Biochemical properties of beryllium potentially relevant to its carcinogenicity†

The carcinogenicity of beryllium to several animal species is well established and evidence exists which strongly suggests that this is the case in human exposure. In this review several biochemical properties of the metallocarcinogen are considered including, the causation of cell transformation, and infidelity of DNA synthesis, inhibition of cell division and enzyme induction, and interference with regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression. These effects are discussed in relation to beryllium chemistry, cellular accumulation mechanisms and distribution to subcellular organdies and molecular targets. It is suggested that the ultimate location and interactions of the metal ion in cell nuclei and its selective inhibition of certain protein phosphorylation reactions in particular are the biochemical effects potentially most relevant to induction of beryllium carcinogenesis.     

Biochemical composition of a meso-bathyal lobster

To characterise some traits of the life strategies of Polycheles typhlops, a deep-sea small lobster usually encountered as by-catch within deep trawls in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Mediterranean Sea), we analysed the biochemical composition of the caudal muscles of 49 specimens collected in March and April 2007. Differences in the biochemical composition between females and males were weak, but relevant differences in protein (>90% of the organic C) and lipid (4–6%) contents were observed between developmental stages both in females and males. These differences are likely to be related to different food items and/or to the metabolic shifts associated with their reproduction. We argue that this deep-sea lobster could cover a relevant role in the meso-pelagic food webs and attract future commercial interest.     

油松叶绿体DNA间隔序列特点及系统学意义

对全国分布区12个天然油松种群进行取样,测定了叶绿体DNAtrnT-trnL、trnS-trnG、trnL-trnF基因间隔序列,分析了序列碱基组成特点及在松科系统分类中的意义.测序结果显示,3个片段碱基序列均富含A/T,长度依次为448bp、636bp和421bp,所测片段在种群水平上十分保守,没有发现具有种内鉴别意义的碱基变异.但此片段适合于松科属间和种间的系统学分析,运用PHYLIP软件构建松科植物的邻接系统树,支持松科分为两个亚科的分类系统,拓扑结构表明松属与银杉属的关系最近.由于叶绿体DNA序列长度适中,扩增和测序较为容易,适合作为研究松科植物系统进化较为理想的分子标记.图2表2参24     

松前水稻（Oryzasativa cv.Matsumae）对土壤菲污染的生理生态响应

以松前水稻（Oryza sativa cv.Matsumae）为试验材料,研究了5种质量分数菲污染土壤对松前水稻营养生长期生长和生理生化指标的影响。结果表明：（1）菲质量分数低于20 mg·kg-1时促进茎直径的生长,随菲质量分数的增大对水稻苗期生长有明显的抑制作用。低质量分数和高质量分数的菲污染土壤对茎高和株高均有明显抑制作用,而中等质量分数影响不明显。（2）随菲质量分数的增大脯氨酸含量逐渐增大,而蛋白质含量均有不同程度的下降,植物体内存在着脯氨酸积累和蛋白质减少的反馈控制系统。（3）菲胁迫引起水稻叶片膜脂过氧化,植物体累积过量的丙二醛,且SOD活性受到不同程度的影响。（4）菲胁迫下,水稻营养生长期叶片叶绿素含量和光合作用速率无明显正相关关系。     

活性污泥中细菌的分离及其生理生化特性研究

从乳品废水活性污泥中分离纯化细菌,并进行生理生化特性、药敏试验研究。结果表明,H-1菌株分解葡萄糖产酸,利用乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇等碳源;H-1菌株对头孢菌素类、氨基苷类、大环内酯类药物敏感;而对青霉素类、磺胺类等具有不同程度的耐药性。该研究对改善乳品废水活性污泥微生态、环境污染治理等具有科学指导意义。     

亚硝态氮和氨态氮急性胁迫下曼氏无针乌贼幼体血液的生化指标

将曼氏无针乌贼幼体置于24 h半致死剂量的亚硝态氮和氨态氮溶液中(10 mg·L-1 NaNO2和300 mg·L-1 NH4Cl),检测6、12和24 h各点及对照组曼氏无针乌贼幼体血液生化指标的变化.结果表明,随着处理时间的延长,NaNO2处理组血细胞密度(THC)(p＜0.05)、甘油三酯(TG)(p＜0.05)...     

电化学氧化预处理垃圾渗滤液的可行性研究

文章采用电化学氧化技术预处理渗滤液,在以钛涂钌铱为阳极、不锈钢为阴极,极板距离1.5cm,电流密度60mA/cm2,不外加电解质的情况下,电解120min,渗滤液的COD去除率达到48.6%,NH4+离子浓度去除率达53.6%,BOD5/COD比值由0.15提高到0.38,达到了较好的预处理效果。     

分子标记技术在石斛属植物中的应用研究进展

石斛作为一种名贵中药,近年来受到国内外研究人员的重视.本文对RFLP技术、位点特异性PCR、RAPD技术、AP-PCR技术、AFLP技术、ISSR技术、SRAP技术、DNA序列分析、基因芯片技术等DNA分子标记技术的基本原理和特点作了简要介绍,DNA分子标记技术为石斛类药材的鉴别提供了更加有效、可靠的鉴定方法.综述了近年来上述分子标记技术在石斛属植物中的应用研究进展,总结了这些技术在中药材鉴定中的地位,并对其发展前景做出了展望.     

细菌在环境污染物毒性检测中的应用

介绍了一些利用细菌作为指示生物监测化学物质毒性的方法,诸如：细菌生化毒理学方法,细菌生长,呼吸抑制实验,细胞发光微毒测定,微热测量以及致突变物检测技术等。