全文获取类型
收费全文 | 136篇 |
免费 | 10篇 |
国内免费 | 42篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 10篇 |
废物处理 | 2篇 |
环保管理 | 17篇 |
综合类 | 72篇 |
基础理论 | 59篇 |
污染及防治 | 12篇 |
评价与监测 | 5篇 |
社会与环境 | 9篇 |
灾害及防治 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 5篇 |
2013年 | 14篇 |
2012年 | 4篇 |
2011年 | 9篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 11篇 |
2007年 | 12篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 3篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有188条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
外源铜锌在我国典型土壤中的老化特征 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8
采用室内培养的方法,研究了我国3种典型土壤——红壤、水稻土和褐土,在铜、锌单一污染和复合污染下的老化过程. 结果表明,有效态铜、锌(0.01 mol·L-1 CaCl2提取的金属)随时间先是快速下降,然后缓慢降低,大约90 d是转折点. 无论是在单一污染还是在复合污染土壤中,铜和锌的老化都没有显著差异,预示着这2个金属有相似的化学行为. 铜、锌在红壤、水稻土和褐土中的老化最适合二级动力学方程(R2为0.994 0~0.999 9, p<0.000 1),而抛物线扩散方程拟合程度较差,说明金属有效形态向无效形态的转化过程(老化)并不完全取决于扩散作用,它是表面聚合/沉淀作用、有机质包裹作用、扩散作用等交互的结果. 铜锌在土壤中的老化显著受pH影响,在低pH土壤(红壤),金属有效形态比例高,老化速率慢,速率常数k2为4.36×10-3~7.05×10-3 kg·(mg·d)-1;高pH土壤(褐土)中,金属有效形态比例低,老化速率快,k2为1.095×10-2~1.377×10-2 kg·(mg·d)-1. 也就是说,随土壤pH升高,金属的老化速率加快. 相似文献
132.
不同母质的砖红壤,其磷素含量有差异;磷的有效性受土壤营养体系中其它元素的制约;桉树植株的磷营养受土壤有效磷含量和土壤营养体系中多种元素相互作用的影响。 相似文献
133.
采用2种化学连续提取法及连续耗钾实验。研究了几种耕作土壤非交换性钾释放特性及有效性。结果表明,供试土壤非交换性钾释放特性和有效性与粘土矿物密切相关。富含伊利石的土壤非交换性钾的释放量大,速率快,有效性高;黑麦草吸收该土壤的非交换性钾量及总吸钾量高,生物量大。而富含高岭石或蒙脱石的土壤非交换性钾有效性明显较低;非交换性钾的释放量和速率、黑麦草吸收该土壤的非交换性钾量、总吸钾量及生物量的均值分别仅为富含伊利石上壤的46.96%、45.50%、41.65%、43.90%和67.52%。供试土壤耗竭前期非交换性钾有效性高,供钾量大;黑麦草生长良好,生物量大。 相似文献
134.
Astrid M. Heiling 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,46(1):43-49
The nocturnal orb-web spider Larinioides sclopetarius lives near water and frequently builds webs on bridges. In Vienna, Austria, this species is particularly abundant along the
artificially lit handrails of a footbridge. Fewer individuals placed their webs on structurally identical but unlit handrails
of the same footbridge. A census of the potential prey available to the spiders and the actual prey captured in the webs revealed
that insect activity was significantly greater and consequently webs captured significantly more prey in the lit habitat compared
to the unlit habitat. A laboratory experiment showed that adult female spiders actively choose artificially lit sites for
web construction. Furthermore, this behaviour appears to be genetically predetermined rather than learned, as laboratory-reared
individuals which had previously never foraged in artificial light exhibited the same preference. This orb-web spider seems
to have evolved a foraging behaviour that exploits the attraction of insects to artificial lights.
Received: 8 June 1998 / Received in revised form: 18 January 1999 / Accepted: 19 January 1999 相似文献
135.
Anabella Covazzi Harriague Cristina Misic Ilaria Valentini Eleonora Polidori Giancarlo Albertelli Antonio Pusceddu 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(2):181-195
Interactions between meio- and macrofaunal assemblages and food availability were investigated in relation to tourism pressures on three beaches of the northern Adriatic Sea. All beaches were characterised by the presence of artificial reefs, freshwater inputs and tourism pressures. Beach sediments displayed high organic loads and low protein and chlorophyll a contributions to the bulk of the organic matter. Consequently, the organic matter was of mostly refractory composition and, thus, of scarce nutritional quality. Macrofaunal community structure and biomass were related to the quantity and nutritional quality of sedimentary organic matter, whereas meiofauna was apparently not. No relationships were found between physical variables and the metazoan communities. Most likely, the presence of artificial reefs reduced the physical impact of waves on the beach assemblages, whereas the presence of synergistic human impacts, including freshwater inputs and the tourism pressure, negatively influenced both the meio- and the macrofaunal assemblages. 相似文献
136.
E. C.H.E.T. Lucassen M. M.L. van Kempen J. G.M. Roelofs G. van der Velde 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(4):273-287
Metallophyte vegetation along the River Geul has been almost completely replaced by grasses during the last decades. Field investigations indicated that this was accompanied by higher alkalinity and phosphate availability in the soil, related to the closure of the metal industry and intensification of agricultural practices. An experiment with a full factorial design for phosphate and zinc availability indicated that the metallophytes Silene vulgaris and Thlaspi caerulescens did not grow on zinc-poor soils, irrespective of phosphate availability. The grass Holcus lanatus performed well on phosphate-rich soil, irrespective of zinc availability. An experiment with zinc-poor and zinc-rich floodplain soils confirmed the high zinc demand of the metallophytes T. caerulescens and Armeria maritima and the zinc independence of H. lanatus. A third experiment indicated that a reduced zinc availability due to liming affected only the metallophyte T. caerulescens; it had no effect on the growth of the grass Festuca rubra. This means that increasing alkalinity leads to a decrease in zinc availability, limiting the growth of at least some metallophyte species. An increase in phosphate availability stimulates growth in more competitive fast-growing grasses under zinc-rich as well as zinc-poor conditions. 相似文献
137.
