小皱蝽抗菌物质的诱导及抗菌肽AMP-2的分离纯化和特性

针刺小皱蝽成虫腹部,诱导免疫防御反应,小皱蝽成虫组织经过浸提、浸提液TFA酸化、超速离心、超滤、固相萃取等分离步骤,平板生长抑制试验检测抗菌活性.在C18Sep-Pak固相萃取柱上,40?N洗脱组分为初样品,经RP-HPLC、GPC-HPLC及填料孔径更小的反相色谱柱纯化,得到0.452mgAMP2样品.琼脂孔扩散法检测AMP2抗菌活性,回收率为4.04%.抗菌肽AMP2在SuperdexPeptide凝胶过滤柱上测得分子量(Mr)为3.2×103,茚三酮反应紫色.AMP2具有一定热稳定性,在pH3～8的乙酸铵缓冲液中抗菌活性强,对检测的动植物病原菌具有广谱抗菌活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌D22、枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC值为2.5μg/mL,对四联球菌的MIC值为5.0μg/mL,AMP2可能为富含脯氨酸的小分子抗菌肽.图3表2参11     

β-甘露聚糖酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的克隆及表达

从Bacillus subtilis JNA 3-10中克隆出β-甘露聚糖酶基因成熟肽链编码序列manA1和含信号肽的β-甘露聚糖酶基因manA2,在B.subtilis 168中克隆表达,分别筛选获得高效分泌表达β-甘露聚糖酶的重组菌株BPM1001(pMA5-manA1/B.subtilis 168)和BPM1002(pMA5-manA2/B.subtilis 168),结果表明菌株BPM1002总酶活力是菌株BPM1001的9.65倍,是原始菌株的13.1倍.在基因manA2下游引入His序列克隆出β-甘露聚糖酶基因manA3,获得枯草芽孢杆菌168重组菌株BPM1003.采用Ni-NTA柱纯化重组菌株BPM1003分泌表达的β-甘露聚糖酶,并研究其酶学性质,该酶促反应的最适pH为6.5,最适温度为65℃,在37℃条件下保存一个月酶活力依然保留有77.8%.5 L发酵罐放大实验结果表明魔芋粉对于产β-甘露聚糖酶具有明显的诱导作用,酶活力最高可达2 748.82 U/mL.图9表3参19     

固定化酶制备方法研究进展

对固定化酶的主要制备方法进行了系统的阐述,根据作者本人的试验经验对目前应用的研究得较多的方法作了详细的说明,对所阐述的各种固定化酶的制备方法的优缺点进行了比较。     

Antifungal activities against toxigenic Fusarium specie and deoxynivalenol adsorption capacity of ion-exchanged zeolites

Zeolites are often used as adsorbents materials and their loaded cations can be exchanged with metal ions in order to add antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to use the 4A zeolite and its derived ion-exchanged forms with Zn²⁺, Li⁺, Cu²⁺ and Co²⁺ in order to evaluate their antifungal properties against Fusarium graminearum, including their capacity in terms of metal ions release, conidia germination and the deoxynivalenol (DON) adsorption. The zeolites ion-exchanged with Li⁺, Cu²⁺, and Co²⁺ showed an excellent antifungal activity against F. graminearum, using an agar diffusion method, with a zone of inhibition observed around the samples of 45.3 ± 0.6 mm, 25.7 ± 1.5 mm, and 24.7 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. Similar results using agar dilution method were found showing significant growth inhibition of F. graminearum for ion-exchanged zeolites with Zn²⁺, Li⁺, Cu²⁺, and Co²⁺. The fungi growth inhibition decreased as zeolite-Cu²⁺>zeolite-Li⁺>zeolite-Co²⁺>zeolite-Zn²⁺. In addition, the conidia germination was strongly affected by ion-exchanged zeolites. With regard to adsorption capacity, results indicate that only zeolite-Li⁺ were capable of DON adsorption significantly (P < 0.001) with 37% at 2 mg mL^?1 concentration. The antifungal effects of the ion-exchanged zeolites can be ascribed to the interactions of the metal ions released from the zeolite structure, especially for zeolite-Li⁺, which showed to be a promising agent against F. graminearum and its toxin.