中华圆田螺抗氧化-代谢酶系统对转cry1Ab/Ac基因抗虫水稻的响应

对生长在不施农药转Bt基因抗虫水稻华恢1号(HH1)、非Bt稻明恢63(MH63)及施药的明恢63(MH63C)3种稻田生境中的中华圆田螺抗氧化系统物质(SOD、CAT、GSH-PX、GSH)及代谢酶(GST、ACP)差异进行了研究.结果表明:HH1稻田生境田螺肝脏和鳃SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活性均高于MH63稻田,其中SOD和CAT活性差异极显著(p＜0.01);肝脏GSH含量和GST活性在HH1和MH63稻田生境中差异不显著;HH1稻田生境中田螺肝脏ACP活性显著高于MH63稻田生境组(p＜0.01).对于MH63C和MH63组,MH63C稻田生境田螺肝脏中SOD、CAT和GST活性均显著提高,而鳃GSH-PX、GST活性和GSH含量在MH63C生境组表现为明显提高.由此可见,转Bt水稻生境可提高田螺抗氧化能力,对解毒酶系统活性没有明显影响,即对田螺未产生明显的毒副作用;而施用农药明显激活田螺抗氧化系统和解毒代谢酶活性.     

PM2.5暴露对大鼠行为学及器官的急性毒理作用

通过气管滴注的方法,研究不同浓度细颗粒物(PM2.5)对运动大鼠行为学及不同器官的毒性作用,探讨PM2.5暴露对运动状态下机体的急性毒理作用及其可能的机制。将32只雄性Wistar SPF(Specific Pathogen Free,SPF)大鼠随机分为运动对照组(EC)、低剂量PM2.57.5 mg·(kg·bw)-1+运动组(LPE)、中剂量PM2.515 mg·(kg·bw)-1+运动组(MPE)、高剂量PM2.530 mg·(kg·bw)-1+运动组(HPE)。采用一次性气管滴注染毒后进行递增负荷跑台训练,利用卒中指数对运动过程中大鼠进行行为学评分,并测定大鼠肺、肝脏、股四头肌组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px),活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS),核转录因子核转录因子kappa B(nuclear factor-B,NF-κΒ)和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,MCP-1)浓度。与运动对照组相比,3个暴露组中大鼠的卒中指数差异均有统计学意义(p0.05或p0.01);PM2.5暴露组GSH-Px下降,差异均有统计学意义(p0.05或p0.01);ROS,NF-κΒ和MCP-1上升差异均有统计学意义(p0.05或p0.01),并呈现出剂量相关性。急性PM2.5暴露可对大鼠行为学产生不利的影响,导致不同器官的抗氧化及免疫指标发生改变,影响机体的运动能力,造成某些生理损伤。     

Acrylamide and its metabolite glycidamide can affect antioxidant defenses and steroidogenesis in Leydig and Sertoli cells

Acrylamide, which is commonly used in various industries, may also form in food products cooked in high temperatures. Glycidamide, the ultimate genotoxic metabolite of acrylamide, is generated within cells through CYP4502E1-mediated epoxidation. Recent studies have shown that acrylamide and/or glycidamide may cause infertility by disrupting spermatogenesis, decreasing germ cell production and sperm fertilization ability due to their toxic effects on the male reproductive system. This study aimed to determine some direct effects of acrylamide and glycidamide on antioxidant defenses and on steroidogenic enzymes of Leydig and Sertoli cells. For this purpose, mouse Leydig and Sertoli cells were exposed to acrylamide (0.01 or 1?mmol/L) or to glycidamide (0.001 or 0.5?mmol/L) for 24?h. Following the exposure, antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase), cellular antioxidant levels (glutathione) and steroidogenic enzyme activities (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) were calculated. It was shown that acrylamide and glycidamide may cause inhibition of antioxidant and steroidogenic enzymes in Leydig and Sertoli cells. In conclusion, acrylamide and glycidamide may alter testicular function, thereby disrupting male reproduction.     

