给水生物预处理反应器的细菌种群多样性和群落结构

提取一生产性规模的给水生物预处理反应器中生物膜样品的总DNA,构建细菌16S rDNA克隆文库,并通过16S rDNA序列的系统发育分析,对生物膜中的细菌种群多样性和群落结构进行了研究.实验结果表明,给水生物膜反应器中的细菌种群多样性十分丰富;生物膜中的细菌分别属于10个主要类群,其中α-Proteobacteria是克隆文库中的最大细菌类群,占克隆子总数的32.28%,其次是β-Proteobacteria;与Rhodobacter系统关系密切的细菌是克隆文库中所占比例最大的一个菌属,占克隆子总数的12.6%;反应器中与硝化作用有关的是Nitrosomonas和Nitrospira属的细菌.研究结果表明,给水生物预处理反应器中的细菌群落结构和废水生物处理反应器中的细菌群落结构是有所差异的.图1表1参13     

Effects of salinity on soil bacterial and archaeal community in estuarine wetlands and its implications for carbon sequestration: verification in the Yellow River Delta

Soils from two typical tidal salt marshes with varied salinity in the Yellow River Delta wetland were analysed to determine possible effects of salinity on soil carbon sequestration through changes in soil microbiology. The mean soil respiration (SR) of the salt water–fresh water mixing zone (MZ) was 2.89 times higher than that of the coastal zone (CZ) (4.73 and 1.63?μmol?m^?2?s^?1, respectively, p?Pseudomonas sp. and Limnobacter sp. that might have led to its higher dehydrogenase activity and respiratory rates. Additionally, the CZ possessed more Halobacteria and Thaumarchaeota with the ability to fix CO₂ than the MZ. Significantly lower soil salinity in MZ (4.25?g?kg^?1) was suitable for β-Proteobacteria, but detrimental for Halobacteria compared with CZ (7.09?g?kg^?1, p?相似文献   

Bacterial community structure analyses to assess pollution of water and sediments in the Lake Shkodra/Skadar, Balkan Peninsula

- Goal, Scope, Background. Lake Skadar is the largest lake in Balkan Peninsula, located on the Montenegro-Albanian border. The unique features of the lake and wide range of endemic and rare or endangered plant and animal species resulted in the classification of the Skadar as a wetland site of international significance. In spite of its importance the Lake is influenced by inflowing waters from river Morača and other regional rivers contaminated by the industry, municipal and agricultural activities in the area. Therefore, the Lake has been subject of various physical, chemical, biological and toxicological examinations. However, community-level analyses are most relevant to assess the effect of stressors on aquatic ecosystems. In the present study bacterial community structure among differently polluted sites of the lake was compared by genetic fingerprinting technique. Methods Water and sediment samples were collected from five differently polluted sampling sites on the Lake Skadar in spring and autumn of the same year. The bacterial community structure in the samples was characterized and compared by temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (TTGE) analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Results and Discussion The TTGE analysis resulted in many distinguishable and reproducible band patterns, allowing reliable comparison of bacterial communities among sampling sites. Results on the bacterial community structure revealed that three of the selected locations can be considered as sites that have not shown any pollution degradation determined by our method, due to similar structure of bacterial community in the sediment samples. On the other hand, significant shifts in bacterial community structure in the mouth of the river Morača and Plavnica were shown. Since the results coincide with some of the bioassays and chemical analysis performed previously, the changes in bacterial community structure are explained as an effect of antropogenic pollution on the lake ecosystem by waters of river Morača and stream Plavnica. Conclusion The TTGE has proven to be an efficient and reliable method to monitor bacterial dynamics and community shifts in aquatic environment, especially in the sediments. Within the variety of environmental quality assessments the use of TTGE analyses of bacterial community is strongly recommended, particularly as an initial investigation. However, in any conclusion on the state of the environment, the TTGE results should be combined to some other biological, chemical and hydrological data. Recommendation and Outlook Since prokaryotes are a crucial group of organisms in the biosphere, the ecosystem function studies are largely based on bacterial communities. Therefore, bacterial community structure analysis should be a part of an integrated weight of evidence approach in pollution assessment. In case of Triad approach, consisting of chemical analyses, bioassays, and community studies in the field, the TTGE bacterial community structure analyses should be placed in the later Triad leg. In comparison to other community studies, based on various biotic indices, the TTGE bacterial community analysis has proven to be very sensitive, reliable and less time consuming.     

