筛板塔气提法处理生产AC发泡剂的含氨废水

采用板塔气提法处理ＡＣ发泡剂发生中的含氨废水，研究了筛板塔不同结构对空气吹脱除氨效率的影响，以及在筛板中吹脱氨的工艺条件。试验结果表明，在常温常压下，废水中含氨浓度为８００ｍｇ／ｌ，ｐＨ＞１２气液比为１２００时，经一级塔板吹脱，氨的去除率≥９０％。     

痕量铬的吸附溶出伏安法测定及其形态分析

研究了Cr~(3+)—PAR配合物的吸附伏安特性,建立了痕量Cr~(3+)的吸附溶出伏安测定方法。对武汉市沙湖水中铬的主要形态进行了分离和测定,提出了简易的分离系统。     

Change in genotoxicity of wastewater during chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections and the influence of ammonia nitrogen

The effects of chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections on the genotoxicity of different biologically treated sewage wastewater samples were studied by umu-test. The experiment results showed that when chlorine dioxide dosage was increased from 0 to 30 mg/L, the genotoxicity of wastewater first decreased rapidly and then tended to be stable, while when the chlorine dosage was increased from 0 to 30 mg/L, the genotoxicity of wastewater changed diversely for different samples. It was then found that ammonia nitrogen did not affect the change of genotoxicity during chlorine dioxide disinfection of wastewater, while it greatly affected the change of genotoxicity during chlorine disinfection of wastewater. When the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was low (< 10–20 mg/L), the genotoxicity of wastewater decreased after chlorine disinfection, and when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was high (> 10–20 mg/L), the genotoxicity of wastewater increased after chlorine disinfection.     

高负荷厌氧生物反应器的三元酸碱缓冲体系特征与调控

高负荷是升流式(Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed, UASB)、内循环厌氧反应器(internal circulation, IC)和厌氧膜生物反应器(anaerobic membrane bioreactor, AnMBR)等厌氧生物反应器发展的趋势,也是实现"沼气升级(biogas upgrading)"的难点.挥发性有机酸(volatile fatty acids, VFAs)和溶解性无机碳(total inorganic carbon, TIC)既是厌氧消化必经的中间产物,又与氨氮等弱碱共同影响高负荷厌氧消化过程的pH变化,并决定着沼气中的甲烷含量.VFAs、TIC和氨氮构成的三元pH酸碱缓冲体系是高负荷厌氧消化"沼气升级"的关键操作条件.本文总结了高负荷厌氧消化过程中pH变化规律和影响,针对不同VFAs/氨氮关系的形成机制,分析了高负荷厌氧消化碳酸盐缓冲体系特征及其对沼气CH_4/CO_2构成的影响.以厌氧膜生物反应器为例,讨论了近年来基于pH在线监测和调控方法、理论模型方面的研究进展,同时对未来的重点研究方向提出展望,以期为今后的高负荷AnMBR研发提供参考.     

浅谈纳氏试剂法测定空气中氨的影响因素

在分析用纳氏试剂分光光度法测定空气中氨的各种误差因素,重点研究了由于吸收液受到空气的污染和吸收瓶对氨的吸附残留影响.得出结论是:在本地空气中氨的背景浓度水平为0.100 mg/m3时,吸收液污染和吸收瓶污染相对影响最高达到47%.     

氨氮测定中采用蒸馏法处理样品时加碱中和的探讨

采用纳氏试剂测定氨氮时,加入不同量的NaOH溶液对纳氏反应影响较大,经过多次实验,认为加入5ml25%NaOH中和10ml硼酸最合适.     

2013～2017年江苏省人为源氨排放清单的建立及特征

根据江苏省各类氨排放源活动水平数据,采用合理的清单测算方法和排放因子,建立了2013～2017年江苏省人为源氨排放清单,对其历年来人为源氨排放量的变化趋势进行分析.利用Arc GIS软件对江苏省人为源氨排放量及排放强度的分布特征进行分析.结果表明,江苏省的氨排放量由2013年的624. 84 kt减少至2017年的562. 47 kt,年均下降率约为2. 6%.农业源一直是江苏省最主要的氨排放源,2017年时占江苏省氨排放总量的82. 4%;蛋鸡是畜禽养殖源中最大的氨排放源,占畜禽源氨排放量的49. 3%. 2017年江苏省氨平均排放强度为5. 3 t·km~(-2),其中盐城市和徐州市是江苏省人为源氨排放量和排放强度最大的两个城市,镇江市的氨排放量和排放强度最小.     

测定氨标样的两种方法比较

采用测定水中氨的方法与采用测定空气中氨的方法进行比较,分别用两种测定氨的方法对标样进行测定,得出用水中测定氨的方法测定"空气中的氨"标样比用空气中氨的方法更加简单、方便,结果较好.用两种方法分别对环境样品进行测定,测定结果基本一致,进一步验证了测定水中氨的方法可以用于"空气中的氨"测定.     

大型磷酸－磷铵企业环境风险的防范

运用工程分析，物料衡算，综合判断等方法对大型磷酸－磷铵企业的重点污染风险因子进行筛选只别，根据磷石膏库暴雨满溢时氟化物对地表水环境的污染影响，含氟废气（事故）排放对大气环境及农作物的污染影响，氨贮罐泄漏及燃爆对大气环境及健康影响的风险评价结果，重点研究了磷酸－磷铵企业环境风险的防范措施。针对广西鹿化肥公司及国内同类厂的一般情况，提出了保证库周排洪导流沟渠通畅，建设备用磷石膏库等防止暴雨满溢污染地染地表水，改造磷酸尾气洗涤吸收系统防止含氟废气（事故）排放，加强氨系统的安全管理以杜绝氨泄漏等防范措施。     

Microeconomic theory of chemical production processes: application to aqueous VOC air stripping operations

A novel microeconomic formalism for chemical processes is applied to air stripping of harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aqueous streams in a conventional packed tower. A simplified conceptual process model is combined with techno-economic aggregation rules to obtain an engineering production function, which relates process inputs (capital, material, labor, and energy) to output (stripped water flow rate). Process relationships determine column length and diameter required to achieve a specified VOC percent recovery from an aqueous stream of given composition and flow rate. Total capital is determined using a defined capital unit (1 capital unit=10 foot of 6-inch schedule 40 carbon steel welded pipe=$122, Jan. 1990) to put all installed capital equipment on the same basis and multiplying by 3.37 to account for the necessary plant infrastructure. Process labor is obtained from an empirical correlation, which relates workerhours to mass throughput. Simulations were made for four systems comprised from each of two representative random packings (i.e. 25-mm plastic Pall rings and 25-mm ceramic Raschig rings) and two model VOCs (i.e. 1,2-dichloroethane and trichloroethylene). Several examples are given, and process, technical and economic analyses of the results are presented. Two-dimensional (capital-energy) optimization was effective in determining the least cost combination of inputs for a plant to produce a specified output of stripped water. Furthermore, conventional economic models (e.g. Cobb-Douglas model) and associated methods (e.g. linear programming) were shown to be ineffective for air stripping plant design and optimization. Moreover, increasing returns to scale with economies of scale (declining long-run average cost) are prevalent.