γ—BHC在水相模拟生态系中的分布和异构化

γ－ＢＨＣ在水体中消失一半所需的时间为１６．８ｄ。水生生物都能很快地从水体中吸收γ－ＢＨＣ，并迅速达到最大体内浓度。其中，以鱼体内浓度最高，螺次之，浮萍和金鱼藻少。γ－ＢＨＣ在水生生物体内也能产生异构化，主要异构化产物为α、δ－ＢＨＣ。但它们的异构化率都低于０．０３％。     

OH自由基绝对标定系统的建立和研究

利用H2 O在 1 85nm紫外光照射下产生定量OH自由基 ,用低压扩散激光诱导荧光技术建立了OH自由基标定系统 .在实验条件下 ,体系产生OH自由基的浓度范围为 3× 1 0 7— 2× 1 0 9个·cm- 3,得到归一化荧光信号 (S)与OH自由基浓度的定量关系为S =6 0 4× 1 0 - 9[OH]- 0 0 4 0 7(R2 =0 987) ,并研究和讨论了饱和效应以及体系中可能存在的干扰 .     

水中硝基苯的快速气相色谱测定

直接进水样气相色谱法快速测定水中的硝基苯，分别采用2％QF－1＋1．5OV－1ChromosorbWAW－DMCS（80-100目）（Ⅰ）和5％聚乙醇-6000101白色担体（40－60目）（Ⅱ）为固定相的两种不锈钢柱，FID检测器，对硝基苯完成分离，本法进样4μl的检测限为0．25mg／L，能满足应急污染监测的需要。对柱Ⅰ，提出了一种改善分离的方法．     

Electrokinetic movement of multiple chlorobenzenes in contaminated soils in the presence of β-cyclodextrin

This study investigated the electrokinetic (EK) behavior of multiple chlorobenzenes, including 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB), 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (i-TeCB), and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (TCB) in contaminated clayed soils. The effect of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on the EK removal of the chlorobenzenes was studied. The largest removal was obtained when Na2CO3/NaHCO3 buffer was used as anodic purging solution without β-CD. The removal efficiencies were related to the aqueous solubilities of chlorobenzenes. With the same cumulative electroosmotic flow, greater solubility led to higher removal efficiency. The addition of β-CD inhibited the EK removal efficiency of all chlorobenzenes. The inhibition increased with the increase of β-CD concentration. With the same β-CD concentration, the inhibition increased with the rise of electric potential. It was found that the inclusion compounds between β-CD and chlorobenzenzes were less soluble than chlorobenzenes. The formation of the less soluble inclusion compounds reduced the aqueous solubility of chlorobenzenes and led to the partial immobilization of the chlorobenzenes that desorbed from soil. It was feasible to use the EK technology to remove chlorobenzenes in contaminated soils using water as the anodic flushing solution. The addition of β-CD was not recommended for the EK removal of chlorobenzenes.     

气候环境实验室的温度校准及不确定度评定

目的解决气候环境实验室超大空间温度性能的校准问题。方法通过对实验室结构及气流组织进行分析,确定实验室有效空间内温度不均匀性及波动度概率较大位置,设计实验室温度校准方案。通过数据采集系统,对实验室温度数据进行采集,并对温度校准的不确定来源进行分析,评定气候环境实验室温度性能及扩展不确定度。结果以低温工况-50℃及高温工况50℃数据分析为例,气候环境实验室在低温-50℃时,室内温度平均值处于-48.67^-50.27℃范围内的可信度是95%;在50℃时,室内温度平均值处于48.57~50.77℃范围内的可信度是95%。结论气候环境实验室温度性能校准方法可实现对超大空间实验室温度性能的校准,并验证了气候环境实验室温度的均匀性及波动度等技术指标满足其设计要求。     