黄河源区斑块化退化高寒草甸土壤细菌群落多样性变化

为研究海拔变化和退化过程中高寒草甸土壤细菌群落多样性的变化规律,利用MiSeq高通量测序技术,分析不同海拔活动斑块、非活动斑块、恢复斑块和高寒草甸土壤细菌群落多样性,利用冗余分析对细菌多样性和环境因子进行分析.结果发现,3种类型斑块中主要的土壤细菌门均是变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）和酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）.细菌优势属为RB 41 、鞘脂单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）和慢生根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium）.RB 41 和慢生根瘤菌属相对丰度随海拔升高而下降,随斑块演替而增加,但3种类型退化斑块相对丰度均显著低于高寒草甸（P<0.05）.退化斑块土壤碳固定功能的细菌丰度,大于健康高寒草甸.不同斑块的细菌Chao1指数和物种数显著高于高寒草甸（P<0.05）.冗余分析发现,生物结皮盖度和全氮是海拔4013 m处细菌优势门的主要影响因子;生物量、全氮和pH对高海拔4224 m细菌优势门影响较大.生物量和全钾显著影响海拔4013 m的细菌属分布,海拔4224 m地区莎草科盖度和速效氮为细菌优势属的主要影响因子.生物结皮和pH对细菌多样性影响较大.不同海拔地区细菌的影响因子发生着较大变化,在研究细菌多样性变化的过程中,不仅要关注高寒草地退化的影响,还应考虑海拔高度的作用.     

细菌群落结构对水体富营养化的响应

于2005年2月在太湖不同营养水平湖区采集水样,寞接提取水样的总DNA,以细菌16SrDNA通用引物进行V3区PCR扩增,产物经DGGE(变性凝胶梯度电泳)分离后,获得水体细菌群落的16SrDNA指纹图谱;并运用FDC(表面荧光直接计数)方法对细菌丰度进行了测定.结果表明,水体中细菌的群落结构随着水体富营养化程度的改变产生明显变化,细菌数量呈现随水体营养水平增加而上升的趋势,营养水平较低的湖心区细菌数量仅为2.87×106 cells·mL-1,超富营养化的五里湖区水体中.细菌数量高达5.92×106cells·mL-1;细菌群落多样性随水体营养水平增加呈现显著的下降趋势,在超富营养化的1#、2#采样位点,细菌DGGE主要条带数量仅为23条,在沉水植物丰富区(贡湖湾)细菌DGGE主要条带数量达33条.PCA(主成分分析)的聚类结果表明,太湖水体中不同营养水平下的细菌群落多样性可大致归为3种类型,超富营养化的五里湖区水体细菌群落结构与梅粱湾及汞湖湾存在明显不同,可以大体归为超富营养类型、藻型湖区及草型湖区类型3种.此结果反映了水体富营养化过程中,由于营养物质的增加,促进了某些类群微生物的大量繁殖,水体中微生物的生物量显著增加;生态环境条件的恶化,造成了微生物多样性的下降,这可能导致原本稳定的水生态系统脆弱化.     

