生态哲学的功能与生态素质的提升

生态素质作为以生态世界观和生态方法论为核心、以生态价值观和生态伦理观为观照、以生态思维方式和生态行为规范为主要内容的人的内化物,它必然体现当今乃至未来人类素质的主体内容和发展的主导趋势。在新的历史条件下,生态哲学的研究应全面强化在有效提升人的生态素质方面的独特功能。     

The dualistic approach of FCA: a further insight into Ontario Lake sediments

The investigation of object-by-attribute matrices is very common in statistics and data analysis with the aim of uncovering every possible relationship among objects and/or attributes. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a method, which stems directly from partial order and lattice theory, which provides an efficient tool to symmetrically uncover linkages among objects and attributes whenever a relation stands among the two sets. It provides efficacious graphical representation and computes association rules between attributes, thus helping in the detection of possible synergism or antagonism of attributes. In this paper, FCA potentialities are discussed and described by means of a case study already investigated by other partial order techniques: the case of Lake Ontario sediment samples. Data derive from a ‘test battery’ for a simultaneous analysis of degradation of Lake Ontario samples, which are basically of two typologies: hygienic and toxicity tests. A multi-valued approach is adopted to cope with the ordinal feature of data. Results highlight interesting interaction among hygienic compounds and a synergism between the two toxicity tests.     

辐射干扰下通信接收系统的阻塞性能研究

本文主要在通信接收系统抗阻塞干扰性能方面做分析研究。根据阻塞干扰的原理,分析系统线性度指标,通过建立通信接收系统行为级仿真模型实现阻塞干扰对通信系统的影响,并提出了若干避免和解决阻塞干扰的方法措施。该研究对辐射干扰下通信接收系统的设计和性能分析具有很好的理论指导意义。     

斑马鱼幼鱼运动行为测试评价饮用水安全

饮用水安全直接关乎人类的健康与安全,当前迫切需要全新的毒性测试方法对饮用水的潜在人类健康风险进行全面、准确和灵敏的评估和预警。本研究以反渗透技术(RO)取代常用的固相萃取,分别浓缩饮用水厂的进厂水、出厂水和管网水进行毒性试验水样的前处理。反渗透技术前处理方法可以避免传统固相萃取方法中使用的有机溶剂对行为学测试体系的干扰。RO浓缩后的饮用水对斑马鱼胚胎进行持续暴露,采用Viewpoint行为测试软件量化分析出生后第6天(6 dpf)斑马鱼幼鱼的运动行为,选择运动距离和转向行为作为测试终点,分析进厂水、出厂水及管网水的潜在毒性及可能变化。结果表明,暴露在进厂水的幼鱼出现了明显的行为变化,尤其在较高浓度(20倍浓缩)暴露时,运动距离相比对照组显著减少,同时伴有剧烈的转向等异常行为;管网水对斑马鱼幼鱼行为存在一定程度的影响,而出厂水对幼鱼的运动行为没有显著影响。研究结果反映出当前饮用水厂深度处理工艺可以有效降低进厂水的潜在毒性和健康风险,但是经供水管网输送后,其水质可能发生了改变,导致管网水可能存在潜在的毒性。本研究所采用的反渗透技术前处理技术及斑马鱼幼鱼的运动行为学测试方法,可用于未来建立评估饮用水水质安全的早期预警系统。     

马拉硫磷和百菌清胁迫下斑马鱼行为变化的研究

以马拉硫磷和百菌清为胁迫因子,本文研究了2种污染物暴露下斑马鱼行为强度的变化。首先通过急性毒性试验确定了2种农药对斑马鱼24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的半致死浓度(LC50),其次以LC50-48 h为1个染毒单位(TU),在0.01 TU、0.1 TU、0.5 TU、1 TU、2 TU 5个条件下,本文开展了斑马鱼行为学研究。结果显示,48 h马拉硫磷暴露斑马鱼的LC50为5 mg·L~(-1),百菌清暴露斑马鱼的LC50为0.01 mg·L~(-1)。随着污染物浓度增大,综合行为强度变化幅度增大。在设置的暴露浓度下,斑马鱼的行为强度在急剧增大或减小后都出现了明显的调节适应过程,基本符合环境压力模型。通过比较在不同频率下的影响强度,马拉硫磷和百菌清暴露斑马鱼摆鳍所受影响最大。本研究提示,水质监测中可增加斑马鱼摆鳍观察指标。     

