工程菌及其固定化细胞对有机磷农药的降解

用抗性库蚊酯酶基因,引入原核表达载体pRL439,转化大肠杆菌HB101细胞,获得表达.通过酶切、Southern杂交鉴定重组质粒.研究了重组菌酯酶的活性,重组质粒pRL-B1表达的酯酶具有高酶活并能高效降解酯酶的特异性底物a-乙酸萘酯(a-NA)和β-乙酸萘酯(β-NA);经对重组菌进行细胞固定化后降解有机磷农药对硫磷(1605),反应时间短,降解效率高.     

干燥和复吸水条件下发菜过氧化物氧还蛋白差异表达与基因克隆

发菜(Nostoc flagelliforme)是一种陆生固氮蓝藻,为探讨其耐旱的分子机理及对极端干旱环境的适应和保护机制,运用双向电泳技术(2-DE)、凝胶图像分析、MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS质谱鉴定和数据库检索,分析发菜过氧化物氧还蛋白(Peroxiredoxin)在持续干燥48 h和复吸水4 h后的差异表达水平,根据鉴定的过氧化物氧还蛋白已知氨基酸序列设计简并性引物克隆该基因,分析基因和氨基酸序列的同源性及对蛋白质二级结构进行预测,并研究其原核表达.结果表明,发菜过氧化物氧还蛋白在复吸水后的表达量明显高于干燥状态下的表达量。根据简并性引物克隆获得长度为639 bp的过氧化物氧还蛋白基因,GenBank登陆号为HM854286.序列比较分析显示该基因具有较高的保守性,蛋白质二级结构主要由α螺旋、β折叠和随机卷曲构成.将过氧化物氧还蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中表达,获得符合预期的外源重组蛋白(26.5×103),经Western blotting验证,该外源蛋白为过氧化物氧还蛋白.图10表1参25     

一株菲降解菌的特性及相关降解基因的克隆

从石油污染土壤中分离到一株菲降解菌2F5-2.根据该菌株生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列相似性分析,将其初步鉴定为鞘氨醇杆菌属(Sphingobium sp.).该菌株在10 h内对100 mg/L的菲的降解率为100%.降解菲的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为7.对降解途径的初步研究显示,该菌株通过水杨酸途径降解菲.克隆了编码芳香烃双加氧酶α亚基的基因phdA,它与菌株Sphingomonas sp.P2、Sphingobium yanoikuyae B1、Sphingomonas sp.ZP1中phdA的同源性分别为97.9%、98%和100%,表明该基因具有保守性.图6参16     

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌过氧化氢酶基因perA在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

利用PCR技术得到嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusstearothermophilus)过氧化氢酶基因 perA ,将该基因与表达载体 pKK2 2 3 3连接构建重组质粒pK perA ,转化大肠杆菌过氧化氢酶HPⅠ和HPⅡ双缺突变株UM 2 ,得到重组大肠杆菌UM 2 1.酶活测定结果表明 ,表达产物具有正常的生物学活性 .SDS PAGE电泳结果显示出明显的特异性表达条带 ,单体Mr =86× 10 3 ,与嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌所产酶相同 .实验表明 ,重组质粒在宿主UM 2中有较好的稳定性 ,在无选择压力条件下传代 6 0次基本保持稳定 ,传代 10 0次重组质粒保留 80 %以上 .摇瓶实验确定重组菌的最佳表达条件为 :IPTG浓度 ,0 .75mmol/L ;诱导时间 3h ;培养基起始 pH 6 .5 ;诱导温度 37℃ ;装液量 5 0mL/ 2 5 0mL .在优化条件下 ,重组菌产生的过氧化氢酶占菌体总蛋白的 8% ,酶活力可达 35U/mL ,是原始菌株BacillusstearothermophilusIAM110 0 1的 11.7倍 .图 2表 1参 10     

定量化土地评价指标体系及评价方法探讨

从可持续发展的角度，提出了定量土地评价指标体系建立的原则与依据；分析了土地评价指标体系的现状与存在的问题；总结了土地评价指标体系的量化表达方法，特别是空间统计分析模型和地理信息系统技术在定量化土地评价中的应用。为可持续利用土地评价提供理论依据和方法上的借鉴。     

