七星河湿地氨氧化古菌多样性和丰度及其与环境因子的相关性分析

以典型东北寒温带沼泽湿地——七星河湿地中芦苇和小叶樟植被下不同深度土壤中氨氧化古菌(Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea,AOA)为研究对象,以编码氨氧化作用关键酶——氨单加氧酶(AMO)的amo A基因为分子标记,通过构建克隆文库和生物信息学方法分析数据,考察了不同植被环境中AOA多样性和丰度的垂直分布规律,及其与环境因子的相关性.研究结果表明,小叶樟植被土壤中AOA amo A基因多样性显著高于芦苇植被土壤中amo A基因多样性,芦苇植被土壤中AOA amo A基因多样性在深度为40~60 cm土层中最高,AOA多样性与NH+4-N、NO-3-N含量呈正相关;小叶樟植被土壤中AOA amo A基因多样性在深度为20~40 cm土层中最高,AOA多样性与NH+4-N、NO-3-N含量呈正相关.芦苇植被土壤中AOA丰度最低值出现于0~20 cm土层中,到20~40 cm土层中出现最高值,随着深度增加AOA丰度下降,AOA丰度则与NO-2-N含量呈正相关.小叶樟植被土壤中AOA丰度变化趋势与芦苇不同,最高值出现于0~20 cm土层中,随着土层深度增加AOA丰度下降,到40~60 cm出现最低值,AOA丰度与NO-2-N、TOC含量呈正相关.两种植被土壤中AOA丰度均在60~90 cm处有升高趋势.芦苇植被土壤中AOA丰度约是小叶樟植被土壤中AOA丰度的1.49倍.以上结果为湿地AOA生态功能及分布模式的研究提供基础数据,对全球氮循环的研究提供补充.     

Direct toxicity of amyloid beta peptide on rat brain mitochondria: preventive role of Mangifera indica and Juglans regia

Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress has been well documented in various cognitive-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evidence indicates that Aß formation impairs mitochondrial function and that mitochondrial dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of AD. The present study was, therefore, designed to investigate the direct toxicity of Aß peptide on isolated mitochondria obtained from rat brain. Various mitochondrial toxicity/integrity parameters such as succinate dehydrogenase activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse (MMP), mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release were measured following the addition of Aß peptide on isolated mitochondria and then, mitoprotective effect of aqueous extracts of Mangifera indica and Juglans regia against mitochondrial toxicity endpoints parameters induced by Aß peptide were assessed. Our results showed that exposure to Aß peptide (30 nM) in isolated brain mitochondria induced mitochondrial ROS formation, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release which is the starting point of apoptosis signaling. All these mitochondrial toxic endpoints induced by Aß peptide inhibited by aqueous extracts of Mangifera indica (100–400 µg/ml) and Juglans regia (200–400 µg/ml). To our knowledge, this is one of the first apparent studies to claim directly targeting of brain mitochondria and induction of apoptosis by Aß peptide as a new hypothesis for etiology of AD and other related neurodegenerative diseases as well as mitopreventive role of common antioxidant nutritional products including walnut and mango.     

Quantitative analysis of riparian herbaceous community in Liaohe River Conservation Area and its tributaries北大核心CSCD

Research on community characteristics of riparian herbs is an important scientific basis of riparian vegetation rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the species diversity and quantitative characteristics of riparian herbs in Liaohe River Conservation Area and its tributaries. Herbaceous communities were investigated by sample line method. Group average clustering analysis and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) were used to find the major environmental factors affecting the distribution pattern of riparian herbaceous communities. The result showed altogether 154 herbaceous species, belonging to 40 families and 96 genera. The riparian herbaceous species diversity was found to be correlated to river slope, sinuosity and stream order, being lower in rivers of mountain area than in rivers of plain area, and higher in tributaries than in Liaohe River Conservation Area. Clustering analysis classified the herbaceous communities into 23 types, being dominated by hygrophytes including communities of Echinochloa crusgalli, Oenanthe javanica, Polygonum hydropiper, Murdannia keisak, Artemisia selengensis, Scirpus triqueter, Heleocharis soloniensis, Pycreus sanguinolentus, Cyperus fuscus, Phragmites australis, Polygonum amphibium, Carex diandra + Artemisia selengensis and Carex diandra + Rorippa islandica. Correlation analysis between DCA ordination axes and environmental factors showed that the altitude, river slope, sinuosity and stream level were the major environmental factors affecting the distribution pattern of herbaceous communities in the riparian zone of Liaohe River Conservation Area and its tributaries. The results of CCA showed that the contribution ratio of stream level was the highest, followed by altitude and slope, with sinuosity the last. The results suggested that riparian herbaceous characteristics are affected by the comprehensive force of altitude, river slope, sinuosity and stream order, and that Calamagrostis epigeios, Triarrhena sacchariflora and Phragmites australis are suitable species for riparian vegetation rehabilitation.     

