廊坊市2015年燃煤锅炉改造成效评估分析

为改善京津冀地区空气质量,2015年北京市安排专项资金支持廊坊市大气污染治理工作。到去年底,廊坊市超额完成相关治理项目,淘汰改造燃煤锅炉1 315台,实现SO2年减排量6 799 t,NO_x减排3 547 t,烟尘减排5 178 t,为廊坊本地及京津冀地区空气质量改善做出了贡献。针对2015年廊坊市燃煤锅炉淘汰改造工作进行了环境经济效益分析及空气质量改善效果评估。结果表明:该项大气污染治理工作具有较大的环境效益及显著的污染削减效果,从长远角度有利于京津冀地区的大气污染防治工作顺利开展及区域空气质量的改善。     

热电厂热储系统的构建和优化研究

热电厂热储系统的构建,对于废弃能源存储和废水再利用有重要意义。以吉林省桦甸市热电厂为例,通过对研究区水文地质条件和温度参数概化,利用FEFLOW软件构建桦甸市热电厂地下水-热耦合模型,用实际观测资料进行识别和验正,初步构建热储系统模型。设置不同井间距和抽水量来优化热储模型,研究结果表明:200 m井间距热贯通严重,500 m和1 000 m热贯通影响小;1 500 m~3/d的流量比1 200 m~3/d的流量在提热期温度下降更快,但提热总量显著增加;各方案提热总量对比显示,优化储热方案为井间距离500 m,储热期注水量8 400 m~3/d,热提取期抽水量1 500 m~3/d,冷水抽注水井在储热期和热提取期水量均为1 200 m~3/d,提热总量为2.27×10~(11)J/d。     

大数据技术在环境执法工作中的应用研究

随着大数据技术在各领域的逐步应用,已经有不少成功的案例来证明其确实可以解决之前通过常规信息化手段无法解决的问题;特别是在将大数据与人工智能结合以后,基于底层海量数据的"智能"分析,对于实时性要求比较高的业务的决策辅助,有非常好的应用效果.而环境保护管理工作复杂、专业、涉及面广、信息量大的特点,非常适合采用大数据技术;特别对于排污企业的执法检查工作,通过打造"环境大数据平台"为环境执法者提供第二个大脑,将真正为环境执法工作对精细化、精准化发展的目标服务.     

桂林市酸雨变化特征及来源分析

对桂林市2008~2011年共396个降水样品p H值统计表明,桂林市酸雨具有明显的季节性差异,夏季酸雨污染程度较低,冬春两季最为严重;对其中44个降水样品做离子分析,通过计算中和因子(NF)分析2008年酸雨程度低主要是NH_4~+和Ca~(2+)等碱性离子中和所致,相对酸度FA达到0.006,表明有99.4%酸性离子被中和;通过富集因子(EF)分析降水中主要离子来源,CI~-和Na~+主要为海洋来源,Ca~(2+)主要为地壳来源,K~+、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-主要为人为来源;最后通过Hysplit后向轨迹模拟分季节对2010年强酸雨水汽来源进行追踪,聚类,分析桂林市酸雨受区域输送的影响,确定致酸物质的3个主要源地:1东北向的江西、安徽、湖南、湖北等省份的工业集中、人口密集地区,来源于这些地区的气团春季占到19%,夏季26%,秋季19%,冬季由于盛行东北风,占到36%;2东南方向的广东省尤其珠三角地区,来源于西太平洋的气流经过此地到达桂林,春季占到19%,秋季占到33%,冬季占到36%;3西南向的南宁、柳州等本省城市,春季所有的强酸雨水汽气团都汇合到桂林的西南侧,经南宁、柳州抵达桂林,夏季直接受西南季风的控制,来自印度洋的水汽径直抵达桂林占到75%,秋季途经该地的西南向气流占到14%,冬季63%.     

Effects of Artificial Roosts for Frugivorous Bats on Seed Dispersal in a Neotropical Forest Pasture Mosaic