Biomarkers as tools to assess the chronic toxicity of ammonia in the juvenile Mugil cephalus

With juvenile fish as the subject, the effects of low concentration ammonia on antioxidant system were studied using Mugil cephalus. Samples of gill and liver tissue were obtained from 0.35, 0.70, 1.5 and 3?mg/L ammonia groups at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days of exposure, at which times the biomarkers were measured. Results showed that gill malondialdehyde (MDA) content exhibited an initial significant increase (p?≤?0.05) at unionised ammonia concentrations of 0.70, 1.5 and 3.0?mg/L on day 5, followed by subsequent declines, while liver MDA levels exhibited significant increases (p?≤?0.05) at unionised ammonia concentrations of 1.5?mg/L starting on day 10 and at 3.0?mg/L starting on day 5. With exposure to ammonia at different concentrations, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity in liver and gill decreased over time. The Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity was negatively related to ammonia concentration from 0.70 to 3.0?mg/L. Overall, our results show that MDA and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, evaluated here as potential biomarkers of ammonia exposure, exhibited responses to sublethal concentrations of ammonia that were concentration dependent.     

氟对中华圆田螺肝胰脏抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量的影响

选取中华圆田螺为受试动物,探究氟对其肝胰脏抗氧化酶SOD、GSH、POD活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果显示,在不同浓度水氟环境条件下(0、40、80、160 mg·L~(-1))连续暴露10 d、20 d和30 d时,与对照组相比,中华圆田螺肝胰脏SOD活性在暴露前20 d,中低浓度组活性被诱导升高,高浓度组受抑制降低。暴露30 d时,中低浓度组活性降低,高浓度组逐渐升高。MDA含量在暴露前20 d时,中低浓度组活性整体被诱导升高,高浓度组受抑制降低。暴露30 d时,MDA含量受到显著抑制均低于对照组。GSH活性以诱导为主均高于对照组,POD活性在10 d时均低于对照组,而在20 d时被诱导升高且均高于对照组,30 d时中高浓度以抑制为主。上述研究结果为水质污染控制及生态风险评价提供了基础数据。     

Interactive e ect of dissolved organic matter and phenanthrene on soil enzymatic activities

The investigation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity in a phenanthrene (Phe)- contaminated soil was conducted under laboratory incubation conditions. Values of soil enzymatic activity depended mainly on incubation time. In the initial 16 days, urease activity increased, and was followed by a decrease. In the initial 8 days, catalase activity decreased and then increased. Variation of polyphenol oxidase activity was just the reverse of catalase activity. After 30 days of incubation, no pronounced di erence among treatments with Phe, Phe and DOM, and control were detected in urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity. Phe might inhibit urease and catalase, and stimulate polyphenol oxidase. DOM could improve inhibition of Phe in soil urease and catalase activity during the initial period of applying DOM. Nevertheless, DOM had no significant e ect on polyphenol oxidase activity in the Phe contaminated soil. There was a negative correlation between catalase and polyphenol oxidase (r = –0.761***), and catalase and urease (r = –0.554**). Additionally, a positive correlation between polyphenol oxidase and urease was also detected (r = 0.701***). It is implied that the formed DOM after application of organic wastes into soils may counteract the inhibition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil enzyme activities.     

镉胁迫下缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)抗氧化酶活性及DNA损伤的研究

通过重金属暴露法,研究了不同质量浓度Cd2+在96 h内对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)消化腺和鳃组织三种抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、GSH-Px)活性的影响及DNA的损伤.结果显示:暴露的短时间内Cd2+对缢蛏两种组织SOD和CAT的激活作用随Cd2+浓度的升高而升高,最高浓度组(0.1 mg/...     

