Bradford法测定土壤球囊霉素相关蛋白的影响因子

土壤球囊霉素相关蛋白(glomalin-related soil protein,GRSP)是评价土壤健康的重要指标。研究了土样粒径、贮存条件和高温提取后离心延误时间3个影响因子对采用Bradford法测定GRSP含量的作用效果。结果表明,土样粒径对易提取GRSP(EEG)的提取测定影响显著,过0.074 mm孔径筛土样中提取出的EEG含量高于过0.149、0.25、1 mm孔径筛的土样;总GRSP(TG)含量的测定结果对土样粒径的变化没有明显响应,测定TG含量可采用过1 mm孔径筛的土样。贮存条件影响EEG和TG含量的测定,有机质含量低的土样室温保存18个月条件下测得的EEG含量低于-20℃保存条件下;有机质含量高的土样室温保存条件下测得的EEG含量高于-20℃保存条件下;室温保存条件下3个有机质含量水平的土样TG含量均高于-20℃保存条件下。不同样品保存方式间3个有机质含量水平的土样EEG或TG含量差异均显著。为减小有机质降解等的影响,宜低温保存土样。提取后延误离心将导致EEG含量测定值降低,因此延误时间以控制在1 h之内为宜;离心延误2 h内不同延误时间之间测得的TG含量无显著差异。     

绵阳市大气污染物浓度变化特征及相关性分析

随着我国工业化、城市化和机动化的高速发展,大气环境质量越来越受民众关注,我国已建成国控—省控—市控—县控四级环境空气自动监测网络,监测项目包括SO2、NO2、CO、O3、PM2.5和PM10.基于2018年绵阳市环境空气监测数据、颗粒物化学组分及气象资料分析上述6个监测项目年均、季度、月均、日均及每日最大小时浓度变化特征,并进一步探讨污染物浓度与气象条件的相关性,结合颗粒物化学组分对产生原因进行剖析.结果表明:绵阳市冬季环境空气质量较差,夏季相对较好.Pearson相关性分析表明:SO2、NO2、CO和颗粒物(PM2.5和PM10)之间存在显著相关性,冬季PM2.5与SO2、NO2的相关系数分别为0.610和0.635,PM10与SO2、NO2的相关系数分别为0.655和0.655,颗粒物主要化学组分为硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐和二次有机气溶胶,颗粒物二次转化尤为明显,冬季需重点管控颗粒物;春季和夏季O3与PM2.5、PM10呈显著正相关,需做好颗粒物和O3的协同管控.O3每日最大小时浓度多集中在13:00?—?18:00,其他污染物每日最大小时浓度多集中于08:00?—?12:00和20:00?—?24:00,同时NO2在20:00?—?24:00出现每日最大小时浓度的频次占67.1％,控制机动车等污染源排放尤为重要.     

Spatiotemporal variations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological influences over typical urban agglomerations in China during the COVID-19 lockdown

To investigate the air quality change during the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed spatiotemporal variations of six criteria pollutants in nine typical urban agglomerations in China using ground-based data and examined meteorological influences through correlation analysis and backward trajectory analysis under different responses. Concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂ and CO in urban agglomerations respectively decreased by 18%–45% (30%–62%), 17%–53% (22%–39%), 47%-64% (14%–41%), 9%–34% (0%–53%) and 16%-52% (23%–56%) during Lockdown (Post-lockdown) period relative to Pre-lockdown period. PM_2.5 pollution events occurred during Lockdown in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebe (BTH) and Middle and South Liaoning (MSL), and daily O₃ concentration rose to grade Ⅱ standard in Post-lockdown period. Distinct from the nationwide slump of NO₂ during Lockdown period, a rebound (～40%) in Post-lockdown period was observed in Cheng-Yu (CY), Yangtze River Middle-Reach (YRMR), Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD). With slightly higher wind speed compared with 2019, the reduction of PM_2.5 (51%–62%) in Post-lockdown period is more than 2019 (15%–46%) in HC (Harbin-Changchun), MSL, BTH, CP (Central Plain) and SP (Shandong-Peninsula), suggesting lockdown measures are effective to PM_2.5 alleviation. Although O₃ concentrations generally increased during the lockdown, its increment rate declined compared with 2019 under similar sunlight duration and temperature. Additionally, unlike HC, MSL and BTH, which suffered from additional (> 30%) air masses from surrounding areas after the lockdown, the polluted air masses reaching YRD and PRD mostly originated from the long-distance transport, highlighting the importance of joint regional governance.     

