异质结型光催化剂CuO/SnO2的制备及产氢性能

光催化降解有机废水可以实现在降解污染物同时回收清洁能源.本研究采用简单沉淀法制备了CuO/SnO2系列复合光催化剂,并用XRD、TEM对其结构进行表征.分别考察了氧化铜含量和乙醇浓度对复合材料光催化产氢性能的影响.实验结果表明,通过氧化铜与二氧化锡适当比例复合能显著提高复合材料的光催化产氢性能.复合材料48.51%CuO/SnO2的产氢性能比纯二氧化锡提高了近5倍.乙醇的浓度也对复合材料的产氢性能有较大影响,最佳的乙醇浓度为2.00 mol.L-1左右.长时间光催化产氢结果表明,每降解废水中1 kg的COD可产生氢气3724 mL.另外,对复合材料光催化分解乙醇的产氢机理也进行了分析.     

硫精砂制酸尾气达标排放及资源化回收利用

硫精砂制酸排出的尾气中SO2含量一般为0.2%~0.5%(体积分数,下同),目前国内普遍采用一转一吸或两转两吸流程来吸收硫酸尾气,使SO2质量浓度达到低于860 mg/m3的国家二级排放标准。但随着国家颁布新的《硫酸工业污染物排放标准》,要求现有硫酸企业SO2排放质量浓度必须于2013年10月1日前全部低于400mg/m3,因此必须对尾气进行进一步的处理。本文结合湖北新洋丰肥业股份有限公司和武汉中东化工有限公司硫酸生产的实际情况,总结了采取三段氨吸法处理硫酸尾气的技术改造和资源化回收利用。     

Fatal motorcycle crashes in wide urban area of Zagreb,Croatia—A 10-year review

Objective: The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of alcohol and drug intoxication among fatally injured motorcyclists in a wide urban area of Zagreb, Croatia.

Methods: We conducted a single-center observational retrospective study over a 10-year period (2007–2016) in 3 counties covering an area including 1.2 million residents. We reviewed the records on fatally injured motorcyclists, collecting information relating to sex, age, cause of death, time of death in relation to the time of the crash, and the circumstances of the crash (time of day, day of the week, season). Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and toxicology analysis results were collected and analyzed.

Results: We identified 163 deaths (95.7% males, 4.3% females). Overall, 64.2% of the victims were 20 to 39 years old. The majority (50.9%) of those fatally injured were responsible for causing the traffic crash; the rest were determined not to be responsible or the responsibility could not be determined. The most frequent causes of death were multiple injuries (55.8%) and isolated head trauma (23.3%). The rider’s BAC was above the legal limit for driving (>0.50?g/kg) in 53.8% of cases, with a mean BAC of 1.91?g/kg. There was no difference in riding a motorcycle with a BAC above the legal limit between groups defined as younger (≤39 years of age) and older (≥40 years of age). The number of people with an illegal BAC was significantly higher during weekends than during the work week. The BAC of riders who were responsible for the crash was significantly higher than that of those who were not responsible or whose responsibility could not be determined. Use of illegal drugs or nontherapeutic use of legal drugs was not common and was detected in 10.4% of fatally injured riders.

Conclusions: Alcohol intoxication has a major role in motorcycle crash–related mortality. A significant difference in BAC between fatally injured riders responsible for the accident and those who were not responsible implies that measures directed toward prevention of drinking and driving behavior could lower the number of fatal motorcycle crashes. Weekend measures, especially during spring and summer, could have particularly significant effects.     

高浓度有机废水脱除燃煤烟气NOx的试验研究

为研发经济、高效的有机废物与烟气NO_x协同控制技术,分别采用丙烯酸钠、工业酒精和萘磺酸钠高浓度有机废水替代氨水、尿素等常用脱硝剂,在热态燃煤试验炉上,研究了T(烟气温度)、φ(O₂)、停留时间和废水与烟气混合方式等参数对烟气脱硝的影响. 结果表明:在烟气温度为1 190 K时,丙烯酸钠、酒精和萘磺酸钠高浓度有机废水的脱硝效率分别为12.7%、14.2%和9.1%;烟气温度为1 360 K时,三者的脱硝效率分别达到37.6%、39.8%和35.9%;烟气温度高于 1360 K后,脱硝效率下降. φ(O₂)从4.1%增至5.2%时,脱硝效率降低了约21.5%、13.1%和15.7%;而φ(O₂)升至6.8%时,脱硝效率降至11.2%~13.6%. 丙烯酸钠废水喷射入温度分别为1 185和1 303 K的烟气时,逆向喷入比正向喷入的脱硝效率分别提高30.4%和19.3%;停留时间从0.67 s升至0.82 s时,3类废水脱硝效率分别提高16.0%、18.8%和16.6%.      

