河西走廊中部荒漠植被的生态学研究

根据对河西走廊中部荒漠植被的调查，对荒漠植被进行了分类及生态学描述，重点讨论了荒漠植被对改善河西走廊中部农村生态环境的作用，提出了保护和利用荒漠植被的措施及改善生态环境的途径。     

水生细菌对原生动物的反捕食对策

The research progress in the defense strategies of aquatic bacteria to protozoa was reviewed in this paper, Aquatic bacteria can reduce or avoid grazing mortality from protozoa through changing size or shape, reducing cell surface hydrophobieity, reducing mobility or searching refuges. It is the main trends of the field in the future to study the coevolution mode of aquatic bacteria and protozoa. Ref 47     

水生态修复对莲花湖底栖动物群落的影响

武汉莲花湖是典型的富营养化城市浅水湖泊．通过对其进行16mo的监测后发现，治理后的小莲花湖比大莲花湖水质有明显改善．监测期间小莲花湖底栖动物密度和生物量均值明显高于大莲花湖，Shannon多样性指数与Margalef多样性指数也高于大莲花湖．将大、小莲花湖的10种环境因子和底栖动物密度进行典型相关分析后，发现总磷、温度、总氮、叶绿素a、氨离子是对底栖动物群落具有显著性影响的环境因子．图8表3参20.     

台湾泥岩地区不同刺竹林景观下之土壤与植被变异

台湾西南部泥岩恶地,由于其特殊之土壤,地力流失消耗与区域微气候型态之间的因果循环,在水土保持与景观上形成不易植生绿化的地区及特殊之世界地形。泥岩地区之不同刺林林相之土壤,其林相皆伐后复层植被区土壤性质变异高于其它位置,而其它区之土壤理化性质在时间及空间上之变异不大,可明显区分林相不同之显著差异。不同林相对泥岩地浅层土壤(0~20cm)理化性质的差异,以植物营养元素与植生覆盖因子可充分说明(约占变异范围之62%)。泥岩试区区中移动性物质(交换性钙、钠与镁)明显较少出现在复层林相处区,而易出现于淋洗、冲蚀量较大之刺林相保留区与隔丛择伐区。长效性植物营养元素因子(pH值与有效性磷),因长时间之林相不同,使其较明显趋于复层林相区堆积,并影响地表植生之种类、分布与覆盖情形。0～20cm土壤性质的分布和离子间的移动特性有关,移动性高的钠、镁离子会在冲蚀量高之区域出现,20～40cm土壤性质的分布则和土壤中之母质与植生有关并与因素分析结果相似,其次为可移动性离子的影响,且应用地理统计印证土壤性质在空间之变化,其分布确实与不同林相位置有关,即植生营养元素(pH值、有效性磷)大都朝向复层植被区之趋势。典型相关分析结果,地表覆盖度与入侵植物数量两变量主要系透过第一个典型因素与第二个典型因素而影响到复层植被区之pH值、有机质等土壤理化性质。     

天然水体中有机酸当量浓度的确定方法

本文根据天然水体中溶解有机在碳与化学需氧量和生化需氧量之间的相关性，以及有机酸当量和水体溶解有机碳之间的近似定量关系，提出了由化学需氧量或生化需氧量得到溶解有机碳或总有机碳浓度，最终得到有机酸和有机酸根当量浓度的转换方法，为大区域天然水体有机酸碱缓冲作用的评估提供了一个实用的转换途径。     

Structure and function of the eversible glands of the aquatic firefly <Emphasis Type="Italic">Luciola leii</Emphasis> (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

Summary. When attacked or otherwise disturbed, larvae of the aquatic firefly Luciola leii display fork-shaped glands laterally from the meso- and metathorax as well as each abdominal segment. Glandular eversion is accompanied by a strong pine oil-like odour, thanatosis and glowing from paired larval light organs. Observations by SEM and TEM revealed that there are numerous, almost spherical protuberances, measuring 9 μm in diameter on the surface of each gland. Each protuberance is connected to a well developed secretory cell via a 0.1 μm thick and 0.2 μm long stalk and bears three to six 7 μm long spines on its apex. The convoluted glandular walls measure 0.2 μm. The cytoplasm of the secretory cells is characterized by the presence of numerous mitochondria and an extensive system of cisternae and tubular endoplasmic reticulum. Preliminary GC-MS analysis of the glandular secretion revealed two volatile terpenoids: terpinolene and γ-terpinene. Choice and no-choice bioassays involving fish and ants as well as other predators demonstrate that the secretions serve as an effective deterrent against a range of ecologically relevant enemies. The larval postural adjustments, light emission, everted glands, and glandular release of distasteful or repellent compounds, appear to function as a multi-modal, aposematic larval defence. The tandem evolution of glandular secretions and conspicuousness in larval fireflies could partially explain their successful radiation into both aquatic and terrestrial habitats.     

城市绿化中选择净化空气的植物配植

文章叙述了在城市绿化中选择净化空气的植物配植的方法、原则，介绍了几种对大气污染吸收净化能力强的植物种类，和室内选择净化空气的花草。     

Conservation of Vascular Epiphyte Diversity in Mexican Coffee Plantations

Abstract:  Coffee plantations have replaced many lower-montane forests in the Neotropics, and ongoing intensification is converting traditional polycultures with a variety of shade trees to plantations with no or monospecific shade trees. To evaluate the impact of coffee cultivation on epiphyte diversity, I surveyed vascular epiphytes on shade trees in nine different coffee plantations and compared records with those in four natural forests in central Veracruz, Mexico. Eighty-nine species occurred in coffee plantations, and 104 species occurred in natural forests. The number of epiphytic species in traditional polycultures with old shade trees, mostly of the genus Inga , was similar to that in forests, but plantations with small trees and sparse shade hosted fewer epiphytes than those with large trees. Epiphyte communities were, however, more homogeneous in coffee plantations than in forests, possibly because of a drier microclimate and the lack of large and long-lived trees. These results demonstrate the value of traditional polycultures for epiphyte diversity, show the importance of conserving large shade trees, and suggest that these coffee systems may not be suitable for all epiphytes.