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41.
42.
An optimised sequential extraction scheme for the evaluation of vanadium mobility in soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Reviewing the current state of knowledge about sequential extraction applied for soil vanadium(V) fractionation, we identified an urgent requirement of an sequential extraction(SE) specified for V. Namely, almost all previous SE extracted only 8.4%–48% of total V in soils(excluding residue). Thus, we proposed an eight-step SE for V fractionation in soils according to the knowledge gained from literature and our own dissolution experiments with model minerals. After extracting the mobilisable and adsorbed V with de-ionised water and 5 mmol/L phosphate, 1 mol/L pyrophosphate was applied to gather organic matter bound V which minimised the artefact dissolving Al and Fe(hydr)oxides occurred when using HNO_3–H_2O_2for extraction. Extraction with 0.4 mol/L NH_2OH·HCl was highly selective toward manganese oxides. Fractionation of different crystalline Al and Fe(hydr)oxides associated V with 1 mol/L HCl, 0.2 mol/L oxalate buffer and 4 mol/L HCl at 95°C especially improved the extractability of V incorporated with crystalline phase associated V. The suitability of our new SE scheme was confirmed by its higher selectivity against the target phases and higher extraction efficiencies(55%–77% of total V) with model minerals and 6 soils of different properties than previous SE. 相似文献
43.
介绍了电偶腐蚀的原理,以飞机结构上容易出现的三种电偶腐蚀(碳纤维增强环氧复合材料-铝合金、钛合金-铝合金、铝合金-不锈钢)为例,对目前关于这三种电偶腐蚀的研究进行了综述,分析了电偶腐蚀的环境影响因素,综述了耦合材料的失效特点和形式,探讨了利用阻隔、涂层和缓蚀剂等手段减缓和防止电偶的防护措施,指出利用微区测试技术、联合多种研究手段和复合环境因素在研究电偶腐蚀方面的重要性。在多因素条件下,设计模拟耦合件的试验,有利于模拟实际工况的特征。 相似文献
44.
AS/PDM复合混凝剂对冬季太湖原水除藻效果研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
由聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDM)与硫酸铝(AS)制成的系列稳定AS/PDM复合混凝剂,用于冬季太湖原水的除藻效果研究.通过混凝除藻实验,考察了复合混凝剂加药量、AS与PDM复配质量比(20∶1~5∶1)、PDM特征黏度(0.55~3.99 dL/g)对除藻效果的影响,分析了使用复合混凝剂替代预加氯工艺的可行性.结果表明,对原水使用AS、AS/PDM(0.55/20∶1~3.99/5∶1)复合混凝剂后的余浊达到2 NTU的水厂沉淀出水浊度标准时,其加药量(以Al2O3计)分别为4.24 mg/L、 3.96~1.87 mg/L,除藻率分别为83.00%、 87.52%~90.93%;加药量为4.24 mg/L时,其除藻率分别为83.00%、 88.29%~97.66%,余浊分别为2.00 NTU、 1.76~0.43 NTU.对加氯水的加药量为4.50 mg/L时,AS/PDM(1.53/10∶1)复合混凝剂对原水的处理效果优于AS对加氯水的处理效果;AS/PDM(3.99/5∶1)复合混凝剂对原水的处理效果优于AS、AS/PDM(0.55/20∶1)、AS/PDM(1.53/10∶1)复合混凝剂对加氯水的处理效果.因此,AS/PDM复合混凝剂可明显提高AS对冬季太湖原水的处理效果,与单独使用AS相比,余浊达标时节省加药量,加药量相等时提高处理效果.此外,使用复合混凝剂还可替代预氯氧化工艺中加氯对混凝除藻作用的部分功能,有利于提高水质安全性. 相似文献
45.
46.
《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2013,6(3):148-158
Recycling of post-consumer waste materials is gaining increased interest due to public awareness, legislative promotion and imposition, economic benefits and appropriate technologies being available. The present paper does not deal with municipal solid waste as such, but only with the recyclable constituents. The paper does not aim at presenting recycling process details and/or fundamental research results, but reviews the major recyclables with their reuse potential, recycling technologies used, problems, solutions and potential areas of future research and development. These target recyclables include paper and cardboard, aluminium cans, glass beverage bottles, scrap metal and steel cans, scrap tyres, batteries and household hazardous waste. The present paper sets the overall picture and deals with paper, cardboard and aluminium cans only. A second part of the paper assesses the other target recyclables. The assessment of the waste availability, the existing and currently developed recovery and recycling technologies, and the economically rewarding markets while recycling, stress the technical, economic and environmental importance of this waste management sector. The activities associated with the recovery and recycling of post-consumer wastes require a strong sustainable engineering input at all phases of the treatment, from input quality control, to the selection of the most appropriate technology and the delivery of the recyclables as readily reusable feedstock. 相似文献
47.
Some fish‐kills in Basque rivers were studied by gill tissue analysis: Samples were wet digested and the solution was analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In three cases, the cause was linked to the effluents of an aluminium anodizing factory, cyanide caused one kill and copper wastes were related with another. Three cases were attributed to natural reasons and one of the kills was of unknown origin. 相似文献
48.
Industrial discharges of Al are increasingly common. In this study, the activities of three antioxidases, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and changes in coelomocytes were investigated in earthworms (Eisenia andrei) exposed to different concentrations of aluminium chloride (range 0–200 mg Al kg?1 dry soil) in artificial soils for 32 days. Within the first 16 days of Al exposure, catalase activity was elevated in most treatments, while the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were inhibited in all treatments. After 16 days exposure, SOD and GSH-Px activities returned to normal at lower Al concentrations, but were still inhibited at higher concentrations, hence the inhibition of SOD and GSH-Px showed some exposure-level dependence during the late exposure phase. MDA content was significantly elevated from 16 days after initial exposure. Neutral Red retention time of coelomocytes decreased at the highest exposure concentrations after 32 days, and an increased proportion of cells showing membrane damage was also observed at this time using flow cytometry. We conclude that excessive Al in soils can cause oxidative stress and cell damage in earthworms. Hence, Al accumulation in the environment may present an ecological hazard through suppression of the important functions of earthworms in soil ecosystems. 相似文献
49.
50.
以TEOS为硅源的聚硅氯化铝中铝及硅形态分布 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
以正硅酸乙酯 (TEOS)为硅源 ,合成了新型的聚硅氯化铝 (PASC) ,利用Al Ferron逐时络合比色法和Si Mo逐时络合比色法分别研究了其Al形态及Si形态分布 ,并与常规方法 (以硅酸钠为硅源 )合成的聚硅氯化铝做了比较 .实验结果表明 ,新方法合成的PASC具有铝硅分布均匀 ,分子量较大 ,产品重现性好的优点 .两种方法合成的PASC具有相同的Al形态分布规律 ,即高分子量Al形态含量随B值 (碱化度 )和Si Al摩尔比的增大而增加 ,Al形态随Si Al摩尔比的变化程度随B值的增大而增大 .另外通过新方法发现 ,Si形态分布也具有规律性并和Al形态具有相似的分布特征 ,但Si形态随Si Al摩尔比的变化程度随B值的增大而减小 . 相似文献