Properties and coagulation mechanisms of polyferric silicate sulfate with high concentration

Polyferric silicate sulfate （PFSS） with high concentration was prepared using the composite-poly method. The coagulation properties and mechanisms of this new complex were probed using TEM, Fe-Ferron timed complex-colorimetric method, and infrared spectrum method. The results showed that the flocculating effect of polyferric silicate sulfate had an advantage over polyferric sulfate （PFS）, as the optimum coagulation effect could be obtained when the Si/Fe mole ratio was 0.75 in accordance with its macrostructure of PFSS. According to the Fe-Ferron timed complex-colorimetric method, the Si species was mainly Sic, whereas, the Fe species were Fea and Fec in the copolymerization system. The infrared spectra indicated that the structure of these new flocculants was formed by polymers, mainly by olation, which was different from polyferric sulfate, and the vibration of M-OH-M of around 1100 cm^-1, also proved that there existed Fe-OH-Fe and its polymers in some forms.     

北京大气中硫酸盐及烟炱的研究

在1983—1984年间对北京大气中气溶胶进行了研究。研究结果表明,大气中含碳化合物气溶胶主要来自燃煤,冬、夏季二氧化硫氧化过程有所不同,冬季大气中的硫酸盐可能来自局地污染,并与非完全燃烧的产物有关。     

络合-氧化-还原耦合方法脱除烟气中NOx的研究

NO与Fe2+反应生成络合物[Fe(NO)]2+易被O2氧化解络形成NO2-和NO3-离子,进而被尿素溶液还原生成N2.基于上述反应原理,本文提出脱除烟气中NOx的新方法,即以FeSO4为吸收液、O2为氧化剂、尿素为还原剂的络合-氧化-还原耦合法.考察了尿素初始浓度、吸收液pH值、NOx初始浓度、烟气流量等因素对NOx脱除率的影响.结果表明,尿素初始浓度越高、吸收液pH值越低、NOx初始浓度越大、烟气流量越小时,NOx脱除率越高;当尿素初始浓度为1.19mol/L,吸收液pH值为3.2,NOx初始浓度为1493mg/m3以及烟气流量为800mL/min时,反应初期(0~6min)NOx脱除率可达92%以上,且反应1h后脱除率仍可保持在69%左右.     

冬季PM2.5中无机水溶性离子与大气相对湿度的相关性

依托河北省灰霾污染防治重点实验室,对2019年11月26日—12月31日石家庄市大气PM_2.5中的NO₃^-和SO₄^2-进行连续在线观测,研究NO₃^-和SO₄^2-与环境空气相对湿度的相关性,解析冬季发生PM_2.5重污染天气的RH阈值.观测期间,RH为10%~60%时,NO₃^-的浓度与RH呈显著正相关,为PM_2.5中浓度最高的无机水溶性离子.RH超过70%后,NO₃^-与RH呈负相关,NO₃^-浓度和NOR开始下降.SO₄^2-浓度与RH在整个湿度区间均呈正相关.RH低于50%时,SO₂向SO₄^2-的转化以气相反应为主.RH高于50%以后,颗粒物达到潮解点,SO₂的主要反应转入液相,转化速率加快,SO₂液相反应贡献逐渐增加至64.6%.RH超过70%后,SO₄^2-成为PM_2.5中浓度最高的无机水溶性离子.RH超过PM_2.5潮解点以后,NO₃^-和SO₄^2-大量合成,推高PM_2.5环境浓度,易于形成重污染天气.     

降解偶氮染料AO7的研究：动力学及反应途径

紫外光分解过硫酸盐(S2O2-8)是一种新型的高级氧化技术,可以产生强氧化性的硫酸根自由基(SO-4).以偶氮染料AO7为目标污染物,重点研究了反应体系氧化剂K2S2O8浓度、溶液初始pH值和无机阴离子(H2PO-4、HCO-3、NO-3和Cl-)对反应体系的影响.结果表明,AO7的降解遵循准一级动力学,当AO7初始浓度为0.14 mmol/L时,最佳的氧化剂K2S2O8与污染物AO7的摩尔比为20.pH值对UV/K2S2O8体系降解AO7的反应速率影响较大,增大pH有利于SO-4转化为·OH.溶液中的无机离子对反应体系有一定的抑制作用.采用GC/MS分析了UV/K2S2O8体系降解AO7的主要中间产物(萘酚、1,2-苯并吡喃酮、邻苯二甲酸),并根据中间产物的分析推测了降解途径.     

