滇池草海间隙水与上覆水氮磷时空变化特征

本文连续12个月监测了滇池草海柱状沉积物间隙水和上覆水不同形态氮磷浓度的垂向变化,揭示了不同季节间隙水与上覆水氮磷浓度差异及其形态组成贡献率,探讨了间隙水氮磷组成及氮/磷比值在湖泊富营养化及内负荷控制中的重要意义.结果表明:(1)草海间隙水NH_4~+-N浓度显著高于上覆水,而上覆水中NO_3~--N浓度显著高于间隙水,春、夏和秋季(2~11月)间隙水SRP浓度显著高于上覆水,而冬季(12月和1月)则与之恰好相反;(2)草海间隙水以NH_4~+-N和SRP贡献为主,分别占DTN和DTP的61%和78%,而上覆水则以DON和DOP贡献为主,分别占DTN和DTP的44%和81%,与春季和冬季相比,夏、秋季间隙水NH_4~+-N和SRP贡献率显著增加,而NO_3~--N、DON和DOP贡献率明显下降;(3)草海间隙水DTN/DTP、(NH_4~+-N+NO_3~--N)/SRP和DON/DOP比值均表现为春季冬季夏季秋季,而上覆水氮/磷比值则以春季较高,夏、秋和冬季相对较低.     

微生物修复油污土壤过程中氮素的变化及菌群生态效应

对陕北地区石油污染土壤进行了微生物修复研究,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)测定土壤中烷烃和多环芳烃的含量变化,采用高通量测序技术研究微生物修复对油污土壤微生物群落多样性的影响,对修复过程中土壤不同形态氮含量变化进行了分析测定.结果表明,经过18周的修复,土壤中烷烃含量由初始时的25 987.8mg·kg~(-1)降低为12 788.6 mg·kg~(-1),多环芳烃含量由初始时的5 322.9 mg·kg~(-1)降低为2 917.2mg·kg~(-1).高通量测序结果表明,经过微生物修复处理的土壤微生物群落结构发生了较大变化,一些可降解烃类的菌群如厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacterodetes)、迪茨氏菌属(Dietzia)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)所占丰度增加.经过修复处理的土壤中总氮、氨氮含量呈降低趋势,硝态氮含量在修复前期呈降低趋势,修复后期基本保持不变.研究结果表明,微生物修复处理可去除土壤中的大部分烷烃和多环芳烃,烷烃和多环芳烃的降解效果与土壤中硝氮含量和烃降解菌所占丰度相关.     

Relationship between catchment characteristics and forms of nitrogen in Cao-E River Basin, Eastern China

The distribution of different nitrogen forms and their spatial and temporal variations in different pollution types of tributaries or reaches were investigated. Based on the catchments characteristics the tributaries or reaches can be classified into 4 types including headwater in mountainous areas (type I), agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution in rural areas (type II), municipal and industrial pollution in urban areas (type III), and combined pollution in the main stream (type IV). Water samples were collected monthly from July 2003 to June 2006 in the Cao-E River basin in Zhejiang, Eastern China. The concentrations of NO3-N, NH4+-N, and total nitrogen (TN) were measured. The mean concentrations of NO3-N were in the order type IV > type II> type III > type I, whereas, NH4+-N, total organic nitrogen (TON), and TN were in the order type III > type IV > type II> type I. In headwater and rural reaches, CNO3-N was much higher than CNH4+-N. In urban reaches, TON and NH4+-N were the main forms, accounting for 54.7% and 32.1% of TN, respectively. In the whole river system, CNH4+-N decrease with increasing distance from cities, and CNO3-N increased with the increasing area of farmland in the catchments. With increased river flow, the CNO3-N increased and the CNH4+-N decreased in all types of reaches, while the variations of CTON and CTN were different. For TN, the concentration may be decreased with the increase of river flow, but the export load always increased.     

Aniline removal by Photocatalytic reaction of iron(iii) mediated with dissolved organic matter

When light (> 370 nm) was allowed to interact with an aqueous solution containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) and Fe(III), removal of aniline (AN) was observed. This was due to the photocatalytic reaction of Fe(III) mediated by DOM. Syringic acid (SYA) and humic acid (HA) were used as DOM in the present study. The ¹⁵N‐NMR spectrum of the product mixture from the light irradiation of the SYA/Fe(III) system demonstrated that AN was covalently bound to SYA. The kinetics of AN removal were, therefore, interpreted by assuming covalent binding between DOM and AN. The amounts of covalent binding sites and the apparent second‐order rate constants could be evaluated, and the amounts of covalent binding sites decreased with the increases of the concentration of DOM. This is attributed that the polymerization of DOM by the photo‐oxidation competed with the covalent binding between AN and DOM.     

高硫煤热解部分气化过程中硫的变迁行为

针对3种不同煤阶的高硫煤,分别在固定床反应器中考察其固定升温速率下原煤热解和半焦在不同温度下的水蒸气部分气化过程中的硫变迁行为.研究过程分为热解和部分气化2个子过程.结果表明,热解过程中大同、义马和西山煤总脱硫率分别为41%、42.5%和23.1%,其过程中FeS₂完全转化为FeS,不稳定的有机硫部分析出,硫从固相中的脱除大于碳的转化,硫在气相中得到富集;在部分气化过程中,对于大同和西山煤,半焦中硫含量可有效降低,脱硫率分别提高26.47%和19.37%,其中无机硫化物(FeS)易于气化析出,其析出程度随温度升高而增大.但对义马煤焦部分气化结果证实:在700℃气化时,总脱硫率可提高24.60%,在高于700℃气化时,有利于碱土金属与H₂S反应进行,同时由于碳骨架的气化速度加快,降低了其有机质对灰分固硫行为的传质阻力,所以灰分中碱土金属的固硫作用增强,使得半焦中硫含量增加,脱硫率与碳转化率的差值下降,不利于硫的脱除.     

