Understanding resident satisfaction with involvement in highway planning: in-depth interviews during a highway planning process in the Netherlands

This study investigates resident satisfaction with provided involvement activities during highway planning processes, with particular attention given to the planned Southern Ring Road highway project in Groningen, the Netherlands. In-depth interviews with 38 residents living in the project area reveal important themes contributing to satisfaction. Satisfaction with passive information activities is motivated by the extent to which information addresses concerns, but (dis)trust in government and other information sources also plays a role. For residents preferring to obtain additional information, perceived access to such information and the extent to which it reduces concerns are also important to satisfaction. Finally, for residents who would rather participate actively, satisfaction is motivated by their perceived access to participation activities and the sense of being heard. Study results show how residents’ evaluations of the themes underpinning involvement satisfaction are based on their perceptions of actual project team activities and contextual factors.     

考虑行为特征的人群疏散模拟研究*

为研究聚集活动中的行人在移动过程中所表现出的行为特征对人群整体移动过程的影响,通过实验观察与计算机仿真模拟的方法对人员移动进行研究。通过对实验视频的观察分析,在CTM模型基础上建立考虑人员跟随行为与保持距离行为特性的移动模型,并在简单无障碍和复杂多障碍的场景进行仿真实验。结果表明:模型能有效地描述行人的运动特征,而且拥挤程度和行人间排斥作用越大时行人移动越慢,整个疏散过程花费时间越长;障碍物的存在会影响人群在出口处的“成拱现象”,对理解人员的运动规律和防止拥挤踩踏事故具有一定理论和现实意义。     

几种天敌对麦蚜蜜露的行为反应

麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜蜜露的主要糖分为果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖及两种未知糖分．其中前者以蔗糖含量最高，后者则不含蔗糖．其游离氨基酸种类基本相同，但后者蜜露中未鉴定出苏氨酸；除丙氨酸和组氨酸外，麦长管蚜中各类氨基酸的含量明显高于禾谷缢管蚜，其中单头麦长管蚜日分泌氨基酸量以亮氨酸和丙氨酸最高，分别达到了0．204 7ng和0．137 7ng，而禾谷缢管蚜以丙氨酸和亮氨酸最高，分别达到了0．154 3ng和0．102 5ng．随着蜜露含量的增加，各天敌的搜索与滞留时间显著延长，但逐渐趋于平缓，基本符合逻辑斯蒂增长．燕麦蚜茧蜂在两种蚜虫蜜露上的搜索与滞留时间差异显著，而瓢虫与草蛉类的搜索与滞留时间差异不显著，说明蜜露对捕食性和寄生性天敌的影响不同．图3表1参13     

中国股市账面市值比效应成因分析：基于行为金融视角

本文将账面市值比分解为反映公司基本面的有形收益和反映投资者主观预期的无形收益,以1994-2008年间在沪深两市交易的A股公司为研究样本,实证考察投资者对账面市值比中不同元素的反应,结果显示,投资者对公司发展前景的主观预期过分乐观或者悲观引发市场过度反应,随着市场回归理性,股票收益发生反转导致账面市值比效应。     

基于期望运行轨迹的车道变换行为安全性分析

为解决车道变换行为对交通运行安全影响的定量分析难题,基于车辆和驾驶员行为特性,构建车道变换行为期望运行轨迹,提出基于缓和曲线的轨迹形式,并结合车道变换行为引发的4种碰撞形式,在车辆运行纵向和横向分别构建安全运行判断方程和安全运行限制方程,分析安全距离对运行速度和车辆侧向加速度梯度的敏感度,给出车道变换行为安全运行判断方程的应用案例。研究结果表明,侧向加速度的变化梯度直接影响车道变换的安全性。     

Impacts of Human Behavioral Heterogeneity on the Benefits of Probabilistic Flood Warnings: An Agent‐Based Modeling Framework