紫色土丘陵坡地土壤微生物群落的季节变化

采用稀释平板法和Biolog-ECO微平板技术,以剌槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）天然次生林为研究对象,研究湖南省衡阳市紫色土丘陵坡地表层（0~10 cm）土壤微生物群落的季节变化特征。结果表明：1）夏季,土壤微生物总数,细菌数量、真菌数量和放线菌数量最高,分别为16.34×106、16.09×106、10.43×104和14.64×104 cfu·g-1干土,春季次之：11.61×106、11.45×106、5.00×104和10.65×104 cfu·g-1干土,秋季最低：5.87×106、5.78×106、4.67×104和4.08×104 cfu·g-1干土,春、夏和秋3季的差异达显著水平（P<0.05）;2）在培养168 h时,土壤微生物C源平均颜色变化率（Average well color development, AWCD）以夏季最高（1.20）,春季次之（0.88）,秋季最低（0.83）;3）土壤微生物功能多样性表现为夏季明显高于春、秋2季（P<0.05）,夏季的Patrick丰富度指数（R）（28）、Shannon-Wiener指数（H）（3.22）、Simpson指数（D）（0.96）和McIntosh指数（U）（8.20）显著高于春、秋2季（P<0.05）,而春、秋2季的R（23,24）、H（3.06,3.08）、D（0.95,0.95）和U（5.90,5.91）无显著差异（P>0.05）;4）氨基酸类、聚合物类和羧酸C源类是衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地土壤微生物偏好且利用率较高的C源类型;5）主成分分析表明,土壤微生物群落的C源利用可分为2类,一类在夏季,另一类在春、秋2季,其得分系数的分布范围分别为（2.59~6.00,2.43~5.09）和（-7.65~-1.90,-6.38~-3.43）。研究结果为科学评价湖南省衡阳市紫色土丘陵坡地土壤生境质量退化和恢复过程中微生物特征的变化提供了本底值参考。     

Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at a large-scale antimony mining area in southern China

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have great potential for assisting heavy metal hyperaccumulators in the remediation of contaminated soils. However, little information is available about the community composition of AMF under natural conditions in soils contaminated by antimony (Sb). The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of AMF molecular diversity, and to explore the effects of Sb content and soil properties on the AMF community structure in an Sb mining area. Four Sb mine spoils and one adjacent reference area were selected from around the Xikuangshan mine in southern China. The association of AMF molecular diversity and community composition with the rhizosphere soils of the dominant plant species was studied by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Results from all five studied sites showed that the diversity of AMF decreased with increasing Sb concentration. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the AMF community structure was markedly different among these groups. Further redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that Sb contaminationwas the dominating factor influencing the AMF community structure in the Sb mine area. However, the multivariate analysis showed that, apart from the soil Sb content, extractable nitrogen content and organic matter content also attributed to AMF sequence distribution type. Some AMF sequences were only found in the highly contaminated area and these might be ideal candidates for improving phytoremediation efficiency in Sb mining regions. Gene sequencing analysis revealed that most species were affiliated with Glomus, suggesting that Glomus was the dominant AMF genus in the studied Sb mining area.     

黄河三角洲自然保护区秋冬季水鸟群落组成与生境关系分析

于2014年10月至2015年1月采用样线调查法对黄河三角洲自然保护区秋季迁徙期和越冬期水鸟群落结构进行调查研究,调查共包括8条样线40个观测点.结果表明:(1)秋季迁徙期共记录水鸟6目14科54种,国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类5种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类8种;越冬期共记录水鸟5目7科31种,国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类4种.(2)2个时期雁形目水鸟种类和数量均占优势,豆雁(Anser fabalis)、斑嘴鸭(Anas poecilorhycha)、赤膀鸭(Anas strepera)和绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)为优势物种,丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)、东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)和大大鹅(Cygnus cygnus)等珍稀水鸟也有一定的种群数量.(3)秋季迁徙期水鸟种数、数量和ShannonWiener多样性指数多于或高于越冬期.(4)5种典型生境之间水鸟种类和数量存在差异,天然水域是水鸟群落的主要分布区.(5)自然生境内的水鸟种数、数量和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数一般多于或高于人工生境.相似性分析结果表明,自然生境之间水鸟群落结构相似程度高于人工生境.     