Impact of meteorological condition changes on air quality and particulate chemical composition during the COVID-19 lockdown

Stringent quarantine measures during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown period (January 23, 2020 to March 15, 2020) have resulted in a distinct decrease in anthropogenic source emissions in North China Plain compared to the paralleled period of 2019. Particularly, 22.7% decrease in NO₂ and 3.0% increase of O₃ was observed in Tianjin, nonlinear relationship between O₃ generation and NO₂ implied that synergetic control of NO_x and VOCs is needed. Deteriorating meteorological condition during the COVID-19 lockdown obscured the actual PM_2.5 reduction. Fireworks transport in 2020 Spring Festival (SF) triggered regional haze pollution. PM_2.5 during the COVID-19 lockdown only reduced by 5.6% in Tianjin. Here we used the dispersion coefficient to normalize the measured PM_2.5 (DN-PM_2.5), aiming to eliminate the adverse meteorological impact and roughly estimate the actual PM_2.5 reduction, which reduced by 17.7% during the COVID-19 lockdown. In terms of PM_2.5 chemical composition, significant NO₃^? increase was observed during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, as a tracer of atmospheric oxidation capacity, odd oxygen (O_x = NO₂ + O₃) was observed to reduce during the COVID-19 lockdown, whereas relative humidity (RH), specific humidity and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) were observed with noticeable enhancement. Nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR) was observed to increase at higher specific humidity and ALWC, especially in the haze episode occurred during 2020SF, high air humidity and obvious nitrate generation was observed. Anomalously enhanced air humidity may response for the nitrate increase during the COVID-19 lockdown period.     

基于时序片段的油气管道运行工况识别方法*

为准确识别管道系统运行工况,提高对油气管道突发事故的响应速度,综合提升管网安全管理水平,提出1种基于时序片段的油气管道运行工况识别方法。首先,构建基于概率分布的状态变化识别模型,提取油气管道中不同运行状态点;其次,建立基于时间序列片段的工况识别模型,快速识别不同时间长度内油气管道运行工况;最后,以国内某成品油管道为例进行方法验证。研究结果表明:该方法可有效识别成品油管道阀门开关状态、泵异常停机和阀门内漏3种运行工况。对比传统的识别方法,该方法可降低状态变化点的漏报率,提升管道运行工况识别的准确率。研究结果可为油气管道系统运行工况识别提供新的借鉴方法。     

Using single- and multi-target regression trees and ensembles to model a compound index of vegetation condition

An important consideration in conservation and biodiversity planning is an appreciation of the condition or integrity of ecosystems. In this study, we have applied various machine learning methods to the problem of predicting the condition or quality of the remnant indigenous vegetation across an extensive area of south-eastern Australia—the state of Victoria. The field data were obtained using the ‘habitat hectares’ approach. This rapid assessment technique produces multiple scores that describe the condition of various attributes of the vegetation at a given site. Multiple sites were assessed and subsequently circumscribed with GIS and remote-sensed data.     

催化湿式氧化乐果农药废水及催化剂的研究

通过共沉淀法制备了用于湿式氧化乐果农药废水的Cu/Mn复合氧化物催化剂,研究了沉淀剂种类、沉淀温度、焙烧温度和活性组分配比等因素对Cu/Mn复合氧化物催化剂的活性及稳定性的影响,确定了最佳制备条件,利用BET比表面积测定和XRD对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明:优化条件制备的Cu/Mn复合氧化物催化剂催化湿式过氧化氢氧化处理乐果农药废水时,具有较高的催化活性和稳定性。催化剂用量以6 g/L,反应温度80℃,过氧化氢加入量为12.0 g/L,反应时间60 min,COD去除率为89.5%,活性组分溶出量较小。     

乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区生态环境现状及对策

乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区主要生态环境问题是：水资源不足,利用率低下;环境污染严重;土地利用率低,利用结构不合理;采矿区、塌陷区面积大,临近市区;工业布局、结构不合理;多数企业技术水平不高,环境代价高。按照国家环保总局建设生态示范区的要求提出了改善其生态环境的对策为：划分生态功能区域;加强水资源利用技术研究与应用;调整产品的结构;提高技术含量、改造污染行业;塌陷区回填复垦;污染控制和废水资源化;水土保持。     

环境温度对污泥堆肥过程的影响

在不同的环境温度下 ,采用强制通风静态仓污泥堆肥中试实验系统进行了五种调理剂的污泥堆肥实验。结果表明 :环境温度对污泥堆肥过程的堆体温度有影响。在寒冷的冬季 (气温范围为 -1 4～ 5.0℃ ,平均气温为 -5.1℃ ) ,污泥堆肥的堆体中层温度能顺利达到设定温度( 60℃ ) ,并能保持一段高温期 (约 9d) ,堆肥产品达到了无害化国家标准。在污泥堆肥过程 ,不必对堆料的 pH值进行调整。     

利用废铁屑处理含铬废水试验研究

通过研究在酸性条件下利用废铁屑处理剧毒的六价铬电镀废水的工艺条件 ,在最佳条件下废水中六价铬去除率达99 %以上 ,出水总铬含量为0.040mg/l,六价铬含量为0.002mg/l,大大低于国家排放标准0.500mg/l。