分层型水库藻类垂向演替的水质与细菌种群调控

浮游藻类和细菌是水生食物网的重要组成部分,在水源水库生态系统物质循环和能量流动方面发挥关键作用,藻类的空间演替与水体细菌种群代谢和结构演变关系密切.因此,本文以李家河水库为研究对象,在分析水库水质指标基础上,采用高通量DNA测序技术和Biolog技术,研究水库藻类暴发期,浮游藻类和细菌群落结构垂向演替特征及其与水质的偶联关系.结果表明,李家河水库在8月处于热分层期,水体pH、DO和NH~+_4-N随深度变化均逐渐降低(P0.001).藻密度和Chla呈现同步变化趋势(P0.001),表层最大分别为3 364.33×10~4 cells·L~(-1)和7.03μg·L~(-1).藻类群落结构在水深0 m和3 m处以微囊藻为主,而在水深6 m处,小环藻取代微囊藻成为最优藻属,相对丰度达57.28%.Biolog结果表明,微囊藻的暴发对细菌代谢活性及其相对丰度产生较大影响,但细菌种群代谢活性多样性变化不显著.高通量测序共发现1 420个OTUs,隶属于10个细菌门类,其中放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)在不同水层均为最优门类,其相对丰度之和达50%以上;绿菌门(Chlorobi)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)的相对丰度随着水深增加发生显著变化,均在6 m深度达到最大值,分别为10.29%和6.78%,且与水层藻密度呈显著负相关(P0.05);厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)与藻密度呈显著正相关(P0.05).热图(Heat map)指纹图谱表明,李家河水库的细菌群落结构垂向分布差异显著,且随着水深的增加,细菌群落分布更均匀并趋于多样性.冗余分析(RDA)表明,细菌和藻类的群落结构的垂向分布受不同水质指标调控且差异显著.对水源水库藻类暴发期藻类与细菌群落的偶联机制进行探究,为水源藻华消涨的分子微生态驱动机制研究提供科学依据.     

兰州市春季微生物气溶胶浓度、粒径及细菌群落结构分布特性

分析了兰州市春季不同时段微生物气溶胶浓度、粒径和细菌群落结构组成的差异,探讨气象条件和空气污染物对微生物气溶胶分布的影响.结果表明,兰州市春季空气环境中总微生物、细菌、真菌和放线菌浓度均值分别为（2730±376）、（2243±354）、（349±38）和（138±22） CFU·m^-3,其中,细菌占82.16%,明显高于真菌和放线菌（P<0.05）.08：00~09：00时段总微生物、细菌和放线菌浓度明显高于18：00~19：00时段,微生物气溶胶浓度变化明显受气象条件和空气污染物的影响.细菌和真菌气溶胶粒子主要分布在前4级（>2.1 μm）,分别占85.13%和83.26%,而放线菌主要集中在后4级（<4.7 μm）上,占73.15%.Illumina MiSeq测序结果表明,08：00~09：00和18：00~19：00时段细菌群落结构组成差异不显著（P>0.05）.乳球菌属（Lactococcus）和芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）为优势菌属,肠球菌属（Enterococcus）、葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）、克雷伯氏菌属（Klebsiella）、欧文氏菌属（Erwinia）、蜡样芽胞杆菌（Bacillus cereus）、无乳链球菌（Streptococcus agalactiae）和产气荚膜梭菌（Clostridium perfringens）等是兰州市春季空气环境的潜在病原菌.本研究结果为揭示兰州市春季微生物气溶胶污染状况以及相关病原菌对人类健康的潜在危害提供基础数据.     

