三种经济植物对重金属吸收积累的研究

随着冶金工业的发展,我国大气中重金属污染日趋严重。防治方法,除必须采取的工业治理措施外,还应充分发挥绿色植物的自净作用。 绿色经济植物对大气中重金属的吸收和积累及在植物体内的分配规律,这方面研究目前在国内还不多见。我们选材经济植物的目的是为重金属污染地区寻找一条切实可行的生物防治途径,从而防止重金属污染的粮食、蔬菜、水果等通过食物链进入人体。     

钼硅酸化学吸收脱除H2S气体回收硫磺的研究

首次报道了杂多酸溶液化学吸收从气流中脱除Ｈ２Ｓ制硫磺之新工艺。实验结果表明，气流中Ｈ２Ｓ脱除效率与溶液酸度、杂多酸浓度、Ｈ２Ｓ含量以及温度、停留时间有关。吸收的最佳酸度为０．１ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３Ｈ２ＳＯ４，此时Ｈ２Ｓ脱除率达９９％以上。对吸收机理进行了研究。通过对比纯硫磺和Ｈ２Ｓ转化物的热分析图谱和化学分析，确证了杂多酸在吸收Ｈ２Ｓ过程中，Ｈ２Ｓ被氧化为为硫磺，杂多酸还原为单电子杂多兰。杂多兰易被Ｃ     

湿空气作为自由基源物质脱除烟气中的NOx

以湿空气为自由基源物质,通过直流电晕放电自由基簇射,结合化学吸收脱除烟气中的NOx,比较了湿空气和湿氧气两种自由基源物质条件下的NOx脱除效果.结果表明,以湿空气为自由基源物质时的NOx脱除效率比湿氧气低.实验条件下,湿空气时,反应器NOx脱除效率为45.5%,经25%NaOH溶液吸收后系统总效率为68.6%;湿氧气时,反应器NOx脱除效率为71.5%,经25%NaOH溶液吸收后系统总效率为90.9%.     

元谋、牟定地区红土化过程中金的富集机理

在对元谋县猛林沟、牟定县戍街两地红土化剖面的地质特征、次生矿物变化、主要元素及金含量变化进行研究的基础上．探讨了金在红土化剖面上的分布形式和红土化过程中全的活化、迁移及沉淀等的机理。笔者认为,区内保存完整的红土化剖面上存在金的双峰式富集,其中产于铁质硬壳层附近的上部金富集带是由于铁质胶体吸附的结果,而腐泥岩层附近的下部金富集带是由Eh变小、pH变大引起的;氧化还原作用是金活化、迁移、沉淀富集最重要的控制机制。     

火焰原子吸收法与邻菲口罗啉光度法测定水中铁的方法比对

火焰原子吸收法与邻菲口罗啉光度法测定水和废水中铁具有精密度高、准确度好的持点。用两种方法测定的考核样为1 37mg/L及1 35mg/L,均为合格。两种方法均具有很强的可比信,都能满足水和废水中铁的测定,测定结果准确、可靠。     

吸附-催化燃烧法处理喷漆废气实例

介绍一个用吸附-催化燃烧装置来处理喷漆废气实例,喷漆废气经水帘洗涤后,先利用除漆和脱水装置进行预处理,再以活性炭纤维为吸附剂,结合多单元分流组合式吸附床,采用PLC电脑来实现整个系统的连续运行;实际运行结果表明,对于处理低涂的喷漆废气,该技术具有净化效率高、节能降耗、自动化水平高等优点。     

人工湿地中磷的行为及其去除方法研究

人工湿地中磷是通过基质、微生物和植物的共同作用去除的,其中基质对磷的吸附和沉淀是人工湿地除磷的主要方面.构筑两个以碎石和细砂为填料的人工湿地模拟单元,一个种上芦苇,另一个不种任何植物,研究湿地对磷的处理效果.前期试验表明,种芦苇的湿地总磷去除率可以达到92%,其中,总磷的67.35%在湿地上部就得以去除,有相当一部分磷是由湿地中植物、微生物和基质的协同作用加速去除的.最后对人工湿地除磷存在的主要问题及对策进行了探讨.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中的镉

采用微波消解系统处理土壤样品,可以大大减少消化试剂的用量及样品的处理时间.石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中的镉,以磷酸氢二铵和硝酸镁作混合基体改进剂,可提高灰化温度,消除基体干扰.方法简便、快速,准确度高.镉的测定结果相对标准偏差为2.1%～4.5%;检出限为0.007mg/kg.     

Reconstructed mass-spectrometric pattern for characterization of carbon compounds in smoker's lung in situ

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoke is a major anthropogenic pollutant and contributes to the permanent load of ambient particulate matter in the air, particularly indoors. It is the leading risk factor for premature loss of life due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema and lung cancer. Smoker's lung and graphite pneumoconiosis are pathological states characterized by the deposition of carbonaceous particles. METHODS: Mass spectrometry was used to evaluate unstained lung sections obtained in vivo from a heavy smoker and a patient with occupationally acquired graphite pneumoconiosis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The composition of carbon compounds deposited in lung tissue samples is demonstrated here for the first time. Thirty carbonaceous-containing microareas from ten biopsies (three areas per biopsy) of lung tissues were analyzed mass-spectrometrically. In each case, the samples were taken from a smoker's lung or those demonstrating a graphite pneumoconiosis. The lung-tissue samples were selected by light microscopy before they were evaporated for mass spectrometry. First-order criteria were anionic and cationic mass peaks which occur within the mass patterns in lung tissues of smoker's lung, although not in graphite pneumoconiosis. Second-order criteria were mass peaks from smoker's lung with standard deviations SD < or = 14% of the mean value. First and second-order mass peaks matched the mass peaks of experimental cigarette-smoke condensate in 9 out of 11 peaks. A software program was developed that enabled fast, automated recognition of the typical mass peaks, and thereby confirmed the histological diagnosis of smoker's lung. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of carbonaceous particles within lung biopsies from a heavy smoker corresponded to the spectra of tobacco condensate and not to the investigated biopsies of graphite peneumoconiosis. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: The analyses were performed in order to find out whether mass-spectrometric criteria exist for the differentiation of carbonaceous lung-tissue deposits. Mass spectrometry may be a valuable tool in determining the composition of carbon compounds deposited in human lung tissue. So far, qualitative assessment of the composition of deposits in lung tissue is only possible after the patient is deceased (autopsy).     

原子吸收法测定降水中的钾、钠、钙、镁的改进

对标准分析方法中的K、Na、Ca、Mg分开测定改进为混合测定。改进法与标准法的校准曲线、精密度与准确度均较为一致。改进法简化了操作程序，提高了工作效率。