模拟酸雨淋溶条件下紫壤淋出液中溶解性有机质的三维荧光特性

运用三维荧光技术分析了模拟酸雨淋溶紫壤淋出液中溶解性有机质（dissolved organic matter,DOM）的组分与酸度及淋溶量的关系.研究结果表明,模拟酸雨淋溶紫壤淋出液中DOM荧光峰主要为类胡敏酸和类富里酸,荧光峰的中心位于Ex/Em=305—370 nm/420—450 nm和Ex/Em=260—270...     

鹰潭市酸雨污染现状、趋势与成因分析

采用2001-2010年降水监测数据,全面系统地研究分析鹰潭市酸雨污染现状、变化规律,并从环境空气质量、区域污染物输送、气象因素和土壤性质等方面探讨酸雨形成的主要原因,得出区域输送是鹰潭市酸雨污染的主要因素。     

模拟酸雨与重金属复合胁迫对绞股蓝生长及根际微生物的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了不同pH值的模拟酸雨与Zn(30和400 mg.kg-1)、Cd(1和15 mg.kg-1)单独或复合胁迫对绞股蓝(Gynostemma pentaphyllum)药用成分——总皂甙含量以及根际土壤微生物数量和组成的影响。结果表明:不同pH值的模拟酸雨均能抑制细菌、放线菌、氮素生理类群的生长,其数量随酸雨pH值的降低而不断减少;真菌、纤维素分解菌数量随酸雨pH值的降低呈先升高后降低的变化趋势;绞股蓝茎叶总皂甙含量随酸雨pH值的降低而降低。酸雨影响下,单施低浓度的Zn(30 mg.kg-1)或Cd(1 mg.kg-1)时,根际3大类群微生物、氮素生理类群、纤维素分解菌、绞股蓝总皂甙含量均高于无重金属处理;但当Zn(400 mg.kg-1)或Cd(15 mg.kg-1)处于高浓度时,它们又明显低于无重金属处理。酸雨影响下,Zn(30 mg.kg-1)或Cd(1 mg.kg-1)为低浓度水平时,Zn-Cd复合污染对根际3大类群微生物、氮素生理类群、纤维素分解菌、绞股蓝茎叶总皂甙含量影响表现为拮抗效应;Zn(400 mg.kg-1)或Cd(15 mg.kg-1)为高浓度水平时,Zn-Cd复合污染对根...     

基于人工蜂群算法的边坡最危险滑动面搜索

将用于连续数值优化问题的人工蜂群算法引入边坡稳定分析临界滑动面搜索领域.该方法模拟了蜂群的群体协作采蜜过程,具有自适应收敛的特点,克服了传统方法容易陷入局部最优的缺点,是一种全局优化算法.为进一步改善其在复杂边坡搜索中的效果,将Hooke-Jeeves模式搜索操作引入人工蜂群算法,提出一种用于边坡临界滑动面搜索的模式搜...     

Assessment of Residential Rain Barrel Water Quality and Use in Cincinnati,Ohio1

The collection, storage, and reuse of rainwater collected in rain barrels from urban rooftop areas assists municipalities in achieving stormwater management objectives and in some areas also serves as an adjunct resource for domestic water supplies. In this study, rainwater reuse and levels of select microbial indicators were monitored for six residential rain barrels located in the Shepherd Creek watershed of Cincinnati, Ohio. Water from rain barrels typically had poor microbial quality and was used for watering indoor and outdoor plants. Rain barrel water chemistry was slightly acidic, exhibited wide ranges in conductivity, turbidity, and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations and gave no evidence of the presence of cyanobacterial microcystin toxins. Selected microbial water‐quality indicators indicated that counts of total coliform and enterococci were consistently above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards for secondary recreational contact water‐quality standards. Residential rain barrels can provide water appropriate for low‐contact reuses (such as plant watering), although there may be transient periods of high levels of indicator bacteria in the collected water.     

Stabilised Coal Ash Studies in Italy

The ENEL Ash Research Centre - (Brindisi, Italy) - has started a research programme on the use of coal ash derived from its thermoelectric power plants as a component of blocks for artificial habitats. After preliminary laboratory tests, systematic physical, chemical, and biological tests were carried out in an experimental installation constructed in the area of the Torrevaldaliga power plant (80 km NW of Rome).