Flood forecasts and warnings are intended to reduce flood‐related property damages and loss of human life. Considerable research has improved flood forecasting accuracy (e.g., more accurate prediction of the occurrence of flood events) and lead time. However, the delivery of improved forecast information alone is not necessarily sufficient to reduce flood damage and loss of life, as people have varying responses and reactions to flood warnings. This study develops an agent‐based modeling framework that evaluates the impacts of heterogeneity in human behaviors (i.e., variation in behaviors in response to flood warnings), as well as residential density, on the benefits of flood warnings. The framework is coupled with a traffic model to simulate evacuation processes within a road network under various flood warning scenarios. The results show the marginal benefit associated with providing better flood warnings is significantly constrained if people behave in a more risk‐tolerant manner, especially in high‐density residential areas. The results also show significant impacts of human behavioral heterogeneity on the benefits of flood warnings, and thus stress the importance of considering human behavioral heterogeneity in simulating flood warning‐response systems. Further study is suggested to more accurately model human responses and behavioral heterogeneity, as well as to include more attributes of residential areas to estimate and improve the benefits of flood warnings.     

区域绿地概念形成脉络与深层发展研究

《城市绿地分类标准》(CJJ/T 85-2017)中区域绿地概念是构建区域生态安全格局的重要"生态源"与"锚固点",目前被视为提升人类福祉的重要环节。总结国内外相关研究进展,本文从宏观、中观、微观三个尺度,梳理国内外具有区域绿地类型特征的生态用地起源与形成脉络。根据我国区域绿地所处的发展阶段,分析今后我国区域绿地的发展方向,从三个方面探讨区域绿地深层发展方向:①依据区域绿地类型划分保护的优先级,建立完善的保护政策;②深化研究区域绿地空间形态与功能的耦合协调机制,促进区域绿地最优效能发挥;③统筹多类型的区域绿地,维系区域一体化可持续发展。     

2种有机磷农药联合胁迫下日本青鳉的逐级行为响应

采用水质安全在线生物预警系统(BEWs)记录行为强度数据,探讨了2种有机磷农药敌百虫和对硫磷联合胁迫下,不同暴露浓度、不同暴露时间日本青鳉的行为响应.在不同浓度比例的农药暴露中,20、10、5、1和0.1TU的暴露浓度下行为反应时间分别为:1.4、4.8、6.4、32.2和43.0h,并且每个浓度不同配比之间行为反应时间差异不明显.结果表明,在2种有机磷农药的暴露下,日本青鳉的逐级行为响应既受化合物浓度高低的影响,又受暴露时间的影响,但每个浓度的不同配比之间的行为响应时间差异不明显,而且每个浓度2种药物不同配比暴露下的青鳉鱼的逐级行为响应基本一致,即2种作用机制相似的有机磷农药对日本青鳉的行为毒性是简单的相加作用.     

城市的记忆--工业废弃地更新、改造浅析

针对在城市发展中出现的工业废弃地的问题,文章立足于城市的更新、改造,结合当今国内外城市工业废弃地更新、改造的实践,从城市历史文化的角度,对工业废弃地的更新、改造的理论和方法在宏观和微观两个层面进行了分析和探讨.     

Agency and structure: a grounded theory approach to explain land-use change in the Mindo and western foothills of Pichincha,Ecuador

ABSTRACT

Although life and land decisions are individual, driven by perceptions of reality, they reflect broader social processes. This research aims to understand relevant land-use change processes and the context within which land-use change occurs in the study area. For this, we employ grounded theory techniques and procedures to analyze narratives and life history interviews. Based on these narratives, we re-construct past land-use changes. Additionally, we identify structural conditions that drive change, several dimensions of change, including cultural-cognitive dimensions, and future discourses. The identified structural conditions motivate changes in concepts, actions, and practices, in land-use, and institutions, eventually leading to generational changes. Further research is needed to examine how the so-called structural conditions producing change varies in different settings and contexts. These findings can provide insight into certain patterns and knowledge that may contribute to community planning, policy design, and the conception of sustainable solutions with more grounded knowledge.