煤矿领导者和监管者的行为决策演化博弈分析

为完善煤矿企业内部安全监管体系,协调安全投入和监管的行为决策,对企业领导决策者和监督管理者的行为决策进行演化博弈分析.构建领导决策者和监督管理者的双群体演化博弈模型;根据博弈模型建立复制动态方程,通过雅可比矩阵对其进行局部稳定性分析并讨论系统的演化稳定策略(ESS);应用数值模拟分析验证博弈模型和结论.结果表明:安全投...     

基于ANP的煤矿员工非意向不安全行为影响因素研究

为量化分析非意向不安全行为的影响因素,基于专家判断法和网络层次分析法（ANP）,运用超级决策（SD）软件分析评价了30个因素对非意向不安全行为的影响。结果表明:对国有大中型煤炭企业而言,个体特征、组织及任务、机械设备对非意向不安全行为有很大的影响,环境因素对非意向不安全行为影响权重相对较小;应急反应、应急演练、信息传递、注意力、监督反馈、安全警示、工作经验、应急设施、作业规范、疲劳程度等10个因素是企业干预、控制非意向不安全行为的重点关注因素。     

Uncovering context-induced status quo effects in choice experiments

In this study five design dimensions are varied systematically investigating context-induced status quo effects in choice experiments. Additionally, two structural complexity measures, entropy and the number of attribute level changes, are used to capture status quo effects from the similarity between alternatives and the number of trade-offs. A crucial finding is that the frequency of status quo choices is negatively associated with the number of alternatives indicating preference matching effects. By contrast, the probability of choosing the status quo increases with a higher number of choice tasks, a wider level range, and the similarity between alternatives. Status quo choices are further affected by the current environmental situation perceived by respondents. We also find that marginal and non-marginal welfare estimates are significantly affected by the choice design. One key finding is that the most used choice task format in environmental economics, i.e., two hypothetical and a status quo alternative, is likely to increase the propensity to choose the status quo option.     

Public Nutrition from an Approach to a Discipline: Concern's Nutrition Case Studies in Complex Emergencies

The Public Nutrition approach, like that of Public Health, is context specific. It places an emphasis on populations rather than individuals and is inter-disciplinary in nature. Both approaches seek to understand the complex aetiology of a clinical outcome such as malnutrition within the widest possible framework. Public Nutrition uses the UNICEF conceptual framework and adapts and expands it. The authors of this article argue – through the examination of a number of case studies taken from the work of Concern Worldwide (hereafter referred to as Concern) in southern Sudan, Rwanda, Angola, Tanzania and DRC – that there are two critical constituents of the Public Nutrition approach. These are: a contextual analysis (including the use of surveillance information for programme design and advocacy) and community involvement at all stages of the project cycle. Some of the key obstacles to the adoption of the Public Nutrition approach are identified by illustrating two practical programme settings. For the Public Nutrition approach to be more widely used, the authors recommend a number of key strategies including the further dissemination of case studies and the clarification of the scope and boundaries of the approach. These strategies will enable Public Nutrition to evolve both as a practical programme framework as well as an academic discipline.     

面向船闸船舶的在线多目标跟踪技术研究

目的 满足船闸船舶在线跟踪要求,改善由于复杂背景、遮挡等因素导致轨迹不连续和身份变更的问题,提出一种增强上下文联系和上下文注意力的多目标跟踪方法。方法 基于设计的在线系统,采集连续帧图像,改进FairMOT多目标跟踪模型。首先,通过在骨干网络设计基于Bottleneck和Contextual Transformer的上下文建模模块,以加强上下文联系,增强场景理解的能力。其次,在迭代聚合后的特征图上应用全局上下文注意力,提高定位船舶目标的能力。结果 相对于原生的Fair MOT方法,设计上下文建模模块后,多目标跟踪准确度指标MOTA提高2.1%,继续添加全局上下文注意力MOTA,共计提高3.5%,同时在多项指标中取得了最佳表现。结论 改进的Fair MOT方法不仅拥有更强的轨迹保持能力,而且在身份维持方面更胜一筹。