测定单个粒子的薄膜法及其应用

本文介绍改进后的薄膜法,主要是形态分析法和复合薄膜法。它们都是基于粒子和薄膜反应生成物的形态特征通过电镜来确定粒子成分的。前者可以检测单个酸性粒子,检出下限为７ ×１０－ １９ｇ;后者能同时检出一个粒子中所含的ＮＯ－３ 和ＳＯ２ －４ ,检出下限分别为３ ×１０－ １５ｇ 和７ ×１０－ １８ｇ。利用该方法对广州大气粒子进行了观察,结果表明改进后的薄膜法完全适用于对单个粒子的观察和测定。     

Experimental study on the effect of fly ash content in cemented paste backfill on its anti-sulfate erosion

ABSTRACT

In order to study the effect of fly ash content in cemented paste backfill (CPB) on its anti-sulfate erosion, the apparent phenomenon, strength development, and hydration products change the law of CPB with different fly ash content under long-term soaking of 5% sodium sulfate solution were studied by the macrotest and microanalysis, in addition, the mechanism of CPB anti-sulfate attack was analyzed by combining with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the effect of sulfate environment on the strength of fly ash cemented paste backfill (FCPB) was mainly determined by the hydration products in the FCPB at different soaking times. In the early soaking stage, the formation of ettringite (AFt) in FCPB could improve its compactness, which was conducive to improving the strength of FCPB. In the late soaking stage, there were ettringite-type erosion damage and gypsum erosion-type damage internal of the FCPB with low content fly ash, resulting in microfracture, cracking of the FCPB, and reducing the strength. CPB with an appropriate content of fly ash could improve the internal structure of the FCPB to achieve the purpose of anti-sulfate erosion.     

无机-有机高分子复合絮凝剂处理含油废水的试验研究

研究了用聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）及改性蒙托石等不同无机—有机高分子絮凝剂复配使用处理炼钢厂连铸含油废水的除油效果,考察了不同絮凝剂的复配以及絮凝剂的不同复配比例对处理效果的影响。试验结果表明,用聚合氯化铝（PAC）＋聚合硫酸铁（PFS）＋聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）3种絮凝剂复配使用除油效果最佳,当3种絮凝剂的复配比为2∶2∶3时除油效果最好,除油率达到88.2%,达到国家排放标准。     

EVALUATION OF COPPER ACCUMULATION IN PART OF THE CALIFORNIA AQUEDUCT1

ABSTRACT: Copper sulfate has been used extensively in the California Aqueduct to control phytoplankton and the alga Cladophora. Since 1969 more than 250,000 pounds of copper sulfate has been added to a part of the aqueduct. Although copper sulfate is effective in controlling algae, copper tends to accumulate in the system in which it is applied. Samples of water, biota including plants, clams, and snails, as well as sediment were analyzed for copper. Results of these analyses showed that copper concentrations in the water, with three exceptions, were less than 10 micrograms per litre. Samples of plant tissue showed a 198 percent increase in copper concentration in the treated reach of the aqueduct, and clam tissue showed a 68 percent increase. Snails in the treated reach had 77 percent more copper than in the untreated reach whereas copper concentrations in the sediment doubled. None of the concentrations found are considered to be harmful to the biota.     

CONTROL OF LAKE PHOSPHORUS WITH ALUMINUM SULFATE: DOSE DETERMINATION AND APPLICATION TECHNIQUES1

ABSTRACT: Nutrient diversion does not always bring about prompt and sufficient reduction in lake phosphorus concentration due to recycling from nutrient rich sediments. Certain lakes and reservoirs may continue to experience nuisance algal blooms and require additional restorative steps. The phosphorus precipitation/inactivation technique is a procedure to remove phosphorus from the water column and to control its release from sediments in order to achieve P-limiting conditions to algal growth. Aluminum salts have been used in advanced waste water treatment to remove phosphorus and this technology was extended to lake rehabilitation. Guidelines for dose calculation and application are generally lacking, and are provided in this report. The dose determination suggested here allows maximum application of aluminum to bottom sediments and thus emphasizes long term control of phosphorus recycling. Dose can be calculated directly from the alkalinity of the water to be treated. Titration of lake water samples of Varying alkalinity allows the establishment of the relationship between residual dissolved aluminum, alkalinity, and dose which can then be employed for lake scale applications of alum to lakes and reservoirs. Application equipment and procedures are described. These depend on site characteristics and treatment objectives and include lakeside stores, a distribution pipe, and an application barge and manifold. Alum may also be used to meet other restoration objectives including the treatment of problem flows and the reduction of particulate concentrations.     

自动电位滴定法测定烟气氨法脱硫模拟浆液中氯离子的研究

氯离子含量是氨法脱硫工艺中的一个重要监控指标,用自动电位滴定法测定氨法脱硫浆液中的氯离子。结果表明,实验加入乙醇有利于增大电位突跃幅度;pH值为3~5时实验结果准确;加标回收率为90%~110%;与莫尔法相比,测定结果准确度、精密度更高,且不受灰分颜色干扰;与离子色谱法测定结果准确度、精密度相近,但测定高浓度氯离子电位滴定法更有优势。     

聚合氯化铝与三氯化铁混凝剂在常规水处理中的运用

通过聚合氯化铅与三氯化铁在常规水处理的生产性实验，从经济成本、水质指标和实际使用存在的问题对其进行分析比较，并比较了两种混凝剂在常规水处理中的优缺点。     

硫酸盐还原颗粒污泥对Cr的吸附机理解析

以硫酸盐还原颗粒污泥作为研究对象,进行Cr的吸附容量研究及吸附等温线拟合,测定颗粒污泥中的硫化物含量、对比实验前后颗粒污泥的表面形态和微生物组成并采用傅里叶红外变换光谱(FTIR)分析颗粒污泥的表面基团。结果表明,颗粒污泥对Cr的吸附容量为6.84 mg/g,吸附过程可用Langmuir吸附等温式描述。颗粒污泥中硫化物含量达9.868 mg/g(湿重),对应每克颗粒污泥对Cr的最大吸附量可达10.69 mg;颗粒污泥表面生长大量的微生物,以杆菌为主,颗粒污泥表面丰富的微孔结构及微生物所分泌的胞外物均可有效吸附溶液中的Cr;FTIR分析结果显示,颗粒污泥中包含大量C=O、C-N及-S等基团,这些基团均可通过与C(rⅥ)或C(rⅢ)之间的静电吸附作用吸附溶液中的Cr。研究表明化学与生物吸附作用在硫酸盐还原颗粒污泥吸附溶液中的Cr过程中起到了重要的作用。     

厌氧氨氧化电子受体的研究

在无机条件下,以该课题组已经培养出来的厌氧氨氧化污泥作为接种污泥,分别以硫酸盐、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐为电子受体来研究氨的氧化反应。从去除速率的角度来看,以NO2--N、NO3--N和SO42--S为电子受体的反应器,分别在运行的第24.5天、40天和31天时达到0.030 0 kg/(m.3d)NH4+-N去除速率,则氧化氨的能力由大到小依次是:亚硝酸盐>硫酸盐>硝酸盐;从标准吉布斯自由能变化来看,3种反应都是可以发生的;以亚硝酸盐为电子受体的反应过程是一个消耗酸度的生物过程,而以硫酸盐为电子受体的反应过程是一个消耗碱度的生物过程。     

浅论通风隔声窗的发展

分析当前通风隔声窗的现状,以及通风隔声窗发展中的几个关键点,即:安静、节能、智能、清新空气、美观;结合正升声学公司开发的通风隔声窗产品讨论通风隔声窗在未来住宅建筑中的应用。