Use of Biotic Community Structure as a Measure of Ecological Degradation

The benthic macroinvertebrate communities of two lotic aquatic habitats,namely,the Churni River(C-R)and the Jalangi River(J-R)were compared in this study.One lotic aquatic system(C-R)was polluted by organic pollutants due to discharge of unprocessed sewage water,while the other(J-R)was not affected by such pollution.Evaluations of various physico-chemical properties of water,sediment and different macroinvertebrate communities of the two tropical lotic systems were done in a period from January,2002 to December,2003.A long term temporal change in the macroinvertebrate communities was recorded due to increase in sediment rH value.Sediment redox potential affected by the anthropogenic activities was found to be an important factor for alteration of macroinvertebrate communities in these aquatic ecosystems.A positive correlation has been established between rH and Margalef index in this study.Potassium and the total count of coliform bacteria in water showed significantly higher values for the polluted Churni River than those for the Jalangi River.Fig 3,Tab 4,Ref 34     

京杭运河徐州段底栖动物与水质的关系

本研究利用生物监测方法，探明了京杭运河徐州段大型底栖无脊椎动物的生物种群及其分布。运用污染生物指数（Ｇｏｏｄｎｉｇｈｔ）和生物多样性指数（Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ）统计表达，对京杭运河徐州段进行生物综合评价，同时，指出了该水体污染，将给徐州的两个地面饮用水厂及国家南水北调工程带来威胁和危险。通过生物指标与理化指标对比，综合分析研究，冲破了理化指标的限制，说明生物指标对水体污染的评价更全面、可靠而直观。     

三江平原湿地植物物种空间分异规律的探讨

研究了三江平原典型湿地在地形、水分等因素制约下的植物物种空间分异规律,包括垂直分异规律和水平分异规律。首先,按照地形和水分的分异组合特点,把湿地生境分为较干燥生境、季节积水生境和常年积水生境。然后,在各个生境内采用样方法和样线法调查植物物种。调查分为20世纪70年代、80年代和2003年3个时期,范围包括三江平原的典型湿地植物群落。数据分析时采用了生境组合法。即把3个不同的生境组合成一个水分(或地形)梯度带,根据频度和多度指标筛选出主要物种,然后按照其空间位置,列出主要植物物种沿水分梯度带的分布序列。研究发现:三江平原湿地不同生境的植物物种组合和垂直分异差别明显。较干燥生境的植被类型以岛状林群落为代表,乔木、灌木和草本植物层次分明。季节性积水生境的植被类型以小叶章群落为代表,是典型的湿草甸植物群落,垂直结构不明显。常年积水生境以毛果苔草群落为代表,植物群落层次也比较明显。植物物种水平分异规律,基本上可由植物物种空间分布序列图来代表。随着地势降低,水分增多,乔、灌植物,湿草甸植物,水生草本植物在特定的空间依次出现。     

A Global Indicator for Biological Invasion

Abstract:  "Trends in invasive alien species" is one of only two indicators of threat to biodiversity that form part of the Convention on Biological Diversity's (CBD) framework for monitoring progress toward its "2010 target" (i.e., the commitment to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction in the current rate of biodiversity loss). To date, however, there is no fully developed indicator for invasive alien species (IAS) that combines trends, derived from a standard set of methods, across species groups, ecosystems, and regions. Here we provide a rationale for the form and characteristics of an indicator of trends in IAS that will meet the 2010 framework goal and targets for this indicator. We suggest single and composite indicators that include problem-status and management-status measures that are designed to be flexible, readily disaggregated, and as far as possible draw on existing data. The single indicators at national and global scales are number of IAS and numbers of operational management plans for IAS. Global trends in IAS are measured as the progress of nations toward the targets of stabilizing IAS numbers and the implementation of IAS management plans. The proposed global indicator thus represents a minimum information set that most directly addresses the indicator objective and simultaneously aims to maximize national participation. This global indicator now requires testing to assess its accuracy, sensitivity, and tractability. Although it may not be possible to achieve the desired objective for a global indicator of biological invasion by 2010 as comprehensively as desired, it seems possible to obtain trend estimates for a component of the taxa, ecosystems, and regions involved. Importantly, current indicator development initiatives will also contribute to developing the mechanisms necessary for monitoring global trends in IAS beyond 2010.     