Molly E Brown 《Journal of Land Use Science》2016,11(6):623-641
ABSTRACTClimate change and a rapidly growing human population have put ever greater strains on the global food system. Although the number of food insecure people in the world has reached a record low, changing land use and climate variability will threaten our ability to maintain this progress. Profound changes in the structure of economies around the world have affected agricultural production and how food is delivered to the consumer. This paper explores connections between land use, environmental change and food availability, access, and utilization. Each of these elements of food security has vulnerabilities to changing environmental conditions and land use that can be explored using satellite remote sensing observations. Technology is a key way environmental changes can be quantified and used in food security assessment. 相似文献
138.
用分级方法评估土壤对重金属的缓冲能力 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了不同Cd,Zn,Cu和Pb负荷对5种土壤(油黄泥土、棕红壤、红壤、石砂土和紫砂土)中的重金属形态的影响,分析了不同土壤对重金属的缓冲作用及其影响因素.结果表明,未污染土壤中的重金属主要以残余态为主,占土壤重金属总量的51%以上.随着土壤重金属负荷的提高,土壤中交换态重金属的比例增大,残余态比例下降,有效性提高,对重金属的缓冲作用下降.由于Cd,Zn,Cu和Pb本身的特性不同,土壤中各组分与Cd,Zn,Cu和Pb的结合方式及程度不同.当外源重金属进入土壤后,土壤对重金属的缓冲性为:Pb>Cu>Zn Cd,酸性土壤和砂质土壤的缓冲能力较低.当重金属加入量较低时,重金属优先向氧化物结合态和有机质结合态转化;而当加入量较高时,向交换态和碳酸盐结合态转化的比例增加.土壤pH下降可使交换态Cd,Zn,Cu和Pb的比例递增,降低土壤对重金属的缓冲性,增加了重金属对环境影响的风险. 相似文献
139.
A Comparison of Three Federal Datasets for Thermoelectric Water Withdrawals in the United States for 2010
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Melissa A. Harris Timothy H. Diehl 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(5):1062-1080
Historically, thermoelectric water withdrawal has been estimated by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) water‐use compilations. Recently, the USGS developed models for estimating withdrawal at thermoelectric plants to provide estimates independent from plant operator‐reported withdrawal data. This article compares three federal datasets of thermoelectric withdrawals for the United States in 2010: one based on the USGS water‐use compilation, another based on EIA data, and the third based on USGS model‐estimated data. The withdrawal data varied widely. Many plants had three different withdrawal values, and for approximately 54% of the plants the largest withdrawal value was twice the smallest, or larger. The causes of discrepancies among withdrawal estimates included definitional differences, definitional noise, and various nondefinitional causes. The uncertainty in national totals can be characterized by the range among the three datasets, from 5,640 m3/s (129 billion gallons per day [bgd]) to 6,954 m3/s (158 bgd), or by the aggregate difference between the smallest and largest values at each plant, from 4,014 m3/s (92 bgd) to 8,590 m3/s (196 bgd). When used to assess the accuracy of reported values, the USGS model estimates identify plants that need to be reviewed. 相似文献
140.
We used interdemic variation in the tendency to form mixed-species groups to examine the costs and benefits of association
among the primates of Kibale National Park, Uganda. A year-long survey of six sites revealed that the amount of time that
the five common diurnal primates [red colobus (Procolobus
tephrosceles), black-and-white colobus (Colobus
guereza), redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus
ascanius), blue monkeys (Cercopithecus
mitis), and grey-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus
albigena)] spent in mixed-species groups varied dramatically among sites. In many cases, the proportion of time that species associated
was positively related to their densities. By using detailed behavioral observations of redtail monkeys and red colobus made
over 4 years (2660 h) at four sites, we were able to reject the null hypothesis that associations occur by chance for only
one of four sites. However, a correlative approach exploring the costs and benefits of association suggests that ecological
variables do influence association patterns. We found that redtail monkeys and red colobus overlapped in diet (19.2% of their
foraging effort) and traveled further when in mixed-species groups than when alone. Having demonstrated this, we examined
the applicability of the ecological constraints model for predicting the proportion of the time spent in mixed-species groups
based on food availability. For this analysis we concentrated on red colobus from the site with 35 months of observation and
demonstrated that their tendency to be in mixed- species groups was related to food availability. We used two methods to examine
if mixed-species associations function to decrease predation risk. First, chimpanzees are known to prey heavily on red colobus,
but rarely kill other primates. The time red colobus spent in mixed-species groups was correlated to chimpanzee density, but
it was not for the other monkey species, suggesting that mixed-species groups serve to decrease predation risk. Second, when
red colobus groups contain more infants and are presumably at the greatest risk of predation, they form mixed-species groups
most often. These results demonstrate that the costs and benefits of mixed-species associations vary dramatically over small
spatial and temporal scales. If such variation is generally the case, then studies conducted at different locations or different
times could easily highlight the importance of difference selective agents in favoring mixed-species associations.
Received: 10 February 1999 / Received in revised form: 16 September 1999 / Accepted: 2 October 1999 相似文献