不同自然暴露方法对聚丙烯老化的影响

采用直接大气暴露、玻璃板下暴露和百页窗下暴露3种自然暴露方法,研究了聚丙烯塑料外观、力学性能和熔融指数在海南自然暴露过程中的变化,考察了光、热、氧对聚丙烯老化的影响。结果表明：自然环境下,光和热均是引起聚丙烯老化降解的主要因素．并且光的作用更强．氧对聚丙烯老化的影响很小：冲击强度对聚丙烯的老化相当敏感．海南自然暴露9个月时．直接大气暴露的聚丙烯试样冲击强度保持率下降至原始的10％左右。     

磁河有机污染物在饱和土壤中迁移转化试验研究

通过静态吸附、静态降解和动态土柱试验,研究了磁河废水中有机污染物在土壤饱水条件下的迁移转化行为.实验结果经线性拟合和参数估算,得到弥散系数D=0.0036m2/d,分配系数K_d=0.19cm3/g,降解系数K=0.68 d-1.表明磁河有机污染物在土壤中有较强的吸附和降解能力.      

A holistic evaluation of a typical coast nourishment on the Danish West Coast

The case described in this article regards 4.7 km of beach in Ferring, situated approx. 5 km south to the mouth of the Limfjord strait on the west coast of Denmark. In 2005, this section of the beach was nourished with 721,000 m³ of material in order to protect backshore properties, natural heritages and the recreational value of the beach. After the nourishment, the beach was monitored by levelling profiles on four dates to monitor and track the evolution of the nourished material. Furthermore, laboratory tests involving different gradations of nourishment material are shown which indicate solutions to different kinds of coastal protection strategies, estimate the time in between two nourishments and evaluate the cost of maintaining a beach with a high recreational value for the public.     

城市隧道出口匝道气流组织形式试验研究

搭建了1∶10的包含多匝道的隧道模型，通过试验研究了正常运营工况和火灾排烟工况下隧道主洞及匝道内气体流动规律，分析了开启不同匝道风机对气流形式的影响，提出了实际运营工况时隧道通风气流组织形式的建议。     

Mercury transportation in soil via using gypsum from flue gas desulfurization unit in coal-fired power plant

The mercury flux in soils was investigated, which were amended by gypsums from flue gas desulphurization (FGD) units of coal- fired power plants. Studies have been carried out in confined greenhouses using FGD gypsum treated soils. Major research focus is uptakes of mercury by plants, and emission of mercury into the atmosphere under varying application rates of FGD gypsum, simulating rainfall irrigations, soils, and plants types. Higher FGD gypsum application rates generally led to higher mercury concentrations in the soils, the increased mercury emissions into the atmosphere, and the increased mercury contents in plants (especially in roots and leaves). Soil properties and plant species can play important roles in mercury transports. Some plants, such as tall fescue, were able to prevent mercury from atmospheric emission and infiltration in the soil. Mercury concentration in the stem of plants was found to be increased and then leveled off upon increasing FGD gypsum application. However, mercury in roots and leaves was generally increased upon increasing FGD gypsum application rates. Some mercury was likely absorbed by leaves of plants from emitted mercury in the atmosphere.     

紧急逃生用自给式氧气呼吸器为船员的安全保驾护航——新版ISO 23269-4：2010国际标准介绍

本文主要介绍了新版ISO 23269-4：2010《船舶和海洋技术-船用氧气呼吸器-第4部分：符合IMO的IBC和IGC法规要求的紧急逃生用自给式氧气呼吸器》国际标准的制定背景、内容以及基本性能试验和要求,以对我国采用该国际标准提供帮助。     

Impact Resistance of Materials for Guards on Cutting Machine Tools—Requirements in Future European Safety Standards

Guards on machine tools are meant to protect operators from injuries caused by tools, workpieces, and fragments hurled out of the machine’s working zone. This article presents the impact resistance requirements, which guards according to European safety standards for machine tools must satisfy. Based upon these standards the impact resistance of different guard materials was determined using cylindrical steel projectiles. Polycarbonate proves to be a suitable material for vision panels because of its high energy absorption capacity. The impact resistance of 8-mm thick polycarbonate is roughly equal to that of a 3-mm thick steel sheet Fe P01. The limited ageing stability, however, makes it necessary to protect poycarbonate against cooling lubricants by means of additional panes on both sides.     

Self-Rated Physical Loads of Work Tasks Among Firefighters

Objectives. The present study sought to identify firefighters’ rated physical demands for the most frequently occurring work tasks and to determine if the ratings differed between full-time and part-time firefighters to help create a basis for the development of physical employment tests for firefighters. Methods. An extensive questionnaire was completed by 125 and 68 firefighters in 2000 and 2010, respectively. The data were analysed with the Mann-Whitney U test and binominal test and ranked on the basis of the responses in each category. Results. Significant differences were seen between the full- and part-time firefighters. The work tasks rated as the most physically strenuous in terms of aerobic fitness, muscle strength, work posture and body control by most respondents were smoke diving upstairs (carrying a hose), victim rescue in different ways, carrying a stretcher over terrain and pulling a hose. Conclusions. Physically strenuous work tasks should be included in the end-point performance variables used to select physical performance tests for firefighters. The part-time firefighters with no experience in several of the work tasks suggests that work-related exercises are important if both groups of firefighters are expected to do similar work.     

Biodegradability of PMMA Blends with Some Cellulose Derivatives

High polymer blends of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with cellulose acetate (CA) and Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) of varying blend compositions have been prepared to study their biodegradation behavior and blend miscibility. Films of PMMA–CA, and PMMA–CAP blends have been prepared by solution casting using Acetone and Dimethyl formamide(DMF) as solvents respectively. Biodegradability of these blends has been studied by four different methods namely, soil burial test, enzymatic degradation, and degradation in phosphate buffer and activated sludge degradation followed by water absorption tests to support the degradation studies. Degradation analysis was done by weight loss method. The results of all the tests showed sufficient biodegradability of these blends. Degradability increased with the increase in CA and CAP content in the blend compositions. The miscibility of PMMA–CA and PMMA–CAP blends have been studied by solution viscometric and ultrasonic methods. The results obtained reveal that PMMA forms miscible blends with either CA or CAP in the entire composition range. Miscibility of the blends may be due to the formation of hydrogen bond between the carbonyl group of PMMA and the free hydroxyl group of CA and CAP.     

基于遗传模拟退火算法的频率指配算法研究

在复杂电磁环境中进行频率指配是频谱管理中极为重要且困难的研究课题。提出了一种基于遗传模拟退火算法的频率指配算法,以基本遗传算法为基础,采用自适应的交叉概率和变异概率,将遗传操作和模拟退火操作相结合,从而克服了一般遗传算法的不足,可有效避免陷入局部最优并最终趋于全局优化。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法能够给整个无线电网络合理地指配频率,同时能有效地控制算法自身的收敛速度,与传统的指配算法相比,新算法在指配效果上有了很大的提高。