模拟酸雨对石刻的腐蚀

采用pH值分别为5.6,4.5和3.0的人工模拟酸雨,在实验室条件下对具有相同成分的石材进行降雨侵蚀实验,测定了不同pH值下的腐蚀速率.同时,运用XRD和SEM分析酸雨腐蚀的规律.结果表明:酸雨侵蚀首先发生在颗粒间隙处;pH值愈低,腐蚀愈严重;酸雨腐蚀后,石材表面碳酸钙流失严重,其它成分相对富集在表面,而且改变了其原来的形貌.     

业务性防雹作业实时决策指挥系统的设计

本文论述了西北地区人工防雹业务性决策指挥的现状和面对的重要问题;探讨了目前无法识别的20%左右雹云在业务性防雹中的处理思路;以三级判别思路提出了业务性决策指挥系统的设计.     

锅炉脱硫系统烟气换热器堵塞故障分析及处理

抗滑桩在滑坡治理中应用得比较广泛,确保抗滑桩的耐久性至关重要,抗滑桩混凝土中性化程度是影响其耐久性的重要因素。通过酸雨侵蚀与应力耦合作用下的模型试验,探讨了混凝土受酸雨侵蚀后强度和中性化深度的变化情况。分析结果显示:在酸雨侵蚀作用下,抗滑桩混凝土抗压强度先增大,然后逐渐减小;应力作用下,抗滑桩混凝土中性化深度与无应力时有很大区别,弯曲拉应力作用下的混凝土中性化深度大于无应力状态下的中性化深度,弯曲压应力下的中性化深度小于无应力下的中性化深度,应力水平的大小将影响到中性化深度的大小。     

陇海铁路宝鸡—天水段路基的气象灾害及路基气象综合效应研究

本文对陇海铁路宝天段路基的地质地理及气象因素进行了综合分析。认为气象因素是路基灾害的主要原因，是触发机制，尤其是路基选址不当所产生的路基气象综合效应更加重了灾害程度．文章认为，设计铁路时，不但要注意气象条件的研究，同时要模拟研究路基与气象条件相互作用所产生的气象效应．     

Chemical Behaviour of Calcium in Stabilized Oil Ash Reef Blocks After Five Years in the Ocean

Reef blocks made from stabilized oil ash were taken from the sea after five years in the ocean to examine the chemical behaviour of calcium. Experiments included (1) determination of the calcium leaching rate and a comparison with the rate for unexposed blocks to test the validity of a diffusion model for predicting long term (5 years) leaching rates, (2) determination of the effect of biological cover (shell) on the leaching rate, (3) determination of the leaching rate of the core of exposed reef blocks, (4) determination of the calcium content in 'ring areas' - regions of discoloration observed in sectioned exposed reef blocks, and (5) determination of the leachable fraction of the total calcium in exposed reef blocks. Results showed the presence of a pronounced calcium discontinuity zone located 3-7 cm from the outside surface of the reef blocks. Cumulated calcium release rates ranged from 2.81-3.14 μmol cm^-2 day^-1 for original unexposed reef blocks and the core of exposed (in the ocean for five years) blocks, respectively, to 0.47-0.50 μmol cm^-2 day^-1 for outside (facing sea water) surfaces of exposed reef blocks. Tank leaching studies also showed that the presence or absence of hard biological cover (shells) had little or no effect on the calcium release rate. the diffusion model normally used in modelling the chemical behaviour of calcium cannot be used to predict the long term (five years) leaching of calcium. the core of the exposed blocks released calcium at a rate similar to new, unexposed reef block material. Overall, it appears that the calcium discontinuity zone is probably responsible for restricting the release of calcium and hence the failure of the diffusion model.     

Effects of simulated acid rain on the injury and physiological responses of crops

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｓｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄａｃｉｄｒａｉｎｏｎｔｈｅｉｎｊｕｒｙａｎｄｐｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓｏｆｃｒｏｐｓＺｈａｎｇＦｕｚｈｕ，ＹａｎｇＸｉａｏｆｅｎｇ，ＺｈａｎｇＪｉｎｇｙａｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥ...     

佛山市区酸雨时空分布特征及其成因分析

从致酸源、地理环境、工业状况、气候条件等因素分析了佛山市酸雨的成因，提出一些控制酸雨污染的建议。     

Effects of simulated acid rain on saplings of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata

The effects of simulated acid rain with pH values of 6.63 (control, 4.5, 3.0, and 2.0 on saplings of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolate, were studied. The results showed that the pH of C.lanceolate, leaf sap and soil decreased as the acidity of rainfall increased. The acid rain with very low pH had significant effects on the photosynthetic rates per plant, but not on that of the per unit weight of dry leaves. The respiration rates of the two species were stimulated. Root and leaf boimass, but not stem biomass, were also reduced tremendously during a seven months period.     

湖南酸雨污染特征

根据湖南省近10多年来城市降水监测资料，了解到湖南酸雨污染严重，且污染冬季重于夏季、市区重于郊区，出现湘中地区严重污染带，其污染是局地源和外来源叠加的结果，并对湖南生态环境，工农业生产和人体健康产生危害。     

Sulfur dioxide-hydrogen peroxide relationships and acidification of precipitation in Guiyang area-a case study

-The concentrations of gas phase SO2, O3 and chemical composition of sequential rainwater samples were measured on 6/11/88 to 6/28/88 at some sites of Guiyang area. S (IV) was present in great excess of H2O2 in rainwater samples collected at residential sites of the city corresponding to high level of gas phase SO2. Considerable H2O2 in rainwater samples was observed in background air at suburbs. The evidence that clean rainwater samples were collected at 20km away from the city in 6/18/88 precipitation event revealed that the major process of acidification of the rain in the high polluted areas was below-cloud scavenging of trace gases. From a simulation calculation it was found that the rate of oxidation of S(IV) by O3 and by Mn2+, Fe3+ catalytic in high pH rainwater is significant, but for low pH the major SO42- is produced by the reaction of S (IV) with H2O2.