使用冷藏精液进行大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）人工授精

使用在4℃冷藏24 h和48 h的精液对5岁的雌性大熊猫妃妃进行了人工授精,以保持圈养大熊猫的遗传多样性. 供精者乐乐是一只患皮肤癌的雄性大熊猫,睾丸体积为(386.1±214) cm3,在2000-02-23～05-11期间,4次人工采精刺激电压5～8 V,射精电压5～8 V,每次采精量(3.2±1.2) mL,精子密度为(1 208.5±564.9)×106/mL-1,每次精子总量(3 908.3±2 546.6)×106,精液平均活力为84.8%±4.1%,活率为87.8%±5.2%,运动状态为2.9±0.25,畸形率为28.3%±11.1%,平均顶体正常率为96%±1%,pH值为7.9±0.3.乐乐的精液用TEST稀释后,在4℃冷藏24 h、48 h和72 h后,精子活力分别是65%,58%和47%,精子的活率分别为73%,73%和68%.用酶免法对雌兽妃妃尿液中雌激素的检测,发现妃妃的雌激素在发情前期开始增加,在发情前期的最后一天达到最大峰值,在发情期(4月3日～5日)迅速下降到正常值,进行人工授精的最佳时间是在雌兽尿液中的雌激素达到最大峰值后的48～72 h之间.妃妃在2000-08-10顺利地产下一仔,雌性,妊娠期127 d,初生幼仔179.3 g. 图1 表3 参19     

浙江省H市水处理及供水系统4种人工甜味剂的分布特征

以浙江省某市的饮用水及污水处理系统为主要调研对象,通过固相萃取-高效液相色谱(solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography, SPE-HPLC)法展开了生活污水处理系统、水源、饮用水处理及供水系统中常见人工甜味剂的浓度调查.结果表明,SPE-HPLC可准确测定水中安赛蜜、糖精、阿斯巴甜和纽甜,检测限分别为57、 120、 170和47μg·L^-1,定量限分别为190、 400、 567和157μg·L^-1;PWAX柱固相萃取优化后,安赛蜜与糖精的回收率分别提高到86.5%和97.7%,而纽甜的回收率略下降至66.5%.生活污水中安赛蜜、糖精与纽甜的检出率可达100.0%,阿斯巴甜检出率仅为33.3%, 4种人工甜味剂的最高浓度为0.83、 4.52、 1.22和7.57μg·L^-1.水源水中安赛蜜、糖精、阿斯巴甜和纽甜最高检出浓度为22.94、 39.17、 0.73和8.92μg·L^-1,检出率为分别为72.7%、 90...     

Droplet size spectra and deposits of two aerially sprayed Bacillus thuringiensis formulations on artificial samplers and live foliage

Abstract

Two commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (BTK), Foray^® 48B and Thuricide^® 48LV, were applied aerially over nine spray blocks in a hardwood forest in West Virginia in 1991. Droplet spectra and spray mass deposits were determined using water‐sensitive paper strips (WSPS), glass micro‐fiber filters (GMFFs), glass plates and castor oil. Mass deposits of BTK were also assessed on natural foliage by two bioassay methods, i.e., feeding of homogenized foliage containing a starch‐sucrose solution and force‐feeding bioassay of foliar extracts containing re‐dissolved protein precipitate. Deposits on canopy foliage and ground samplers were also assessed by total protein assay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Droplet spectra on the WSPS were different from those on castor oil. Droplets on horizontal ground WSPS were larger than those on vertical ground WSPS. WSPS placed at canopy level collected more droplets than those at ground level. The total protein deposits (ng/cm²) were consistently higher on all blocks than the delta‐endotoxin protein deposits. Spray mass recovery on the ground samplers were low, and ranged from 2.9 to 8.0% of the applied rates.     

大型活动拥挤踩踏事故BP神经网络安全评估方法应用分析

根据大型活动拥挤踩踏事故是一个极其复杂的多因素、多变量、多层次的人-机-环境系统,利用数学建模的思路,引入人工神经网络评估方法;以沈阳世博会开幕式为例,通过前馈型BP网络训练和测试,将开幕式举办过程中的人员拥挤踩踏事故风险系统划分为人的因素、物的因素、环境因素、管理因素4个子系统和拥挤踩踏事故综合评估总系统,分别对其进行拟合分析,在各个系统的拟合残差满足条件的情况下,得出量化的评估预测值及BP神经网络的使用范围.研究实例表明,BP神经网络评估结果直观易懂,可操作性强,是值得推广运用的一种评估方法.     