Influencing diversity beliefs through a personal testimonial,promotion-focused approach

Although researchers have highlighted the importance of diversity beliefs (i.e., team members' perceived value of diversity) for the elaboration of information in teams, little attention has been paid to whether and how diversity beliefs can be shaped. Drawing on theory and research on team diversity beliefs, we propose that diversity beliefs are more effectively influenced by interventions using a promotion (compared with a prevention) focus toward diversity and personal testimonial (compared with factual) knowledge. Results from an experiment conducted with 175 teams revealed that both a promotion focus and personal testimonial knowledge independently contributed to more positive diversity beliefs and consequently increased team elaboration of task-relevant information as well as integration of different perspectives. Our results reveal key factors that can influence diversity beliefs and underscore the pivotal role of diversity beliefs in improving the extent to which team members elaborate information and integrate diverse perspectives.     

闽江河口互花米草海向入侵对湿地土壤nirS型反硝化微生物群落结构及多样性的影响

2020年秋季,在闽江河口鳝鱼滩东部的互花米草分布区,由陆向海方向选择互花米草海向入侵前的光滩(MF)、入侵1～2年的互花米草湿地(SAN)和入侵6～7年的互花米草湿地(SA)为研究对象.基于高通量测序技术,探讨了互花米草海向入侵对土壤nir S型反硝化微生物群落结构及多样性的影响.结果表明,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)均是互花米草不同入侵阶段土壤中nir S型反硝化微生物的优势门(90.41%～97.36%),其次是厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria),三者在SAN和MF土壤中的丰度均与SA存在显著差异(p<0.05).不同入侵阶段土壤中共有的nir S型反硝化细菌属为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、偶氮弧菌属(Azoarcus)、陶厄氏菌属(Thauera)、Sulfurifustis属、副球菌属(Paracoccus)、鲁杰氏菌属(Ruegeria)、红肠命菌属(Rubrivivax)、趋磁螺菌属(Magnetospirillum)和福格斯氏菌属(Vogesella),其中,假单胞菌属是...     

不同施肥方式对东北旱田黑土nirK和nirS型反硝化细菌群落结构的影响及黑土保护建议

反硝化过程是土壤氮素循环的重要过程之一,与土壤氮肥损失和温室气体排放紧密相关。通过分析不同施肥方式对东北旱田黑土nirK型和nirS型反硝化细菌群落结构的影响及其与N₂O排放的关系,证实黑土中nirK型比nirS型反硝化细菌多样性丰富,且更易受土壤理化性质的影响。施入化肥会降低东北旱田黑土反硝化细菌多样性、N₂O释放量和土壤养分含量,而有机肥的施入虽然可提高土壤养分含量,但是也会显著增加土壤反硝化作用,存在潜在的负面环境效应。因此对黑土地的保护要积极推行种养结合,建立可循环农业体系;适当配施有机肥料,调节黑土微生物活力;大力完善相关制度,营造科学管理新规范,从而构建我国黑土保护的立体格局。     

三峡库区消落带落羽杉人工林土壤细菌群落结构多样性及动态变化

消落带是连接陆地与水域的交错地带,具有重要的生态功能,其适生木本植物的种植对消落带土壤的生物地球化学循环起着重要的作用.为探究适生植物对三峡库区消落带环境的适应机制,采用高通量测序技术对消落带退水后适生植物落羽杉(Taxodium distichum)不同生长时期(T1:5月、 T2:7月和T3:9月)的土壤细菌群落组成及多样性进行研究,同时采用PICRUSt2对细菌功能进行预测.结果表明,土壤pH值、硝态氮、铵态氮、土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脲酶等理化指标随时间变化显著(P<0.05);土壤细菌多样性、丰富度和结构也随时间变化而变化,除Chao1以外,根际土壤细菌的α多样性均表现为：T1>T2>T3,非根际土壤细菌α多样性则表现为：T3>T1>T2. RDA分析表明,影响细菌群落的理化指标主要有土壤pH值、脲酶、铵态氮和硝态氮.所有土壤样本中共检测到细菌60门,其中以变形菌门和酸杆菌门为优势细菌门.根据PICRUSt2预测,代谢是落羽杉土壤细菌群落中普遍存在的基本功能,与C、 N和P有关的各代谢途径存在一定的时间差异.以上研究结果有助于加深对三峡消落带植被修复...