Potential world garbage and waste carbon sequestration

To offset the carbon dioxide released by fossil fuels, a proposed sequestration strategy relies on burying garbage and waste in landfills. This paper roughly estimates the current annual world supply of carbonaceous waste to be 35.5 billion metric tons and to contain about 18 billion metric tons of carbon. If landfills received all of this waste, sequestration of more than 5.6 billion metric tons of carbon seems theoretically possible—an amount well in excess of the 3.3 billion metric tons which the atmosphere is currently gaining.     

江苏省核辐射突发事件的预警监测体系

核辐射突发事件的监测预警体系是环境突发公共事件应急管理体系的重要组成部分,对保障核与辐射安全具有重要的意义.介绍了江苏省核辐射突发事件的监测预警体系和辐射监测网络的建设现状,通过对国际辐射预警和监测技术的广泛调研,结合江苏省实际情况,分析应对核辐射突发事件的监测预警体系存在的问题和对策,提出了相应的建设规划和建议.     

过去20年气候变暖对我国冬季采暖气候条件与能源需求的影响

20世纪80年代中期以来,我国气候变暖,尤其是90年代中期以来的显著变暖,对我国冬季采暖气候条件和能源需求产生了很大影响。论文以全国458个气象台站逐日平均气温为基础,对其影响进行了分析。依照《采暖通风与空气调节设计规范G(B50019-2003)》的规定,确定了采暖初(终)日及集中(过渡)采暖期的划分方法,并采用度日法分析了采暖强度。结果发现与1980年以前时段相比,1985-2004年以及1995-2004年间,我国集中采暖区和过渡采暖区的界线明显北移,尤其110E°以东地区北移最大达2～3个纬距;北方大部地区采暖期长度缩短5～15d,长江以南地区缩短最大达30d以上;北方采暖强度普遍减小200℃以上;理论上由气候变暖导致的我国北方地区冬季采暖耗能降低了5%～30%,长江中下游地区冬季采暖耗能降低了30%以上。     

Life cycle assessment of waste paper management: The importance of technology data and system boundaries in assessing recycling and incineration

The significance of technical data, as well as the significance of system boundary choices, when modelling the environmental impact from recycling and incineration of waste paper has been studied by a life cycle assessment focusing on global warming potentials. The consequence of choosing a specific set of data for the reprocessing technology, the virgin paper manufacturing technology and the incineration technology, as well as the importance of the recycling rate was studied. Furthermore, the system was expanded to include forestry and to include fossil fuel energy substitution from saved biomass, in order to study the importance of the system boundary choices. For recycling, the choice of virgin paper manufacturing data is most important, but the results show that also the impacts from the reprocessing technologies fluctuate greatly. For the overall results the choice of the technology data is of importance when comparing recycling including virgin paper substitution with incineration including energy substitution. Combining an environmentally high or low performing recycling technology with an environmentally high or low performing incineration technology can give quite different results. The modelling showed that recycling of paper, from a life cycle point of view, is environmentally equal or better than incineration with energy recovery only when the recycling technology is at a high environmental performance level. However, the modelling also showed that expanding the system to include substitution of fossil fuel energy by production of energy from the saved biomass associated with recycling will give a completely different result. In this case recycling is always more beneficial than incineration, thus increased recycling is desirable. Expanding the system to include forestry was shown to have a minor effect on the results. As assessments are often performed with a set choice of data and a set recycling rate, it is questionable how useful the results from this kind of LCA are for a policy maker. The high significance of the system boundary choices stresses the importance of scientific discussion on how to best address system analysis of recycling, for paper and other recyclable materials.     

拉萨市近49年气温变化特征研究

2019年6月24日拉萨市出现了30.8℃的高温,创历史新高.为了更好的了解拉萨市气候变暖的机理以及评估该区域未来气候的变化状况,本文基于拉萨市自动气象站近49年的观测数据,采用线性趋势法、Mann-Kendall (M-K)突变检验、小波分析、R/S分析等方法深入研究了多时间尺度上气温的时空演变特征.结果 显示:(a...     

气候变暖背景下森林土壤碳循环研究进展

由人类活动引起的温室效应以及由此造成的气候变暖对森林牛态系统的影响已引起人们的普遍关注.森林土壤碳循环作为全球碳循环的重要组成部分,是决定未来陆地牛物嘲表现为碳源/碳汇的关键环节,揭示这一作用对于准确理解全球变化背景下陆地生态系统碳循环过程具有重要的指导意义.本文主要通过论述影响土壤碳循环过程的5个方面(土壤呼吸、土壤微生物、土壤酶活性、凋落物输入与分解、土壤碳库),综述了近10 a来全球气候变暖对土壤碳循环过程的影响.近年来,尽管已开展了大量有关土壤碳循环对气候变暖的响应及反馈机制的研究,并取得了一定的成果,但研究结果仍然存在很大的不确定性.整合各种密切关联的全球变化现象,完善研究方法和实验手段,加强根际微生态系统碳循环过程与机理研究将是下一步研究的方向和重点.参70     

模拟增温效应对西藏苔草繁殖生态的影响

通过采用国际冻原计划模拟增温对植物影响的方法,从繁殖生态学角度研究了西藏苔草（Carex thibetica Franch）种群的物候期、分蘖数、生物量和种群繁殖对增温的响应。结果表明：暖棚内气温、土壤表层温度分别了1.17℃和1.50℃;物候期提前或延迟,生长期延长;增温可以提高西藏苔草的生殖产量,但不提高其种子发芽率;增温可提高西藏苔草分蘖数和生物量;西藏苔草繁殖对策趋于营养繁殖。     

太湖饮用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系的构建

从预警机制的建立与分工、预警监测时间的确定、预警监测的启动、预警信息的发布、预警监测的终止、预警监测的工作流程等方面,建立了太湖引用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系。指出了政府必须在资金、物资、人才、技术等方面给予预警监测体系充足的保障,确保预警监测体系长期有效地运行。     

全球环境变化对土壤有机碳库影响的研究进展

全球环境变化对土壤生态系统有机碳库的影响是当前研究的热点。本文综述了大气CO2浓度升高、温度上升、氮沉降等环境因素变化对土壤有机碳输入与土壤呼吸可能的影响,介绍了关于全球环境变化对土壤有机碳库影响的研究手段及其存在的问题,并就今后研究土壤有机碳对全球变化的响应提出了几点建议。     

Long-term joint effect of nutrients and temperature increase on algal growth in Lake Taihu, China

To study how global warming and eutrophication affect water ecosystems, a multiplicative growth Monod model, modified by incorporating the Arrhenius equation, was applied to Lake Taihu to quantitatively study the relationships between algal biomass and both nutrients and temperature using long-term data. To qualitatively assess which factor was a limitation of the improved model, temperature variables were calculated using annual mean air temperature (AT), water temperature (WT), and their average temperature (ST), while substrate variables were calculated using annual mean total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and their weighted aggregate (R), respectively. The nine fitted curves showed that TN and AT were two important factors influencing algal growth; AT limited growth as algal photosynthesis is mainly carried out near the water surface; N leakage of phytoplankton and internal phosphorus load from sediment explains why TN was the best predictor of peak biomass using the Monod model. The fitted results suggest that annual mean algal biomass increased by 0.145 times when annual mean AT increased by 1.0℃. Results also showed that the more eutrophic the lake, the greater the effect AT had on algal growth. Subsequently, the long-term joint effect of annual temperature increase and eutrophication to water ecosystems can be quantitatively assessed and predicted.