气象因素对泉州臭氧的影响

利用泉州城区2017年全年连续观测的O_3和气象要素资料,统计了臭氧浓度的分布特征,分析了气象要素对O_3质量浓度的影响,对比了O_3超标日和非超标日的气象要素特征。结果表明:(1)泉州市O_3质量浓度月变化呈双峰形,春季最高,夏季最低;日变化呈单峰形,最大值出现在13:00—14:00,最小值出现在06:00—07:00,上下游站O_3浓度存在明显传输效应。(2)泉州O_3质量浓度与相对湿度呈负相关,其相关性最高;与风速呈正相关,其相关系数最低,且存在明显区位性差异;与气温的相关性比较复杂,既有正相关,也有负相关。(3)各站点O_3小时质量浓度超标时,均对应2个气象要素区间值。(4)对比污染日非污染日发现,污染日相对湿度较低(50%～60%),非污染日较高(70%～80%);污染日温度略低于非污染日;污染日风向总体为西南偏南,非污染日风向为西南-东南。     

Determination activity of radionuclides in marine sediment by gamma spectrometer with anti cosmic shielding

In this work, the activities of radionuclides in a marine sediment sample have been determined. The gamma spectrometer comprises an N type coaxial HPGe detector with active shielding to reduce cosmic background. The mass activities of radionuclides have been derived and found to be around a few Bq kg⁻¹ to several hundreds Bq kg⁻¹ with relative uncertainties in this paper quoted corresponding to the combined standard uncertainties (k = 1).     

我国资源再生产业集群辨识研究

资源再生产业是解决资源危机、能源短缺和环境污染等问题的有效途径.近年来,我国资源再生产业发展迅速,在一些区域产业集群特征凸显.因此,本文采用产业集中度和区位商法,对我国资源再生产业在省域层面的集群情况进行定量分析.结果表明:我国资源再生产业集群特征非常明显,2007年产业集中度CR_4达到71.15%,广东、浙江和湖南三省已形成资源再生产业集群,2007年三省的区位商分别达到1.781、1.987、8.491;同时还发现重庆、湖北、天津、江苏、上海也初具集群雏形,为从产业集群角度探索我国资源再生产业发展模式提供依据.此外,在对广东、浙江和湖南三省产业集群进行深入分析和验证时还发现:广东、浙江模式与湖南模式具有明显不同,前者是再生资源禀赋和地方需求主导模式.而后者则是交易成本、区位交通优势和政府扶持共同作用的结果.     

旋风除尘器流场及浓度场实验与模拟

在研究旋风除尘器内气固两相的运动状况及分离机理方面,计算机模拟替代部分实验的方法能够优化设计旋风除尘器结构参数,提高其对微细颗粒的捕集效率,减少运行压力损失。本研究采用RSM模型和随机轨道模型对旋风除尘器内流场及浓度场进行模拟及实验。研究表明,旋风除尘器压力损失模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,对于大于5μm的颗粒其捕集效率模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合;旋风除尘器外壁的颗粒浓度呈螺旋带状分布;如将排气管管径减少至原直径0.8倍,可使其对2μm颗粒捕集效率提高6.6%,但压力损失提高36.5%;颗粒的凝并作用有利于提高旋风除尘器微细颗粒的捕集效率。     

The Long Beach/Fort Lauderdale relative risk study

Problem

The role of alcohol as a major factor in traffic crash causation has been firmly established. However, controversy remains as to the precise shape of the relative risk function and the BAC at which crash risk begins to increase.

Methods

This study used a case-control design in two locations: Long Beach, California, and Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Data were collected on 2,871 crashes of all severities and a matched control group of drivers selected from the same time, location, and direction of travel as the crash drivers. Of the 14,985 sample drivers, 81.3% of the crash drivers and 97.9% of the controls provided a valid BAC specimen.

Results

When adjusted for covariates and nonparticipation bias, increases in relative risk were observed at BACs of .04-.05, and the elevations in risk became very pronounced when BACs exceeded .10.

