Differentiation in low molecular weight organic acids exudation into rhizosphere and their creation in Ulmus laevis Pall organs treated by As – pot experiment

Two-year old Ulmus laevis Pall (U. laevis) seedlings were cultivated in a three-month hydroponic experiment with inorganic (aresenite – As(III) and arsenate – As(V)) and organic (dimethylarsenic acid – DMA(V)) arsenic forms, at 0.06 and/or 0.6?mM concentrations. Further, the profile and content of total low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) were investigated in the rhizosphere, roots and leaves of U. laevis. Obtained results showed that the addition of As(III) or As(V) individually or in a mixture led to increased LMWOAs concentration in the rhizosphere, especially of oxalic and malonic acids, in comparison to the control, while in roots the overall content of the profiled LMWOAs decreased. In both rhizosphere and roots, addition of the DMA(V) form resulted in the inhibition of LMWOAs exudation into the rhizosphere and their creation in plant roots. Leaves were characterised by a higher content of LMWOAs than in the rhizosphere and roots for all experimental systems, where the profile and content of LMWOAs was strictly correlated with the analysed As forms. Our study indicated that creation of LMWOAs in U. laevis organs and their exudation to the rhizosphere could be responsible for the As toxicity tolerance of the plants.     

长江(湖北段)沉积物中微量元素的分布特征及镉的形态

对长江(湖北段)不同时期沉积物中的微量元素(Cd,Zn,Pb,Cu,As,Hg,Cr,Ni,Mn)进行了研究.结果表明,从早期(一万年至两千年前)到现代(2002年),长江沉积物中多数微量元素的含量有明显的增加,尤其是Cd,Pb和Hg,由早期的0.25mg·kg-1,20.1mg·kg-1和0.046mg·kg-1分别增加至现代的0.71mg·kg-1,42.1mg·kg-1和0.098mg·kg-1.用连续提取法对沉积物中Cd赋存形态的测定结果显示,从早期到现代,碳酸盐结合态Cd所占比例有明显的增长,由早期的14.5%增加至现代的28.7%,松结和紧结有机结合态Cd也有不同程度的增加;铁锰氧化物结合态Cd的比例显著降低,由早期的31.3%变为现代的14.9%;残渣态Cd的百分率也有一定程度的降低.     

云南地区中国种子植物特有属的研究

物种特有现象的研究具有重要的区系地理学和保护生物学意义。利用大尺度的植物物种分布信息,探讨了云南地区中国种子植物特有属的科、属组成,区系性质及其地理分布格局。结果表明,云南地区拥有中国种子植物特有属125属,分属于59科,共含种子植物246种,是中国种子植物特有属的重要分布地区之一。含特有属较多的科主要为菊科Compositae、苦苣苔科Gesnefiaceae、伞形科Umbelliferae、禾本科Gramineae和唇形科Labiatae。从各属所包含的物种数来看,单型属占主体地位。根据科的分布区类型构成,云南地区中国种子植物特有属主要起源于热带地区。从属的生活型构成来看,主要以草本植物属为主,而木本植物属所占比重相对较小,暗示着研究区域内特有属的区系兼有年轻成分和古老成分,但以年轻成分为主。从空间分布格局来看,特有属主要分布在“田中线”以东地区。与过去的研究结果不同,我们发现云南地区拥有3个重要的特有属分布中心和3个次级分布中心。     

Structural Changes in the Carabid Fauna of Forest Ecosystems under a Toxic Impact

Changes in the abundance, species composition, and biomorphological structure of the carabid fauna were studied in birch and fir–spruce forests growing in a zone exposed to emissions from a copper-smelting plant in the Middle Urals. The dynamic density of carabids decreased and their species composition and the ratio of life forms changed along the pollution gradient, but the principle of organization of carabidocenoses and the structure of dominance in them remained undisturbed.     

