试论西藏一江两河地区综合防护林体系建设

本文通过林业建设环境分析、论证,提出一江两河地区综合防护林体系建设的战略构想:在认真保护、科学经营现有森林资源的基础上,以拉萨河、雅鲁藏布江中段、年楚河谷地为主线,重点建设沿江防护林带,构成防护林体系的主要骨架;在河谷农田草场加速防护林网建设,完成防护林体系的网络结构;依土地条件积极营造薪炭林,适当发展用材林和四旁植树(含林卡和经济果树等),完善防护林体系的带网片结,建立起我国高原最大的综合防护林体系,保护好地理环境独特的高寒农业区和“世界第三极”。     

广州市城市林业管理信息系统的研制开发

将ＧＩＳ技术引进技术林业研究，建立广州市城市林业管理信息系统，该系统具有采集，管理，分析和更新多种区域空间信息的能力，其分六个子系统，公园管理子系统，绿地管理子系统、市郊森林管理子系统、管理机构管理子系统，法规文件管理子系统。可以文字，数据，报表，图形，录像和声音等方式输入、存储、显示、输出绿化系统各类信息，并能随时查阅，检索、修改、录入、删除各类信息。     

中芬林业合作第十次会议的报告及启示

中芬林业合作自1994年以来，确定了生物多样性保护、亚热带森林生物多样性、洞庭湖湿地保护和培训等为合作的重点和优先领域．本文在简要回顾中芬林业合作特别是落实第九次中芬林业合作的基础上，着重介绍了第十次会议的8项主要成果、6点主要体会与6条建议。     

桉树成林无性系转化试验研究

通过近两年的桉树成林无性系转化试验,结果表明,桉树成林无性系之间扦插成活率差异显著:夏季扦插成活率高于秋季,且生根时间短,便于管理;不同浓度的ABT生根粉对桉树扦插成活率有极显著影响,以ABT(1号)生根粉100PPM浸泡3小时为最佳;不同年龄的枝条对桉树扦插成活率有显著影响,其中以当年生半木质化枝条扦插成活率为最高.     

林业的社会与自然协调发展--林业社会化发展方式

我国林业发展没有取得令人满意效果的主要原因是社会系统与自然系统不能协调发展.土地所有者虚位、国家投入不足、急功近利等都是人组成的社会系统这一控制主体自以为是的结果.树立人与自然是"伙伴关系"的观念,针对社会系统出现的与自然系统不协调的问题采取对策,采取林业社会化发展方式,必将实现林业的社会与自然协调发展.     

A data support infrastructure for Clean Development Mechanism forestry implementation: an inventory perspective from Cameroon

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) forestry project development requires highly multi-disciplinary and multiple-source information that can be complex, cumbersome and costly to acquire. Yet developing countries in which CDM projects are created and implemented are often data poor environments and unable to meet such complex information requirements. Using Cameroon as an example, the present paper explores the structure of an enabling host country data support infrastructure for CDM forestry implementation, and also assesses the supply potential of current forestry information. Results include a conceptual data model of CDM project data needs; the list of meso- and macro-level data and information requirements (Demand analysis); and an inventory of relevant data available in Cameroon (Supply analysis). From a comparison of demand and supply, we confirm that data availability and the relevant infrastructure for data or information generation is inadequate for supporting carbon forestry at the micro, meso and macro-levels in Cameroon. The results suggest that current CDM afforestation and reforestation information demands are almost impenetrable for local communities in host countries and pose a number of cross-scale barriers to project adoption. More importantly, we identify proactive regulatory, institutional and capacity building policy strategies for forest data management improvements that could enhance biosphere carbon management uptake in poor countries. CDM forestry information research needs are also highlighted.     

Spot遥感影像照片在森林资源二类调查上的应用

为了提高森林资源二类调查质量,提高工作效率,辽宁省森林资源二类调查改变以往的地形图调绘、实测等传统调绘方法,利用法国Spot5遥感影像照片作为外业调绘的图面资料,结合现地调查,取得较好效果。Spot5遥感影像经PCI软件处理后具有明显特征,根据遥感影像中各地类的色调、形状、阴影、纹理、位置、大小等特征直接沿影像特征的边缘准确勾划出地类界线,即可完成森林资源二类调查野外调绘工作。大大降低了野外调绘人员的劳动强度,省时、省工、省钱。     

农村森林防火存在"五缺"、亟待"十改"

经实地调查发现,农村森林防火工作中存在"不管、不扑、不报、不查、不恢复"五个现象,其原因主要在于农村森林防火存在"五缺",即缺人管、缺钱管、缺健全的法制、缺责任制的真实约束和缺激励机制,缺先进扑火设备.由此笔者认为农村森林防火亟待"十改",即,改"五长负责制"为"各级党政一把手负责制"、改"防盗为主"为"防火为主"、改"入海战术"为"精兵上阵"、改"死拼硬打"为"确保生命安全为前提的灵活战术"等等.     

Losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural and forest areas in Finland during the 1980s and 1990s

The temporal changes and spatial variability of phosphorus andnitrogen losses and concentrations in Finland during the period1981–1997 were studied in 15 small agricultural and forestedcatchments. In addition, four coastal river basins with highagricultural land use located in southern Finland were includedin the study in order to assess the representativeness ofagricultural loss estimates from small agricultural catchments.The mean annual loss specific for agricultural land was estimatedto be on average 110 kg km^-2 a^-1 for total phosphorusand 1500 kg km^-2 a^-1 for total nitrogen. The resultsfrom small agricultural catchments were in agreement with thecorresponding loss estimates from rivers, with an average of137 kg km^-2 a^-1 for total phosphorus and 1800 kg km^-2a^-1 for total nitrogen. The results from the studiedagricultural catchments and rivers during the period 1981–1997suggest that weather-driven fluctuation in discharge was usuallythe main reason for changes in nutrient losses, and little or noimpact of changes in agricultural production or managementpractises can be observed. In forested areas the total phosphorusloss (average 9 kg km^-2 a^-1) and total nitrogen loss(average 250 kg km^-2 a^-1) were lower than inagricultural areas. In forested catchments the impact of forestryoperations, such as clear-cutting and fertilization, and theimpact of atmospheric nitrogen deposition can be seen in changesin nutrient losses.     

A comparison of fixed-site and non-fixed-site approaches for species protection

The efficacy of simultaneously advancing two distinct conceptual designs (referred to here as fixed-site and non-fixed-site) for species conservation and protection is addressed. In the literature, numerous models can be found that typically stem from a particular design, but rarely are comparisons made between approaches. This paper presents a more integrated optimization framework that models landowner behavior and species viabilities at a landscape scale. Regional demand for resource extraction is used as the economic driver, a variant of simulated annealing is used to solve the model under different species protection approaches, and a detailed species population simulator is utilized to measure biological responses. When directly comparing the outcomes of different species protection strategies from a case study in Oregon (USA), it was found that neither approach was universally superior in terms of financial value or degree of protection for two late seral forest dependent species.