房间开门形式对人员疏散的影响分析

采用计算机数值模拟软件FDS+Evac,对房间开门形式对人员疏散的影响进行分析。建立疏散模型,房间人员密度设置3种情况,着重研究了7种开门形式条件下人员疏散过程。研究表明,房间开门总宽度一定时,只设置一道门,疏散效率最高。当房间需要满足设置两道门时,门应尽量设置在房间的两对边墙上,这样疏散效率较高。两道门设置在房间相邻边墙上时最不利于人员疏散。研究结果为房间开门的设计提供了参考依据。     

Tomato microtubule-associated protein end-binding protein 1 (EB1) mediates tolerance to salt stress北大核心CSCD

The dynamics of microtubules is regulated mainly by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and plays an important role in plant development and response to environmental signals. End-binding protein 1 (EB1) is a MAP specially binding to the microtubule plus end. Blast search of tomato genome showed two EB1 genes, which were named as SlEB1a (Solyc03g116370) and SlEB1b (Solyc02g092950) in this study. Transgenic tomato plants over-expressing SlEB1a or RNA interfering both SlEB1a and SlEB1b were constructed, and their sensitivity to microtubule depolymerization drug propyzamide and salt stress were analyzed. In this study, we determined the role of tomato EB1 (SlEB1) in the response to salt stress. Compared to the wild-type control plants, OE plants were more sensitive to 1 μmol/L propyzamide, whereas RNAi plants were more tolerant to 1 μmol/L propyzamide; in contrast, OE plants were more tolerant to 100 mmol/L NaCl, whereas RNAi plants were more sensitive to 100 mmol/L NaCl. Thus, SlEB1 might positively regulate salt stress response by negatively regulating the dynamics of tomato cortical microtubules. This study forms a basis for how cortical microtubule dynamics plays a role in plant response to salt stress. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

赤泥-电石渣-磷石膏固化铜污染土性能

为了研究在浸泡条件下赤泥-电石渣-磷石膏3种固废物混合料对铜污染土的固化效果,本文对其混合料固化土的无侧限抗压强度、应力-应变、重金属形态、浸出毒性及微观结构进行了检测.结果表明,固化土强度随养护龄期的增加而增大,且掺加固废物对其强度有明显改善作用.混合料固化土中铜的存在形式以铁锰氧化态为主,其浸出毒性随龄期增加而降低,且其浓度值均低于水泥固化土.此外,混合料固化土中水化产物以水化硅酸钙/水化硅铝酸钙和钙矾石为代表.水化产物对固化土内部结构起填充作用,可改善固化土强度.同时,水化硅酸钙/水化硅铝酸钙对铜离子有吸附作用,钙矾石可与铜离子发生阳离子置换作用.因此,固废物的添加可对铜离子产生固化作用.     

Interactions Among the Copper Species and Forms in Sea Water/Sediments and Copper Bioaccumulation in Oysters

Earlier papers indicated that the first incident of green discoloration in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and the mass mortality observed in 1986 along the Taiwan Erhjin Chi coastal area were caused by the higher contents of total copper and copper species (mainly bioavailable and free ion) in sea water. the copper in sea water would be sorbed by suspended matter and transferred to sediments, and the copper in the sediments would also be desorbed to sea water. Processes of copper adsorption and desorption are the major factors influencing the contents of total copper and copper species in sea water and sediments. in this study, the Erhjin Chi sediments were mixed with sea water by a shaker technique. When the mixture was shaken for one hour, analogous to tidal mixing in estuaries, only copper desorption from sediments was observed. If the shaking time is increased for more than 3 hours, the copper released from the sediments was resorbed to the remaining solid phases. the higher the contents of mud (91.71%) and total copper (701 mg kg^-1) in sediments, the higher the copper desorption rate (1.86 ppm hr^-1) and copper adsorption rate (0.50 ppm hr^-1) were observed. in sediments containing lower mud (0.80%) and lower copper (43.5 mg kg^-1), the copper desorption and adsorption rates were 0.83 ppm hr^-1 and 0.22 ppm hr^-1, respectively. the interactions among the total copper and copper species in sea water and sediments, chemical and ecological parameters, and copper bioaccumulation in oysters in the Erhjin Chi estuarine and coastal area are also discussed.     

Exploration of the key functional proteins from an efficient cellulolytic microbial consortium using dilution-to-extinction approach

In the present study, the cellulose binding proteins(CBPs) secreted by a putative cellulolytic microbial consortium were isolated and purified by affinity digestion. The purified CBPs were subsequently separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE). Using mass spectrometric analyses, eight CBPs were identified and annotated to be similar to known proteins secreted by Clostridium clariflavum DSM 19732 and Paenibacillus sp. W-61. In addition, in combination with dilution-to-extinction approach and zymogram analysis technique, CBPs 6(97 k Da) and 12(52 k Da) were confirmed to be the key functional proteins that influence cellulolytic activities. Moreover, structural domain analyses and enzymatic activity detection indicated that CBPs 6 and 12 contained glycoside hydrolase families(GH) 9 and 48 catalytic modules, which both revealed endoglucandase and xylanase activities. It was suggested that the coexistence of GH9 and GH48 catalytic domains present in these two proteins could synergistically promote the efficient degradation of cellulose.