亚致死剂量铜对蚯蚓P450酶和抗氧化酶活性的长期影响

以赤子爱胜蚓(Eiseniafetida)为供试生物,通过人工污染草甸棕壤的方法,研究了暴露于含有亚致死剂量Cu(100、200、300、400mg·kg-1)的土壤中8周时间内蚯蚓体内细胞色素P450含量、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化.结果显示,各指标在暴露1周时均无显著变化,但在第8周时各指标均受到显著抑制.P450含量在100mg·kg-1剂量水平下暴露2周时表现出显著的诱导效应;GST、SOD和CAT活性则均在第3周开始表现出显著的诱导效应,且SOD和CAT在100mg·kg-1剂量下即出现诱导现象,而GST则在200mg·kg-1剂量下显现诱导现象.暴露时间大于4周时,P450含量及GST活性开始表现出抑制效应,SOD及CAT活性则在暴露大于6周后显现抑制效应.以上指标对污染物的响应模式为:无显著变化→诱导→抑制.铜是蚯蚓生长的必需元素,蚯蚓自身对Cu的适应机制,以及对铜的长期摄取能危害蚯蚓正常代谢可解释上述响应模式产生的原因.但各指标在对毒性的响应敏感性上存在差异,其中,P450响应最为敏感,而SOD、CAT最不敏感.因此,在生态毒性诊断时,应选择不同指标作为一套指标体系相互补充,以增强污染诊断的灵敏性及长期诊断性.     

秦岭中段不同恢复阶段弃耕农田植物多样性变化及其驱动因素

植被恢复过程往往伴随着显著的地上植物多样性的变化,探讨枯落物养分-土壤养分-酶活性化学计量对地上植被变化的驱动机制,对于维持区域生物多样性保护和生态稳定至关重要.以秦岭不同恢复年限（1、8、16、31和50 a）的典型弃耕农田为研究对象,通过野外调查分析了植被恢复过程中植物群落多样性的变化特征,测定了枯落物养分、土壤养分、β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）、纤维二糖水解酶（CBH）、β-1,4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）、亮氨酸氨基肽酶（LAP）和酸性磷酸酶（AP）这5种胞外酶活性等指标,探讨了植被恢复过程中枯落物养分、土壤养分和酶活性化学计量比的变化特征及其对植物多样性变化的驱动机制.结果表明：植物群落多样性指数随植被恢复年限增加均呈先减小后增大的趋势,在恢复16 a时最小;主成分分析结果表明,植被恢复不同年限植物群落多样性指数及枯落物-土壤-酶化学计量特征之间有显著区别,植物群落多样性指数与枯落物碳磷比及枯落物氮磷比具有强烈的正相关关系,而与土壤酶碳磷比（EEA C∶P）具有明显的负相关关系;冗余分析结果表明EEA C∶P对植被恢复过程中植物多样性变化的解释率最高,为25.93%,其次为土壤全磷（TP）,解释率为5.94%,是调控植物多样性变化的关键因子.综上所述,秦岭中段弃耕农田植被恢复后期植物种类和数量明显增多,土壤环境的变化影响了微生物的代谢活动从而改变了酶活性,枯落物-土壤-土壤胞外酶通过反馈与调节对群落环境和植物多样性产生影响,EEA C∶P和TP是植被恢复过程中地上植物多样性变化的主要驱动因素.     

二月桂酸二丁基锡对大鼠睾酮及合成关键酶的影响

用玉米油或二月桂酸二丁基锡[DBTD0.01,0.1,1mg/(kg·d)体重]对新生雄性Wistar大鼠连续5d注射染毒.至大鼠出生后第49d,检测其血清睾酮,细胞色素胆固醇侧链裂解酶(P450scc)、3β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3β-HSD)和细胞色素P450 17-α脱羟基酶(Cyp17)这3种睾酮合成关键酶mRNA表达及脏器系数.结果表明,大鼠血清睾酮随DBTD剂量升高呈上升趋势,1mg/(kg·d)组与对照组比较有显著性差异;P450scc和3β-HSD mRNA相对表达无显著性变化,Cyp17在0.1mg/(kg·d)组的相对表达有显著性升高;1mg/(kg·d)组大鼠睾丸脏器系数有显著性升高,而各DBTD处理组附睾和肝脏脏器系数与对照组比较无显著性变化.