反硝化滤池的数值模拟与模型校正

建立了反硝化滤池中试系统,在滤速8m/h,进水C/N分别为4和5两种工况条件下运行,考察其反硝化处理效果,结果表明在进水C/N=5条件下,出水TN浓度由14.52mg/L下降为7.14mg/L.应用BioWin软件,构建了反硝化滤池中试系统的模型,基于滤速8m/h,进水C/N=5条件下的运行数据,应用常规灵敏度分析法(Si,j)和均方根灵敏度分析法( ),对BioWin软件中的412个参数进行了灵敏度分析,结果表明,对反硝化滤池中试系统模拟结果影响最为显著的两类参数为:与甲基营养菌有关的计量学参数及与生物膜有关的参数.根据灵敏度分析结果,选取5个灵敏度最高的参数,通过调整参数值对所构建的反硝化滤池模型进行了校正,应用于滤速8m/h,进水C/N=5条件下的运行模拟取得了较好的效果.最后应用校正模型对滤速8m/h,进水C/N=4条件下的运行结果进行模拟,结果表明模拟值与实测值同样能够较好地吻合.由此得出结论,本研究所构建的反硝化滤池中试系统模型及基于灵敏度分析的模型校正方法是有效的,可用于实际反硝化滤池工艺的模拟.     

Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by sawdust adsorption

The adsorption of lead, cadmium and nicel from aqueous solution by sawdust of walnut was investigated. The effect of contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature on metal ions removal has been studied. The equilibrium time was found to be of the order of 60 min. Kinetics fit pseudo first-order, second-order and intraparticle diffusion models, hence adsorption rate constants were calculated. The adsorption data of metal ions at temperatures of 25, 45 and 60~C have been described by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic parameters such as energy, entropy and enthalpy changes for the adsorption of heavy metal ions have also been computed and discussed. Ion exchange is probably one of the major adsorption mechanisms for binding divalent metal ions to the walnut sawdust. The selectivity order of the adsorbent is Pb（I1）~Cd（II）〉Ni（I1）. From these results, it can be concluded that the sawdust of walnut could be a good adsorbent for the metal ions from aqueous solutions.     

Copper biosorption on immobilized seaweed biomass： Column breakthrough characteristics

The biosorption of copper by the brown seaweed Sargassum baccularia,immobilized onto polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)gel beads, was investigated with fixed-bed experiments.Laboratory-scale column tests were performed to determine breakthrough curves with varying flow rates and feed concentrations.A theoretical fixed-bed model,known as the Bohart-Adams equation,was evaluated in simulating the experimental breakthrough curves.The Bohart-Adams model qualitatively predicted the breakthrough trends.PVA- immobilized seaweed biomass beads were amenable to efficient regeneration with aqueous solution containing the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA).The biosorbent retained most of its original uptake capacity over three cycles of use.The excellent reusability of the biosorbent could lead to the development of a viable metal remediation technology.     

社区治安高危人员异常轨迹识别与预警方法研究

为解决社区治安高危人员异常轨迹难以实时感知、精确识别、及时预警的问题,对社区治安高危人员动态轨迹进行标定,并建立动态轨迹序列化模型,通过序列化模型构建动态行为链;根据静态身份属性与动态轨迹时空特征信息,建立异常轨迹分析模型.结果表明:动态轨迹标定可实现对GPS轨迹数据高效、准确标定;异常轨迹分析模型可实现异常轨迹识别与...     

化学分析方法校准曲线有关问题的探讨

校准曲线的线性范围为测定下限与测定上限之间的浓度范围,测定上限应尽可能扩大,但要保证校准曲线呈线性,同时,最高点分析后不会对分析系统造成污染物残留。通常应根据分析方法原理、仪器的特点和样品基质情况来确定校准方式。对于线性校准曲线,除了相关系数外,还要根据不同情况,对校准曲线进行检验。校准曲线的合格判定,除考虑相关系数外,还需要用校准曲线重新计算校准点,对于线性校准,所有校准点计算结果拟合值与实际值的相对误差应在±30%以内,对于非线性二阶校准曲线,应进行最大值与最小值检验。