N235萃取含盐酸性废水中的盐酸

以N235为萃取剂、甲苯为稀释剂萃取模拟含盐酸性废水(简称废水)中的盐酸。最佳实验条件为:振荡时间20 min,初始废水中盐酸浓度0.75～2.45 mol/L,V(N235):V(N235+甲苯)=0.3～0.7,V(N235+甲苯):V(废水)=0.5～1.0。在初始废水中盐酸浓度为1.00 mol/L、不含无机盐、V(N235):V(N235+甲苯)=0.4、V(N235+甲苯):V(废水)=1.0的条件下,振荡20 min后萃取液中盐酸浓度为0.80 mol/L、n(盐酸):n(N235)=0.88。当废水中氯化钠浓度大于2.0 mol/L时,氯化钠的加入对N235萃取盐酸有促进作用;硫酸钠的加入对N235萃取盐酸具有抑制作用。     

富N条件下白腐菌对联苯的降解

探讨了在富Ｎ条件下白腐菌降解芳香化合物酶的活性变化和对联苯的降解．研究结果表明,ｍ（Ｃ）／ｍ（Ｎ）比值对白腐菌的ＬｉＰ和ＭｎＰ活性有明显的影响;黎芦醇提高了ＬｉＰ和ＭｎＰ的活性及培养基中·ＯＨ基数量,白腐菌在富Ｎ条件下能降解黎芦醇和联苯     

阴离子对Fenton氧化降解聚乙烯醇的影响

研究了亚铁盐中NO3-、SO42-、Cl-、Br-等阴离子对Fenton氧化降解高浓度聚乙烯醇(PVA)效果的影响。实验结果表明:酸性条件下具有氧化性的阴离子NO3-或能被氧化形成具有氧化性物质的离子Cl-、Br-对Fenton氧化降解PVA有协同促进作用,且氧化性越强越容易促使PVA大分子链断裂;含NO3-、Cl-、Br-和SO42-的Fenton氧化降解PVA,COD去除率分别为70.05%、70.60%、72.40%和87.90%。采用COD去除率相差不大、产物分子量较小的硝酸亚铁、氯化亚铁、溴化亚铁中的一种作为Fenton试剂催化降解PVA较适宜。     

咪唑类[PF6]^-型离子液体萃取胺类化合物

以眯唑类[PF6]^-型离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（[Bmim][PF6]）、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（[Hmim][PF6]）和1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（[Omim][PF6]）对苯胺、对氯苯胺等7种胺类化合物的萃取,考察了溶液初始浓度、相比、盐类、pH及离子液体眯唑基团上取代烷基对萃取平衡的影响,并研究了萃取过程的热效应。实验结果表明：溶液初始浓度对分配系数影响较小;相比10：1是离子液体对胺类化合物的溶解饱和临界点,当相比大于10：1时,分配系数降低;NaCl、K2SO4可以增大萃取分配系数,ZnSO4对分配系数几乎没有影响;pH增加,分配系数增大;离子液体对不同取代基的胺类萃取能力有较大的差异,咪唑基团上取代烷基的长度对不同胺类物质的分配系数影响较显著;萃取过程属于焓增大的吸热过程。     

连接性指数对脂肪醇的QSPR/QSAR研究

用碳原子取代醇中的氧,构造出极性很小、结构和原化合物相似的分子.定义原子特征值f_i=1 sum h_(ij),并在邻接矩阵的基础上,建立该化合物的连接性指数~mG,~mG=sum(f_i·f_i·f_k…)~0.5,其中,~0C=sum(f_i)~0.5.G=sum(f_i·f_i)~0.5.~mG对脂肪醇异构体具有很强的区分能力,且~0G与醇的-lgS_w,lgK_ow均有良好的相关性,复相关系数均在0.99以上.~0G具有物理意义明确,计算简单等优点.     

Determination of alcohol compounds using corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry

Ion mobility spectrometry （IMS） is a very fast, highly sensitive, and inexpensive technique, it permits efficient monitoring of volatile organic compounds like alcohols. In this article, positive ion mobility spectra for six alcohol organic compounds have been systematically studied for the first time using a high-resolution IMS apparatus equipped with a discharge ionization source. Utilizing protonated water cluster ions （H2O）nH^＋ as the reactant ions and clean air as the drift gas, alcohol organic compounds, ethanol, 1- propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 2-octanol, all exhibit product ion characteristic peaks in their respective ion mobility spectrometry, that is a result of proton transfer reactions between the alcohols and reaction ions （H2O）nH^＋. The mixture of these alcohols, including two isomers, has been detected, and the results showed that they could be distinguished effectively in the ion mobility spectrum. The reduced mobility values have been determined, which are in very well agreement with the traditional ^63Ni-IMS experimental values. The exponential dilution method was used to calibrate the alcohol concentrations, and a detection limit available for the alcohols is in order of magnitude of a few ng/L.