Effects of fulvic acid and humic acid on aluminum speciation in drinking water

This article focused on the influences of fulvic acid and humic acid on aluminum speciation in drinking water. Factors including the concentration of residual chlorine and pH value had been concerned. Aluminum species investigated in the experiments included inorganic mononuclear, organic mononuclear, mononuclear, polymer, soluble, and suspended forms. It was found that the e ects of fulvic acid and humic acid on aluminum speciation depended mainly on their molecular weight. Fulvic acid with molecular weight less than 5000 Dalton had little influence on aluminum speciation; while fulvic acid with molecular weight larger than 5000 Dalton and humic acid would increase the concentration of soluble aluminum significantly even at concentration below 0.5 mg/L (calculated as TOC). Aluminum species, in the present of fulvic acid with molecular weight larger than 5000 Dalton and humic acid, were more stable than that in the present of fluvic acid with molecular mass less than 5000 Dalton, and varied little with reaction time. Within pH range 6.5–7.5, soluble aluminum increased notably in water with organic matter. As the concentration of residual chlorine increased, the e ects of fulvic acid and humic acid became weak. The reactions between humic acid, fulvic acid with large molecular weight, and aluminum were considered to be a multi-dentate coordination process. With the consideration of aluminum bioavailability, reducing the concentration of fulvic acid and humic acid and keeping the pH value among 6.5–7.5 were recommended during drinking water treatment.     

Toxicity detection of sodium nitrite, borax and aluminum potassium sulfate using electrochemical method

Based on the inhibition effect on the respiratory chain activity of microorganisms by toxicants,an electrochemical method has been developed to measure the current variation of a mediator in the presence of microorganisms contacted with a toxicant.Microelectrode arrays were adopted in this study,which can accelerate the mass transfer rate of an analyte to the electrode and also increase the total current signal,resulting in an improvement in detection sensitivity.We selected Escherichia coli as the testee and the standard glucoseglutamic acid as an exogenous material.Under oxygen restriction,the experiments in the presence of toxicant were performed at optimum conditions(solution pH 7.0,37°C and reaction for 3 hr).The resulting solution was then separated from the suspended microorganisms and was measured by an electrochemical method,using ferricyanide as a mediator.The current signal obtained represents the reoxidation of ferrocyanide,which was transformed to inhibiting efficiency,IC 50,as a quantitative measure of toxicity.The IC 50 values measured were 410,570 and 830mg/L for sodium nitrite,borax and aluminum potassium sulfate,respectively.The results show that the toxicity sequence for these three food additives is consistent with the value reported by other methods.Furthermore,the order of damage degree to the microorganism was also observed to be:sodium nitrite > borax > aluminum potassium sulfate > blank,according to the atomic force microscopy images of E.coli after being incubated for 3 hr with the toxic compound in buffer solutions.The electrochemical method is expected to be a sensitive and simple alternative to toxicity screening for chemical food additives.     

广州城区秋季大气PM_(2.5)中主要水溶性无机离子分析

分别在广州市中心城区高楼顶(距地50m)和交通干线路边(距地1.2m),于2006年秋季连续一周采集了大气PM2.5样品,对比分析了SO42-、NO3-、Cl-、F-、Na+、NH4+、Ca2+、K+、Mg2+等9种水溶性无机离子含量。结果表明,楼顶相对充分混合大气中PM2.5的质量浓度范围59.5～129.5μg/m3,均值为83.7μg/m3;交通干线路边大气PM2.5的质量浓度范围为108.4～132.2μg/m3,均值为121.1μg/m3。9种离子总浓度平均达到50.9(楼顶)和44.1(路边)μg/m3,占PM2.5质量浓度的60.8%(楼顶)和36.4%(路边)。SO42-和NO3-为水溶性无机离子主要组成,其占PM2.5质量浓度的比例均是楼顶高于路边,显示二次气溶胶对楼顶充分混合大气中PM2.5有较大贡献,而路边样品中一次来源贡献相对较大。计算表明采样期间海盐对广州大气PM2.5中的水溶性组分贡献较小。NH4+当量浓度远小于SO42-和NO3-的当量浓度,中和度远1,反映PM2.5酸性较强,且楼项PM2.5粒子酸性高于路边样品。     

地面水体中硫阴离子电化学形态分析方法的研究──硫酸盐的测定

提出了一种新的测定可溶性硫酸盐的电量分析方法，此法基于ＳＯ４＾２－与ＢａＣｒＯ４反应释放出ＣｒＯ４＾２－经酸化后转变为Ｃｒ２Ｏ７＾２－，然后用碘量库伦滴定法测定Ｃｒ２Ｏ７＾２－，根据库仑滴定消耗的电量，通过化学计量关系，并按法拉第定律计算出硫酸盐含量。此法可测定μｇ量的硫酸盐，适于测定水系中可溶性硫酸盐。     

旋流板塔钠强化石灰石湿式烟气脱硫研究

向石灰石脱硫浆液中添加硫酸钠可提高脱硫率。以旋流板塔为吸收器,测定了钠强化石灰石湿式烟气脱硫过程的脱硫率、pH值等随脱硫反应时间的变化情况,对不同pH值范围内的石灰石溶解速率等进行了分析。在与工业操作温度相近的条件下,测定了不同塔板数时的脱硫率和塔压降,计算了平均单板效率。结果表明,增加塔板数,脱硫率提高,而平均单板效率减小,实验条件下,塔板数由1增加到4,液气比为4L／m^3时脱硫率由25．5％提高到48．6％,而平均单板效率则由25．5％下降到15．3％。得出了平均单板效率与塔板数之间的关系式。