人工增雨与农业水资源开发探讨

在分析我国水资源状况的基础上,针对我国淡水资源短缺问题,提出要充分利用人工增雨手段,开发空中水资源,以缓解水资源的短缺。     

Prediction of primary energy demand in China based on AGAEDE optimal model

In this article,we present an application of Adaptive Genetic Algorithm Energy Demand Estimation(AGAEDE) optimal model to improve the efficiency of energy demand prediction.The coefficients of the two forms of the model(both linear and quadratic) are optimized by AGA using factors,such as GDP,population,urbanization rate,and RD inputs together with energy consumption structure,that affect demand.Since the spurious regression phenomenon occurs for a wide range of time series analysis in econometrics,we also discuss this problem for the current artificial intelligence model.The simulation results show that the proposed model is more accurate and reliable compared with other existing methods and the China's energy demand will be 5.23 billion TCE in 2020 according to the average results of the AGAEDE optimal model.Further discussion illustrates that there will be great pressure for China to fulfill the planned goal of controlling energy demand set in the National Energy Demand Project(2014—2020).     

多年冻土区工程迹地人工恢复区植物和土壤的矿质元素含量特征

选择青藏高原多年冻土区工程迹地的人工恢复植物和紫花针茅草原的优势植物以及对应的土壤样品进行对照,利用原子吸收法分析了它们的矿质元素含量特征。结果表明：多年冻土区工程迹地人工恢复区植物的元素含量：＞1 000 μg/g的元素有Ca、P和Na,100～1 000 μg/g的元素有Mn、K、Fe、Mg和Al;而对照紫花针茅草原优势植物的元素含量：＞1 000 μg/g的元素有Ca和Na,100～1 000 μg/g的元素有P、Mn、K、Fe、Mg和Al。人工恢复区土壤元素含量：＞1 000 μg/g的元素有Ca、Fe和Mn,100～1000 μg/g的元素有Mg、K、Al、P和Na;对照紫花针茅草原土壤元素含量：＞1 000 μg/g的元素有Ca、Fe,100～1 000 μg/g的元素有Mn、Mg、Al、K、P和Na。该区域植物和土壤元素含量都属于Ca > K 型。人工恢复植物和对照的紫花针茅草原植物对土壤元素的吸收能力具有较高的相似性。K和Al元素的累积与其他元素没有显著的相关关系,其他元素之间为正相关关系,元素之间的吸收累积属于协同作用,无明显的撷抗作用     

Anthropogenic influences on a mediterranean Nature Reserve: modelling and forecasting

The lagoon of Biguglia (northeastern Corsica) is one of a number Nature Reserve. Anthropogenic activities are increasing over its watershed however. The present study aims to examine the state of health of the lagoon with the example of two pollutants (Cd and Cu). Water samples were collected in spring and summer 1997. The trace metal fluxes between the various compartments were measured. Transfer processes from the watershed to the lagoon were also examined. The temporal evolution of Cd and Cu content is assessed on the one hand by comparing the present data with former reference work (1992). On the other hand, a 5-box model is implemented in order to reduce the complex functioning of the lagoon to a system of differential equations. With the help of a numerical resolution method, the increase of metallic concentration levels is estimated since 1992. On the basis of 1997 data, two hypotheses are compared. The hypothesis that takes into account a growing increase of anthropogenic activities on the watershed gives, by extrapolation, results that are closer to field measurements. However, even with this hypothesis, the cadmium content in the lagoon is underestimated. This may signify that for this metal the evolution of the lagoon pollution is more important than a linear increase.     

水处理污泥处理处置研究进展

污水污泥是城市废水处理后的终端产物,既是一种生物质原料,可以被有效地资源化和能源化,同时又含有大量有毒有害物质,如何妥善地处理处置污水污泥,已成为全社会关注的课题。浅析了污水污泥的处理处置方法以及当前的研究热点和新技术。污泥处理处置的发展方向为减量化、稳定化,以及在无害化前提下的资源化、能源化。     

神经网络模型在环境监测机构编制管理中的应用研究

根据非线性化现代神经元理论 ,以湖北省三、四级环境监测站为例 ,建立了神经网络定量测算人员编制的模型。研究确立了反向传播 BP模型在测算人员编制中的应用方法及技术路线。采用所建模型对某部门、某单位人员编制测算具有操作方便灵活 ,准确可靠以及实用性、通用性和动态可操作性特点。不仅可指导环保系统机构实现科学化定编、定员 ,同时对其他事业单位编制的规范化管理亦有参考意义。