九株染料脱色菌的脱色特性及其质粒与基因分析

对9株染料脱色菌的脱色特性及其质粒的携带情况进行初步的研究，测定和比较了这9株细菌的16SrDNA序列，并对其进行分子鉴定和分类，经检测的9株细菌均属于肠杆菌科，其中脱色能力较广谱的5株细菌均未检测到质粒的存在，它们在系统分类地位上基本上聚为一类，与埃希氏菌属的大肠埃希氏菌具有较高的同源性。而另外4株脱色能力单一、仅对三苯基甲烷类染料有较强脱色能力的菌株除一株以外，其它3株均携带有大分子量的质粒，在系统分类地位上也基本聚为另一类。     

mRNA expression of a cadmium-responsive gene is a sensitive biomarker of cadmium exposure in the soil collembolan Folsomia candida

The gene expression of environmental organisms is useful as a biomarker of environmental pollution. One of its advantages is high sensitivity. We identified the cDNA of a novel cadmium-responsive gene in the soil collembolan Folsomia candida. The deduced protein, designated “metallothionein-like motif containing protein” (MTC), was cysteine-rich and contained a metallothionein-like motif with similarity to metallothionein, but had a much longer sequence than metallothionein and contained repeated sequences of amino acids. Expression of MTC mRNA was sensitively induced by cadmium exposure at 0.3 mg/kg of dry food, a concentration at which toxic effects are not observed, but expression was not affected by γ-ray exposure (an inducer of oxidative stress). These findings suggest that MTC is involved in cadmium-binding processes rather than in oxidative-stress responses. In conclusion, we suggest that gene expression of MTC may be a candidate biomarker for detecting low levels of cadmium contamination in soil.     

二氯乙腈对大肠杆菌基因表达的影响

为探究二氯乙腈(DCAN)对大肠杆菌(E.coli)基因表达的影响及相应的毒性作用,采用自组织映射(SOM)聚类及剂量效应关系分析方法考察了E.coli在不同剂量DCAN暴露120min过程中其基因表达状况.结果表明:随时间及浓度改变E.coli基因表达具有动态性;在DCAN浓度为1.429×10-3mg/L时,多个参...     

重组质粒DNA在热处理过程中的降解/变性规律研究

生物实验室产生的废弃重组基因片段的排放是造成.基因污染"的途径之一.热处理是目前生物实验室处置废弃重组基因片段、核酸等物质的主要手段.以pET-28b质粒为材料,采用定量PCR技术结合电泳和质粒转化等手段分析了重组基因片段在热处理过程中的降解与失活规律,以及不同离子强度对重组质粒热降解的影响.结果显示,100℃热处理过程中质粒 pET28b 的降解随时间变化较为明显,降解半衰期约为2.7min;处理30min后仍存在具有转化活性的质粒;实验结果表明,100℃热处理后的废弃重组基因片段排入自然生态系统后仍存在基因转移的可能性.     

Evaluating the outcomes of genetic rescue attempts

Augmenting gene flow is a powerful tool for the conservation of small, isolated populations. However, genetic rescue attempts have largely been limited to populations at the brink of extinction, in part due to concerns over negative outcomes (e.g., outbreeding depression). Increasing habitat fragmentation may necessitate more proactive genetic management. Broader application of augmented gene flow will, in turn, require rigorous evaluation to increase confidence and identify pitfalls in this approach. To date, there has been no assessment of best monitoring practices for genetic rescue attempts. We used genomically explicit, individual-based simulations to examine the effectiveness of common approaches (i.e., tests for increases in fitness, migrant ancestry, heterozygosity, and abundance) for determining whether genetic rescue or outbreeding depression occurred. Statistical power to detect the effects of gene flow on fitness was high (≥0.8) when effect sizes were large, a finding consistent with those from previous studies on severely inbred populations. However, smaller effects of gene flow on fitness can appreciably affect persistence probability but current evaluation approaches fail to provide results from which reliable inferences can be drawn. The power of the metrics we examined to evaluate genetic rescue attempts depended on the time since gene flow and whether gene flow was beneficial or deleterious. Encouragingly, the use of multiple metrics provided nonredundant information and improved inference reliability, highlighting the importance of intensive monitoring efforts. Further development of best practices for evaluating genetic rescue attempts will be crucial for a responsible transition to increased use of translocations to decrease extinction risk.