Discussion

The results provide strong support for .08 per se laws and for state policies that increase sanctions for BACs in excess of .15.

Impact on Industry

This study provides further precision on the deleterious effects of alcohol on driving and, by implication, on other complex tasks.     

Validity of police-reported alcohol involvement in fatal motor carrier crashes in the United States between 1982 and 2005

Objective

To examine the validity of police-reported alcohol data for drivers involved in fatal motor carrier crashes.

Material and Methods

We determined the availability of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and police-reported alcohol data on 157,702 drivers involved in fatal motor carrier crashes between 1982 - 2005 using Fatality Analysis and Reporting System (FARS) data. Drivers were categorized as motor carrier drivers if they operated a vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of greater than 26,000 pounds. Otherwise, they were classified as non motor carrier drivers. The sensitivity and specificity of police-reported alcohol involvement were estimated for both driver types.

Results

Of the 157,702 drivers, 18% had no alcohol information, 15% had BAC results, 42% had police-reported alcohol data, and 25% had both. Alcohol information varied significantly by driver, crash, and vehicle characteristics. For example, motor carrier drivers were significantly more likely (51%) to have BAC testing results compared to non motor carrier drivers (31%) (p < 0.001). The sensitivity of police-reported alcohol involvement for a BAC level ≥ 0.08 was 83% (95% CI 79%, 86%) for motor carrier drivers and 90% (95% CI 89%, 90%) for non motor carrier drivers. The specificity rates were 96% (95% CI 95%, 96%) and 91% (95% CI 90%, 91%), respectively.

Conclusions

The sensitivity and specificity of police-reported alcohol involvement are reasonably high for drivers involved in fatal motor carrier crashes. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which the accuracy of police-reported alcohol involvement may be overestimated because of verification bias.

Impact on the Industry

Based on the results of this study, the federal government should continue to work with states to strengthen their strategies to increase chemical testing of all drivers involved in fatal crashes.     

锑锍渣中回收金试验研究

通过对"浮选+氰化浸出"工艺回收锑锍渣中金的试验研究,确锍渣中金的综合回收率可达80%-85%,既减少了污染,又回收了有价资源,有明显的经济和环境效益.     

负压防护急救车车厢内生物污染物运动扩散的数值模拟与试验验证

为掌握负压防护急救车车厢内生物污染物的分布情况,运用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法和拉格朗日颗粒随机轨道模型,对该车车厢内生物污染物的运动扩散进行数值模拟;并通过试验对比研究车厢内污染物浓度场的分布状态,试验与模拟的结果基本一致。同时表明:该随机轨道模型较好地反映生物污染物运动扩散的时空分布特点;负压防护急救车车厢内污染物浓度较高,医护人员应穿戴有效的个人防护器材。     

循环冷却水浓缩倍率对凝汽器管路的腐蚀和结垢趋势

利用水质判断指数来预测不同循环冷却水浓缩倍率下水的结垢趋势,确定形成最佳碳酸钙保护膜所对应的浓缩倍率,以达到最经济的防止循环冷却水系统腐蚀和结垢的目的.     

掘进巷道瓦斯分布数值实验研究

根据局部通风流场特点确定适合矿井局部通风掘进巷道工作面瓦斯与风流质量交换的数学模型,在近壁面使用标准壁面函数法解决近壁面的流动,在湍流充分发展区,使用RNG k-ε双方程湍流模型;讨论考虑巷道支护的情况下壁面粗糙度的影响,确定矿井掘进工作面局部通风模型网格划分的方法、掘进头瓦斯涌出的边界条件;利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件Fluent对掘进工作面的风流与瓦斯的混合过程进行了模拟;得出不同瓦斯涌出量情况下掘进巷道工作面风流分布和瓦斯浓度的分布规律。研究表明:瓦斯涌出量和风速对流场分布有影响,随着瓦斯涌出量的增大和风速的降低,瓦斯对流场的影响越来越明显。