Secondary metabolism — evolution and function: Products or processes?

Summary The distinguishing characteristics of secondary metabolism and its associated metabolites are outlined. Current theories relating to the function of secondary metabolism in plants and micro-organisms are enumerated and the view that consideration of the processes rather than the products may best explain the origins of secondary metabolism is discussed.     

大空间尺度上物种多样性的分布规律

物种多样性是生物多样性在物种水平上的表现形式.由于全球性保护行动的开展和多学科的相互渗透,把物种多样性研究推向大时空尺度方向发展,一些新的研究领域得到拓展.本文综述了物种多样性在大空间尺度上的经典研究(包括梯度变化格局、个体大小频次分布格局和物种-面积关系),同时着重探讨了经典研究的新认识及一些新领域内所揭示的新格局,主要有:生物类群间物种数的协同变化、物种和高级分类阶元的关系、局域物种多样性与区域物种多样性关系以及全球变化影响等等.参79     

中国珍稀格氏栲林的数量特征

运用伽玛分布，对数正态分布、韦布（Weibull)分布，正态分布等4种概率分布模型对格氏栲林的乔木层、灌木层、藤本层，草本层的物种-多度关系进行拟合分析，并用多种物种多样性指标测定格氏栲林各层次数量特征。结果表明：格氏栲林群落各层次物种-多度关系均符合伽玛分布，即伽玛分布模型应用于格氏栲林物种-多度分布研究是理想的；格氏栲林物种多样性指标介于中亚热带常绿阔叶林与南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林之间，表5参20。     

东北过伐林灌木层物种多样性与林分因子的典型相关分析

研究林分特征尤其是经营上可以控制的因子对生物多样性的影响，将有助于制定合理的经营措施来维持和保护生物多样性，本文作者以我国东北过伐林区3种典型天然林类型为对象，采用典型相关分析方法，研究影响灌木层物种多样性的主要因子。结果表明：影响灌木层物种多样性的主要因子包括土壤含水率，树种多样性和林分密度；灌木层多样性组的变异被林分组第一典型变量解释的比例为68.32%,仍有31.68%的变异不能得到解释。     

亚高山30a人工针叶林物种多样性的定量分析

探讨了川西地区不同海拔梯度上,30a亚高山人工针叶林乔,灌,草各层物种多样性的变化规律,并运用逐步多元回归分析方法,分析了不同立地条件下土壤因子与针叶林群落乔,灌,草各层物种多样性指数之间的关系,结果显示：30a人工针叶林灌木层和草本层多样性指数明显高于乔木层;随着海拔的升高,灌木层和草木层物种的多样性指数逐渐降低,在halt2700m处多样性最丰富,乔木物种多样性则呈现为“低→高→低”的变化趋势,符合“中间高度膨胀（mid-altitude bulge)模式,土壤因子对30a人工恢复针叶林多样性的影响主要是体现在灌木层和草本层的变化,而对乔木层物种多样性的影响不明显,土层厚度,土壤容重,石砾含量,枯枝落叶的贮量,CaO含量以及有机质的C／N比值等土壤因子与灌木层和草本层物种多样性之间存在线性相关关系,分层建立了物种数,Simpson指数,ShannonWiener指数,Menhinick指数以及Brillouin指数与相关土壤因子的回归模型。     

溪洛渡水电站对两栖爬行动物多样性影响的预测与保护对策

采用β多样性指数和动物地理学方法研究了溪洛渡水电站对两栖爬行动物多样性的影响,结果表明,在海拔600m以下淹没区的区系与600－900m区段的区系,共有种最多,相似性最大,隔离与分化最小,它们具有较近的生物地理学关系,它们与海拔900m以上的区段则有明显差别,因此,保护好海拔600－900m区段的物种多样性成为保护该地物种多样性的关键,并可以有效地降低电站的建设对物种多样性的影响。