菌群条件下铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏期间光合效率变化

将3株冲天湖底泥优势菌(Exiguobacterium.sp013、Bacillus.spD06与Bacillus.spD24)按不同配比与铜绿微囊藻休眠体用底泥包埋,在梯度温度下(10、15、20和25℃)进行复苏模拟实验.结果表明,在15、20和25℃条件下,菌组和无菌组铜绿微囊藻休眠体均能从底泥复苏进入上覆水体,但菌组复苏率显著高于无菌组(p0.05).在10℃条件下,菌组铜绿微囊藻休眠体能复苏,而无菌组不能.在20和25℃时,菌组对铜绿微囊藻休眠体光合系统的光合效率F_v/F_m无显著提升作用(p 0.05),而在10和15℃时,菌组能显著提升铜绿微囊藻休眠体的光合效率F_v/F_m(p0.05),且菌组Mix-4的提升能力显著强于其他菌组和无菌组.基因测序和KEGG富集分析发现,15℃时菌组Mix-4差异表达的基因显著富集于Cell cycle通路中,包括氧化磷酸化(ATP生成反应)通路和内质网蛋白合成通路,同时与光合作用相关的蛋白基因psaB、psbA及rbcL的表达量均发生显著上调,这可能是Mix-4菌群在较低温度下(15℃)提升铜绿微囊藻休眠体光合效率F_v/F_m并促进其复苏的分子机理.     

工业污水在线自动监测系统及警示性原理分析

介绍天然气污水处理过程中采用的污水流量及水质电脑自动监测系统 ,同时本预警系统污水排放超标限值报警与变化率报警相结合的新型预警报警模型     

The enantiomeric composition of monoterpene hydrocarbons in the defensive secretions ofNasutitermes termites (Isoptera): Inter- and intraspecific variations

Summary Frontal gland secretions of termite soldiers of the speciesNasutitermes costalis, N. ephratae, N. nigriceps, N. rippertii, andN. hubbardii were analyzed. The chiral compositions of the monoterpene hydrocarbons were investigated by means of two-dimensional gas chromatography. Two of them, 3-carene and-pinene were present in the form of (–)-enantiomers of high purity in the majority of the samples. The other monoterpenes,-pinene, camphene, sabinene, limonene, and-phellandrene, exhibited a great variation in the enantiopurity between different species.-Pinene and limonene varied significantly even between different colonies within the species.N. costalis was the only species with an invariable composition of the secretion, independent of the locality or origin.     

Shell acquisition by hermit crabs: which tactic is more efficient?

Gastropod shells are limited resources for most hermit crab species, acting as primary factors in various aspects of their biology. To investigate the efficacy of different behavioral tactics adopted for their acquisition (locomotion, attendance at shell-supplying sites, interactions with conspecifics in aggregation) we conducted observations and experiments at a salt marsh in New England (USA). Locomotion, fast and meandering, significantly increased the chances of encountering empty shells and conspecifics. However, shell exchanges were rare. Simulated gastropod predation sites quickly attracted a larger number of hermit crabs than the other shell-supplying sites tested (live and dead conspecifics, live snails) and induced the rapid occupancy of all the empty shells offered, usually by the first crabs arriving at the site. Aggregations seemed not to function as shell exchange markets, as previously suggested for several other species. In the short run, exploitation seems to be more efficient for the acquisition of new shells by Pagurus longicarpus. In the long run, it is the density of nondestructive gastropod predators that regulates the availability of new shells of good quality in the pool available to this hermit crab species.     

基于贝叶斯估计的多探测器火警判定方法研究*

为应对感烟探测器的大量误报对消防应急响应带来的挑战,考虑目前以感烟探测器为主的火警设施误报率高且短期内难以全部更换的特点,提出基于贝叶斯估计的多探测器火警判定方法,通过多个探测器的报警时间间隔计算火源位置的后验概率分布,并提出火警真实度概念,为火警判定提供依据。结果表明:使用多探测器耦合模型时每增加1个探测器可将误报率降低约4个数量级,该方法在探测器正常、部分失效、误报的情景下均能有效判别火警。     

Variable predation risk and the dynamic nature of mosquito antipredator responses to chemical alarm cues