锑矿周边稻田土壤垂直剖面锑砷形态与细菌群落结构分布及相互关系

为了解稻田土壤微生物对锑(Sb)和砷(As)污染的长期适应机制,本文以贵州省独山半坡锑矿和某锑矿冶炼厂周边稻田土壤为研究对象.采用野外布点和室内分析的方法,利用Illumina高通量测序技术对稻田垂直剖面土壤细菌16S rRNA V3～V4可变区进行测序,分析了土壤微生物的α多样性、物种丰度差异和组成情况,探讨了不同形态Sb和As在tc1(水耕熟化层)、tc2(渗育层)、tc3(犁底层)和tc4(水耕淀积层)的地球化学行为及其对细菌群落结构的影响.结果表明,研究区Sb和As的来源不同,Sb主要来源于大气沉降和人工投放,As则来源于成土母岩.变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)为各土层的主要优势菌门,具体表现为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是tc1和tc2的优势菌门,绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)是tc3和tc4的优势菌门.土壤剖面各土层多样性指数均在tc1达到最大值,在tc3达到最小值且差异不显著.相对重要性分析表明,总As、As(V)、TS和Fe(II)为影响多样性指数的主要因子.LEfSe分析表明,各土层差异指示种在不同分类水平上各不相同且tc1的数量高于tc2、tc3和tc4.如在门水平,tc1的差异指示种为疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia),tc3为热袍菌门(Thermotogae),tc4为硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae);在纲水平,tc1为α-变形菌纲(α-proteobacteria),tc2为β-变形菌纲(β-proteobacteria),tc3为热袍菌纲(Thermotogae),tc4为硝化螺旋菌纲(Nitrospirae).RDA分析和相对重要性分析表明,总As、As(III)、Sb(V)、总Sb和pH等对细菌门分类水平具有重要影响.共生网络分析进一步表明,Sb(III)和As(V)虽然对群落结构影响相对较小,但与特征性微生物却存在显著相关性,如Sb(III)与Defluviicoccus属显著相关,而As(V)对β-变形菌纲影响较为显著.     

石油污染地下水中细菌多样性研究

采集了某废弃炼油厂的石油污染地下水样品,提取水中微生物总DNA,构建细菌16S rDNA克隆文库,并通过16S rDNA序列的系统发育分析,对样品中的细菌种群多样性以及群落结构进行了研究.结果表明,文库中阳性克隆的16S rDNA序列分属10个细菌类群,分别为γ-Proteobacteria(49.1%)、α-Proteobacteria(12.9%)、β-Proteobacteria(11.1%)、Bacteroidetes(9.2%)、Verrucomicrobia(6.7%)、Acidobacteria(2.5%)、δ-Proteobacteria(1.2%)、Actinobacteria(1.2%)、Planctomycetes(0.6%)、Unidentifiedbacteria(5.5%).在这一生态系统中,γ-Proteobacteria类细菌占据主导地位,接近50%,尤其是假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)微生物在文库中的比例达35.6%.该石油污染地下水样品中细菌与许多其它已知的降解菌亲缘关系较近,如鞘胺醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas)、红球菌(Rhodococcus)和短波单胞菌(B...     

Screening and degrading characteristics and community structure of a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial consortium from contaminated soil

Inoculation with effcient microbes had been proved to be the most important way for the bioremediation of polluted environments. For the treatment of abandoned site of Beijing Coking Chemical Plant contaminated with high level of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(HMW-PAHs) ,a bacterial consortium capable of degrading HMW-PAHs,designated 1-18-1,was enriched and screened from HMW-PAHs contaminated soil.Its degrading ability was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) ,and the community structure was investigated by construction and analyses of the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries(A,B and F) at different transfers.The results indicated that 1-18-1 was able to utilize pyrene,fluoranthene and benzoapyrene as sole carbon and energy source for growth.The degradation rate of pyrene and fluoranthene reached 82.8%and 96.2%after incubation for 8 days at 30°C,respectively;while the degradation rate of benzoapyrene was only 65.1%after incubation for 28 days at 30°C. Totally,108,100 and 100 valid clones were randomly selected and sequenced from the libraries A,B,and F.Phylogenetic analyses showed that all the clones could be divided into 5 groups,Bacteroidetes,α-Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,β-Proteobacteria andγ-Proteobacteria.Sequence similarity analyses showed total 39 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) in the libraries.The predominant bacterial groups wereα-Proteobacteria(19 OTUs,48.7%) ,γ-Proteobacteria(9 OTUs,23.1%) andβ-Proteobacteria(8 OTUs,20.5%) . During the transfer process,the proportions ofα-Proteobacteria andβ-Proteobacteria increased greatly(from 47%to 93%) ,while γ-Proteobacteria decreased from 32%(library A) to 6%(library F) ;and Bacteroidetes group disappeared in libraries B and F.