《中国自然灾害数字地图集》的编制

随着地图应用范围的日益扩大和数字地球的提出，数字地图开始得到发展，它与传统地图在信息源、容量、表达方式以及兼容扩展等方面有着较大的差别。数字地图具有的3个表达层次：视觉表达、逻辑表达和物理表达，使得处理海量地图数据、生成多用户视图成为数字地图集的最大优势。基于自然灾害专题信息的特殊性，作者开发的自然灾害数字地图集在数据精度、信息表达以及自然灾害的时空性展示等方面独具特点，它是挖掘灾害数据、传播信息的一种有效手段。     

二恶英类物质的生物检测方法

我国的食品卫生、环境安全和公共健康正受到二恶英污染的威胁。国内虽已建成或在建少数HRGC-HRMS二恶英检测实验室,但其检测能力十分有限。笔者介绍二恶英类化合物生物检测方法,对各分析方法的原理和应用进行了对比分析;重点探讨CALUX法,与HRGC-HRMS及其他生物法相比,认为CALUX法更适于对大批量样品二恶英含量的快速定量筛选,对于二恶英污染调查有广阔的应用前景;同时对我国开展二恶英类分析检测提出了建议和展望,为完善二恶英类物质检测分析体系提供了依据。     

Effects of methyl-, phenyl-, ethylmercury and mercurychlorid on immune cells of harbor seals （Phoca vitulina）

Mercury (Hg) is present in the marine environment as a natural metal often enhanced through human activities. Depending on its chemical form, Hg can cause a wide range of immunotoxic e ects. In this study, the influence of methyl-, ethyl- and phenylmercury as well as mercurychloride on immune functions was evaluated. Two parameters of cellular immunity, proliferation and mRNA cytokine expression of interleukin-2, -4, and transforming growth factor , were investigated in harbor seal lymphocytes after in vitro exposure to Hg compounds. While all Hg compounds had a suppressive e ect on proliferation, di erences between juvenile and adult seals were found. Lymphocytes from juveniles showed a higher susceptibility to the toxic e ect compared to lymphocytes from adults. Furthermore, the degree of inhibition of proliferation varied among the four Hg compounds. The organic compounds seem to be more immunotoxic than the inorganic compound. Finally, for the cytokine expression of methylmercury-incubated lymphocytes, timedependent changes were observed, but no dose-dependency was found. Marine mammals of the North Sea are burdened with Hg, and lymphocytes of harbor seals may be functionally impaired by this metal. The present in vitro study provides baseline information for future studies on the immunotoxic e ects of Hg on cellular immunity of harbor seals.     

Expression of lignin peroxidase H2 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium by multi-copy recombinant Pichia strain

The lipH2 gene,encoding the expression of lignin peroxidase,was cloned from Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 and expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33,a yeast.The cDNA of LiPH2 was generated from total RNA extracted from P.chrysosporium by PCR with primers that do not contain a P.chrysosporium lignin peroxidase secretion signal.The gene was then successfully inserted into the expression vector pPICZα,and resulted in the recombinant vector pPICZα-lipH2.The transformation was conducted in two ways.One was u...     

共面多氯联苯抗体的制备及其用表面等离子共振方法检测的应用研究

根据文献方法获得抗共面多氯联苯(Co-PCBs)的重组抗体的轻链、重链基因序列,并用柔性连接肽(Gly4Ser)3进行连接.然后将获得的重组抗体基因序列通过克隆、表达、纯化、复性等手段得到纯度大于95%的Co-PCBs抗体.最后将Co-PCBs抗体组装到金膜表面,制备成检测用的蛋白芯片,并应用表面等离子共振技术(SPR)对共面多氯联苯中的PCB126进行了检测.结果显示,得到的Co-PCBs抗体特异性强,而且SPR检测方法测定PCB126的检测限为5×10-4pg·L-1,达到环境中Co-PCBs的超痕量检测水平要求.整个检测过程方便快捷、样品用量少、灵敏度高,可为环境中多氯联苯的实时检测研究提供指导.     

三苯基甲烷类染料氧化酶基因(tpmD)在大肠杆菌中的无诱导表达

为了解决嗜水气单胞菌DN322对鱼类的潜在致病性问题,有必要克隆表达该菌的三苯基甲烷染料脱色酶基因tpmD.通过PCR方法获得该基因,并与脱色希瓦氏菌S12的NAD(P)H脱氢酶基因启动子和用于荧光标记的编码CCPGCC的碱基序列融合,将有启动子和无启动子的融合基因片段分别连接到质粒pMD18-T中,转化大肠杆菌E.coli DH5α和E.coli BL21.结果发现,有启动子的融合基因能被E.coil在不加诱导物IPTG的条件下高效正确表达,脱色酶活性甚至超过基因供体菌DN322.将上述两株大肠杆菌工程菌株在自然水体中进行孔雀石绿污染小试处理,60d内在每个350mL反应体系中累积共投加大于10000mg的孔雀石绿,脱色率一直保持在92%以上;细菌数量最后增加了5～10倍.研究结果证明,基因工程菌在不加营养物的条件下也有很强的脱色活性和长期的存活能力;在tpmD基因3'端加入的用于螯合双砷荧光染料的18bp编码氨基酸碱基序列不影响此基因的表达和酶的脱色活性,这将赋予此工程菌可示踪性.     

3-PBA降解菌BA3的降解特性及基因工程菌构建

从石油污染土壤中分离到1株能以3-苯氧基苯甲酸(3-PBA)为唯一碳源生长的细菌,命名为BA3.根据其生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列相似性分析,将该菌鉴定为鞘脂菌属(Sphingobium sp.).该菌株在60 h内对100 mg·L-1的3-苯氧基苯甲酸的降解率达到99%.降解3-苯氧基苯甲酸的最适温度为30℃...     

Hg^2＋诱导发光报告基因系统的构建及其检测红壤中残汞的研究

将汞诱导型启动子PmerT和其调控基因merR与egfp基因融合构建发光报告基因系统.通过mini-Tn5系统把merR-egfp插入到Pseudomonas putida染色体DNA上,构建成为在Hg2＋诱导下能特异性表达绿色荧光蛋白的工程菌,并将其应用于检测江西红壤中汞污染.当土壤中汞含量在0.04～50 mg.k...