Abstract:  In the Neotropics ongoing deforestation is producing open and heavily fragmented landscapes dominated by agriculture, mostly plantations and cattle pastures. After some time agriculture often becomes uneconomical and land is abandoned. Subsequent habitat regeneration may be slow because seed inputs are restricted by a lack of incentives—such as suitable roost sites—for seed dispersers to enter deforested areas. Increasing environmental awareness has fostered growing efforts to promote reforestation. Practical and cost-efficient methods for kick-starting forest regeneration are, however, lacking. We investigated whether artificial bat roosts for frugivorous bat species can attract these key seed dispersers to deforested areas, thereby increasing seed rain. We installed artificial bat roosts in a forest-pasture mosaic in the Costa Rican Atlantic lowlands and monitored bat colonization and seed dispersal. Colonization occurred within a few weeks of installation, and 10 species of bats occupied the artificial roosts. Five species of frugivorous or nectarivorous bats colonized artificial roosts permanently in both primary habitat and in deforested areas, in numbers similar to those found in natural roosts. Seed input around artificial roosts increased significantly. Sixty-nine different seed types, mostly of early-successional plant species, were transported by bats to artificial roosts in disturbed habitats. The installation of artificial bat roosts thus successfully attracted frugivorous bats and increased seed inputs into degraded sites. This method is likely to speed up early-vegetation succession, which in turn will attract additional seed dispersers, such as birds, and provide a microhabitat for seeds of mid- and late-successional plants. As well as supporting natural forest regeneration and bat conservation, this cost-efficient method can also increase environmental awareness among landowners.     

Behaviour of Dioxins, Furans and Metals Associated with Stabilized Msw Combustor Ash in Sea Water

This report presents the results of a research programme designed to examine the engineering and environmental acceptability of stabilizing municipal solid waste (MSW) combustor ash for artificial reef construction. Municipal solid waste combustor ash was combined with Portland cement to form solid blocks using conventional construction block making technology. the resultant stabilized combustor ash (SCA) blocks were used to construct an artificial habitat in Conscience Bay, Long Island Sound, New York and compared to identical concrete blocks, fabricated using natural aggregates. Over a 4.5 year period divers periodically returned to the site to monitor the interaction of SCA blocks with the marine environment and compare the performance of these blocks with the concrete control blocks. Results show that the SCA blocks retain their strength after prolonged sea water exposure. Contaminants of environmental concern, including metals, dioxins and furans, were retained within the cementitious matrix of the SCA blocks after prolonged sea water submersion. in addition, organisms growing on the surfaces of the SCA blocks did not accumulate contaminants from the blocks.     

Heavy Metals and Radiochemical Analyses in the Sediments of the Rapallo Harbour

To assess the natural and anthropogenic radiocontamination, sediment samples were collected in the Tigullio Gulf (Ligurian Sea). the results presented here indicate a significant Cs-137 contamination (about 20 Bqkg^-1 dry weight) while concentrations of “primordial” natural radioisotopes were similar to those detected in other coastal areas. Gross sedimentation rates, determined through measurements of Be-7 concentrations, were at about 4-5 cm in the last 6 months. Natural and artificial radioactivity concentrations have been compared with data obtained in other Mediterranean areas. Heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg) concentrations were also determined inside the bay. Most elements displayed quite constant concentrations through the sediment core, except for copper which had showed highest concentrations in the top 16 cm of the sediment.     

大气环境质量的人工神经网络决策模型

为了对环境质量进行综合评价，运用误差反向传播算法的人工神经网络方法建立了环境质量评价的Ｂ－Ｐ决策模型。用此模型研究实例的大气环境质量，结果表明Ｂ－Ｐ网络用于环境质量评价具有客观性和实用性。     

Variation in Physiological Stress between Bridge‐ and Cave‐Roosting Brazilian Free‐Tailed Bats

Abstract: Since the late 1980s, Brazilian free‐tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) have increasingly used bridges as roosts in the southern United States. We examined differences in blood cortisol levels, body condition, and parasite load, as measures of physiological stress in bats roosting in bridges and bats roosting in caves. We collected data during three periods, coinciding with female phases of reproduction. For all measures, bats were captured during the nightly emergence from the roost and immediately sampled. Cortisol levels were significantly higher during pregnancy and lactation and in individuals with lower body‐condition scores (length of forearm to mass ratio) and significantly higher in bats roosting in caves than in those roosting in bridges. Thus, we concluded that individuals of this species that roost in bridges are not chronically stressed and seem to be unaffected by human activities present at bridges. This is a rare documented instance where a human‐dominated environment does not appear to be adversely affecting the physiological health of a free‐ranging animal.     

Simultaneous voltammetric determination of four triazine herbicides in water samples with the aid of chemometrics

A novel differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of herbicides in water. A mixture of four herbicides, atrazine, simazine, propazine and terbuthylazine was analyzed simultaneously and the complex, overlapping DPV voltammograms were resolved by several chemometrics methods such as partial least squares (PLS), principal component regression (PCR) and principal component–artificial networks (PC–ANN). The complex profiles of the voltammograms collected from a synthetic set of samples were best resolved with the use of the PC–ANN method, and the best predictions of the concentrations of the analytes were obtained with the PC-ANN model (%RPE_T = 6.1 and average %Recovery = 99.0). The new method was also used for analysis of real samples, and the obtained results were compared well with those from the GC-MS technique. Such conclusions suggest that the novel method is a viable alternative to the other commonly used methods such as GC, HPLC and GC-MS.