浅论"三表合一"的设想

对国家环保总局提出的"三表合一"的设想,从三个方面提出自己的观点。第一,应以排污申报登记核定为基础,客观建立污染源动态数据库;第二,"三表合一"应该是环境统计报表、排污收费报表、污染控制报表等各方面污染源的数据统一到排污申报登记报表;第三,"三表合一"首先应建立统一的污染源指标体系,统一的污染测算方法和统一的基础数据库。     

《环境保护档案分类表》的应用初探

回顾了《中国档案分类法环境保护档案分类表》（以下简称“分类表”）产生变化的历史过程,分析了环境监测档案工作运用存在的不足,指出“分类表”更新的必要性与迫切性,对“分类表”类目的扩充与细化展开探讨。论述“分类表”在环境监测档案的信息分类标引与档案实体分类中的作用。     

Relationship between catchment characteristics and nitrogen forms in Cao-E River Basin, Eastern China

The distribution of different nitrogen forms and their spatial and temporal variations in different pollution types of tributaries or reaches were investigated. Based on the catchments characteristics the tributaries or reaches can be classified into 4 types, including headwater in mountainous areas (type I), agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution in rural areas (type II), municipal and industrial pollution in urban areas (type III), and combined pollution in main stream (type IV). Water samples were...     

乌鲁木齐市降水酸碱度及电导率监测结果分析及改进建议

随着工农业的发展,降水化学特征的变化日益成为人们关注的焦点。通过对乌鲁木齐市2007年-2010年降水酸碱度和电导率的分析,探讨其动态变化特征,并分析不同降水形态、不同供暖季节和不同监测点差异性。结果表明:各年和月之间pH值具有波动变化特征,降雪和降雨两种降水形态、供暖季节以及各监测点对pH值影响较小。电导率对环境变化较为敏感,2007年-2010年电导率均值呈递增趋势。各月份之间电导率差异较大,2007年具有一定季节变化,2008年-2010年季节变化不明显。不同降水形态、供暖季节和各监测点之间差异显著。多数情况下,降雪和供暖季电导率高于降雨和非供暖季。随着城市规模的扩大和经济的发展,为了更加准确了解城市的降水化学特征变化动态,需要增加监测点位。     

水体中不同形态氮对环丙沙星溶液光降解影响

研究了在模拟自然光照射条件下,环丙沙星在水相中的光降解行为,以及水中存在的无机氮对其光降解的影响.结果表明,随着环丙沙星初始浓度的增加,其光降解率逐渐降低;水中溶解氧的含量会影响其光解速率,水中溶解氧含量越高,环丙沙星光解速率越小;硝酸根对环丙沙星光降解起促进作用,亚硝酸根起抑制作用,铵根几乎没有影响.当环境pE值逐渐...     

Effect of spent mushroom substrate applied to vineyard soil on the behaviour of copper-based fungicide residues

The effect of the addition of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) to the soil as an amendment on the distribution and/or fate of copper from a copper-based fungicide applied to a vineyard soil in La Rioja (N. Spain) was studied. The study was carried out on experimental plots amended or not with SMS at rates of 40 and 100 t ha(-1). The variation in total Cu content in the topsoil (0-10 cm) and in the soil profile (0-50 cm), and the distribution of Cu in different fractions of the topsoil were studied as a function of the dose of Cu added (5 and 10 kg ha(-1)) and of the time elapsed since application (0-12 months). In addition, the changes in the chemical properties (solid organic carbon (OC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pH) of the soils were studied. A greater capacity for Cu retention by the amended soils than by the unamended one was observed only when the fungicide was applied at the high dose. No effect of the amendment rate was noted on this retention capacity. The metal content in the topsoil decreased over time in step with the disappearance of the OC in the amended soil due to its oxidation, mineralization and/or leaching. This decrease in total Cu content was possibly due to the formation of soluble Cu complexes with the DOC, which facilitated its transport through the soil. A re-distribution of Cu in the different soil fractions was also observed over time, mainly from the organic to the residual fraction. The results obtained indicate that the increase in OC due to the application of SMS at the rates used does not lead to any significant increase in the persistence of Cu in the soil over time. Of greater interest would be the assessment of the risk for groundwater quality, owing to possible leaching of the fungicide enhanced by the SMS when SMS and Cu-based fungicides are jointly applied to vineyard soils.