乌梁素海芦苇枯落物分解动态及营养元素释放研究

乌梁素海是内蒙古高原干旱区最典型的浅水草型湖泊,湖滨带芦苇分布广袤,其收割方式是在冬季湖泊结冰后将冰面上芦苇收割,冰面下芦苇则留存在水中,而水下部分的分解是造成湖泊生物淤积的重要原因,且分解过程中营养元素的释放亦加剧了湖泊富营养化。通过分解袋法研究了湖泊水面下芦苇枯落物的分解动态及营养元素的释放过程,并探讨了芦苇枯落物分解的影响因素。结果表明:1)芦苇枯落物分解270 d后质量残留率为52.44%,分解速率常数为0.002 68 d~(-1),其分解50%需要0.83 a,分解95%需要3.19 a;2)芦苇枯落物分解过程中,N元素的分解状态呈现释放-分解-再释放的规律,P元素和C元素均处于持续释放的分解状态;3)芦苇枯落物分解期间,分解速率和营养元素含量动态受枯落物自身质量和环境因子共同影响,且环境因子(温度、溶解氧、pH值)与芦苇枯落物分解速率及元素释放动态相关性显著。研究表明,芦苇枯落物分解释放大量营养物质,对湖泊富营养化有一定的贡献,要进一步加强芦苇植物的收割以减轻植物腐烂分解对湖泊造成的二次污染,减少生物淤积作用。     

构建生态环境技术服务体系的基本定位与主要对策

四个方面的情况表明,我国必须高度重视生态环境技术服务体系建设问题:一是随着污染防治攻坚战在向纵深推进过程中,地方政府"不会管"、企业"不会治"的问题比较普遍,且日益突出;二是目前各级生态环境部门,特别是市、县两级生态环境技术支持力量薄弱、专业化能力不足,难以支撑当地政府和企业治理环境污染的技术需求;三是目前的生态环境技术服务市场尚满足不了实际需求;四是无论是从结构还是从作用看,生态环境技术服务体系已成为生态环境治理体系和治理能力的短板。因此,构建生态环境技术服务体系是推进生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要内容,其作用是,在要求环境责任主体做什么的同时,帮助和指导他们怎么做,解决"不会管"和"不会治"的问题。现阶段,政府推动构建生态环境技术服务体系的重点任务:一是明确职能,系统谋划,做好顶层设计;二是强化相关能力建设;三是建立和完善生态环境标准和重大规划与行动计划的配套技术方案制度;四是培育、壮大和规范生态环境技术服务市场;五是以生态环境科技成果转化为抓手,牵引技术服务体系建设。     

论环境教育的多维功能，看基础教育的新课题

本文论述环境教育的社会将就功能，知识结构功能，思想教育功能的内容，作用和意义；由此提出基本教育在上述方面与之相适应的改革方向和对策。     

Effect of complex nitrogen source on the synthesis and accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) by recombinantEscherichia coli in flask and fed-batch cultures

When a recombinantEscherichia coli XL1-Blue harboring pSYL105 was cultured in a complex medium, a poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) concentration of 7.16 g/L was obtained in 48 h. However, a PHB concentration of only 0.91 g/L was obtained in 60 h by culturing in a defined medium. Also, fed-batch culture in a defined medium resulted in considerably lower PHB accumulation than in a complex medium. With the aim to produce a high concentration of PHB at a reduced medium cost, we examined 10 complex nitrogen sources for their ability to promote PHB synthesis in a defined medium. Tryptone, casamino acids, and casein hydrolysate promoted PHB synthesis to a higher extent than the others tested. PHB synthesis was also enhanced during fedbatch cultures when a defined medium was supplemented with various complex nitrogen sources. With tryptone supplementation a PHB concentration of 66.7 g/L could be obtained in 44 h. Yeast extract was less effective for promoting PHB synthesis than tryptone. Corn steep liquor, which did not enhance PHB synthesis significantly, could promote PHB synthesis considerably when supplemented together with yeast extract in both flask and fed-batch cultures.     

自下而上进行区域自然灾害综合区划的方法研究：以湖南省为案例

概述了当前流行的自然灾害区划方法,提出了基本于单元的自下而上进行了图班合并的方法,该方法通过提取芭本单元的空间邻接系数,对传统的聚类分析方法进行了改进,并应用于空间图斑的合并中。     

加强乡镇生态建设 提升农村生态文明

风景优美、生态资源保护完好的浩饶山镇,自开展创建国家级生态乡镇工作以来,以坚持政府组织、部门配合、全镇上下通力合作的工作态势,促使创建工作有序进行。本文主要对浩绕山镇的自然状况、社会经济、生态环境等方面的现状做了详细的调查与评价,通过对浩扰山镇创建工作的深度剖析,更好的开展国家级生态乡镇创建工作。     

土壤渗滤对污染河流重金属去除效果研究

本试验通过模拟野外河滩土壤渗滤,分析测定原水和渗滤出水水质重金属浓度,研究天然土壤和填充碎石、沸石、活性炭、陶粒的土壤组合介质对水中重金属浓度的去除效果。结果表明：天然土壤和填充碎石、沸石、陶粒的土壤组合介质对河水中Hg的平均去除率分别为73．3％、49．4％、25．0％、75．0％。填充沸石的土壤组合介质在运行15天左右对河水中Cd的去除率也能达到30％。     

Influences, practices and opportunities for environmental supply chain management in Nova Scotia SMEs

Executives are increasingly paying attention to the importance of supply chain management [Lambert DM, Cooper MC. Issues in supply chain management. Industrial Marketing Management 2000;29(1):65–83; Hagelaar GJLF, van der Vorst JGAJ. Environmental supply chain management: using life cycle assessment to structure supply chains. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 2002;4:399–412]. The management of the supply chain can be a central aspect of a company's competitive advantage [Preuss L. Rhetoric and reality of corporate greening: a view from the supply chain management function. Business Strategy and the Environment 2005;14:123–139]. SCM also offers considerable opportunities to reduce a company's environmental impact. The supply chains of three small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in the Burnside Industrial Park in Nova Scotia, Canada were investigated to explore the opportunities to improve environmental performance of SMEs linked in supply chains. This study confirmed that time and, to a lesser degree, financial resources to address solid waste and energy issues are the greatest limiting factors. Small suppliers, and even to a certain degree medium-sized enterprises, have difficulties in allocating resources to initiatives that are not viewed as directly related to their core function, namely manufacturing the product or providing the service. This study clearly demonstrated that opportunities exist to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and solid waste. Although, the benefits that would be gained from the implementation of any of the individual actions in the supply chains explored in this study are individually small, the cumulative benefits that could be achieved among supply chains and within industrial parks are substantial, given the number of small- and medium-sized enterprises.     

运营量增加和交通声环境质量的改变应列为环境影响评价的要素

公路交通噪声的产生与变化同公路周围建设项目或是在原有公路上增加运营量有关,因此提出了应将建设项目因增加的运营量所引起的交通噪声的变化,作为环境影响评价的要素之一。通过对美国联邦公路管理局（FHWA）模式进行简化,获得用车流量表示的公路交通噪声增量的计算公式,通过现状监测值与投产后因运营量的增加而引起的噪声增量直接相加,可预测交通噪声的改变值。由此可预测和评价建设项目投产后,因运营量的增加而引起的交通声环境质量的变化情况。     

新经济体系的建立——对循环经济的思考

现在社会线性型经济体系造成了社会的不可持续发展,必须要建立循环型经济体系来解决发展和环境的矛盾,本文浅析了线性经济体系的缺陷、循环经济的特点和实现载体以及中国在循环经济方面存在的问题和解决途径。