Summary. Predation is a pervasive selective agent highly variable in space and time. Due to the costs associated with antipredator responses, prey would be at a selective advantage if they respond to predation threats with an intensitfy matching the threat posed by the predator. Many aquatic organisms have been shown to use chemical alarm cues present in the water to assess the level of risk in their environment. This includes mosquito larvae which show antipredator responses to conspecific alarm cues. In this study, we investigated the nature of the responses of larval mosquitoes Culex restuans to those cues. In our initial observations, we showed pond/population differences in the response intensity of C. restuans to alarm cues. In experiment 1, we showed that the response intensity to alarm cues could be increased by increasing the background level of risk in the mosquitoes’ environment (by adding salamander predators) and once turned on, the response intensity to alarm cues was likely maintained for the remainder of the mosquitoes’ aquatic life. In experiments 2 and 3, we investigated if the increase in response intensity to alarm cues was directly correlated with the level of background risk in the mosquitoes’ environment. When given increasing levels of background risk, mosquito larvae subsequently showed a graded response to conspecific alarm cues. This series of experiments demonstrates that the response intensity of larval mosquitoes to a standard concentration of alarm cues is not fixed, but rather dependent on the background level of risk in the environment. An understanding of the background level of risk is particularly important for comparing antipredator responses of prey between habitats.     

Fault diagnosis of pipeline and pump unit systems using status coupling analysis

Earlier studies on fault diagnosis of the pipeline and pump unit systems (PPU) relied mainly on independent equipment analyses, which usually lead to false alarms because of the loss of information fusion. The aim of this study is to utilize the status coupling relationship to improve fault detection sensitivity and reduce false alarm rate. A real-time status identification of related equipment step is added between capturing abnormal signals and listing out diagnosis results. For example, when the pipeline pressure fluctuation is found abnormal, a status analysis of pump units is performed immediately, if the pump units are proven to be operational normally, then the pipeline leak alarm is acknowledged valid. The logical reasoning algorithm is used to capture abnormal conditions of pipeline pressures. The pump unit faults are captured by combining information from multiple sources. Field applications show that the proposed method significantly improves the PPU fault detection capability on fault detection sensitive and accuracy.     

Recruitment of Hornbill-Dispersed Trees in Hunted and Logged Forests of the Indian Eastern Himalaya

Abstract:  Hunting of hornbills by tribal communities is widespread in logged foothill forests of the Indian Eastern Himalaya. We investigated whether the decline of hornbills has affected the dispersal and recruitment of 3 large-seeded tree species. We hypothesized that 2 low-fecundity tree species , Chisocheton paniculatus and Dysoxylum binectariferum (Meliaceae) bearing arillate fruits, are more dispersal limited than a prolifically fruiting drupaceous tree Polyalthia simiarum (Annonaceae), which has potential dispersers other than hornbills. We estimated the abundance of large avian frugivores during the fruiting season along transects in 2 protected and 2 disturbed forests. We compared recruitment of the tree species near (<10 m) and far (10–40 m) from parent trees at protected and disturbed sites. Median abundance of Great ( Buceros bicornis ), Wreathed ( Aceros undulatus ), and Oriental Pied Hornbills ( Anthracoceros albirostris ) were significantly lower in disturbed forests, but sites did not differ in abundances of the Mountain Imperial Pigeon ( Ducula badia ). Overall, tree species showed more severely depressed recruitment of seedlings (77% fewer) and juveniles (69% fewer) in disturbed than in protected forests. In disturbed forests, 93% fewer seedlings of C. paniculatus were beyond parental crowns, and a high number of all seedlings (42%) accumulated directly under reproductive adults. In contrast , D. binectariferum and P. simiarum were recruitment rather than dispersal limited, with fewer dispersed seedlings surviving in disturbed than in protected forests. Results are consistent with the idea that disturbance disrupts mutualisms between hornbills and some large-seeded food plants, with the caveat that role redundancy within even small and specialized disperser assemblages renders other tree species less vulnerable to loss of regular dispersal agents.     

放射源远程自动监控管理体系的构建

以苏州的若干家放射源使用单位为例,从点位源的剂量监测、视频监控、红外报警、数据传输等方面出发,围绕提高放射源自动监控这一主题,展开了放射源远程自动监控体系的探索.