Two reef models - each made by assembling pyramids of 225 20 × 20 × 20 cm blocks - were submerged in two tanks (10 × 2 × 1.5 m) with running sea water (water flow: 3-5 cm s-1). the ash blocks were composed of fly ash (52.1%), bottom ash (26.1%), hydrated lime (5.2%) and water 16.6%, while concrete blocks were made of pozzolanic cement, sand and gravel. After two years, ash based blocks showed no weathering, volume variation or swelling; marked compressive strength and sonic velocity increases have, on the contrary, been recorded. No significant leaching of chemical elements of environmental concern was found. the biotic settlement on the ash blocks proved greater in quantity and better in quality than that on the concrete blocks; on ash blocks 62 species were found, compared to 54 on concrete. Ash-based materials seem to be more suitable for the settlement of the macrobenthos.     

VARIATION IN ADIRONDACK,NEW YORK,LAKEWATER CHEMISTRY AS FUNCTION OF SURFACE AREA1

ABSTRACT: Data from a recent survey conducted by the Adirondack Lake Survey Corporation were used to evaluate the influence of lake surface area on the acid-base status of lakes in Adirondack State Park, New York. Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) in the small lakes (< 4 ha) occurred more frequently at extreme values (> 200, < 0 μeq L^?1), whereas larger lakes tended to be intermediate in ANC. Consequently, acidic (ANC ≤ 0) and low-pH lakes were typically small. The small lakes also exhibited lower Ca²⁺ concentration and higher dissolved organic carbon than did larger lakes. Lakes ≥ 4 ha were only half as likely to be acidic as were lakes ≥ 1 ha in area. These data illustrate the dependence of lake chemistry on lake surface area and the importance of the lower lake area limit for a statistical survey of lake water chemistry.     

基于综合主成分及径向基网络的环境质量评价

运用综合主成分分析对监测数据进行处理,集成径向基函数人工神经网络(RBF-ANN),参考国家环境质量评价标准设定RBF的学习样本,从而构建区域环境质量综合评价模型,对安徽省合肥市新站综合开发试验区进行环境质量综合评价。实例分析结果表明,运用综合主成分法可以精准的统计出一个区域的环境综合数据,而且在matlab环境下运用RBF-ANN模型既可以准确,客观的评定环境质量的等级,又可以表现其环境污染的具体程度,能在同一评价等级内对不同环境质量的评价对象进行更加细微的污染程度的比较。结果表明,合肥市新站综合开发试验区环境综合质量介于轻度污染和中度污染的标准极限值之间,属于中度污染。     

Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system for classification of water quality status

An adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system was used for classifying water quality status of river. It applied several physical and inorganic chemical indicators including dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, and ammonia-nitrogen. A data set (nine weeks, total 845 observations) was collected from 100 monitoring stations in all major river basins in China and used for training and validating the model. Up to 89.59% of the data could be correctly classified using this model. Such performance was more competitive when compared with artificial neural networks. It is applicable in evaluation and classification of water quality status.     

Fluxes of CH4 and N2O from soil under a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

CH4 and N2O fluxes from soil under a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China were measured for one year using closed static chamber technique and gas chromatography method. Three treatments were set in the studied field: (A) litter-free,(B) with litter, and (C) with litter and seedling. The results showed that the soil in our study was a sink of atmospheric CH4 and source of atmospheric N2O. The observed mean CH4 fluxes from treatments A, B, and C were -50.0±4.0, -35.9±2.8,-31.6±2.8 μgC/(m2·h),respectively,and calculated annual fluxes in2003 were -4.1,-3.1,and -2.9kgC/hm2,respectively.The observed mean N2O fluxes from treatments A,B,and C were 30.9±3.1,28.2±3.5,50.2±3.7μgN/(m2·h),respectively,and calculated annual fluxes in 2003 were 2.8, 2.6, and 3.7 kgN/hm2, respectively. Seasonal variations in CH4 and N2O fluxes were significant among all the three treatments. The presence of litter decreased CH4 uptake during wet season (P ＜ 0.05), but not during dry season. There was a similar increase in seedlings-mediated N2O emissions during wet and dry seasons, indicating that seedlings increased N2O emission in both seasons. A strong positive relationship existed between CH4 fluxes and soil moisture for all the three treatments, and weak relationship between CH4 fluxes and soil temperature for treatment B and treatment C. The N2O fluxes correlated with soil temperature for all the three treatments.