有机农业与常规农业对农田生物多样性影响的比较研究进展

一些研究者认为,有机农业不仅在理念上而且在实践上,都有助于促进农田生物多样性的维持和保护.为了促进我国科学界对有机农业与农田生物多样性关联性研究的关注,综述了有机农业对农田生态系统内杂草、地表节肢动物、土壤生物以及鸟类等不同生物类群种类、数量及其多样性的影响.     

Incorporating the Effects of Socioeconomic Uncertainty into Priority Setting for Conservation Investment

Abstract:  Uncertainty in the implementation and outcomes of conservation actions that is not accounted for leaves conservation plans vulnerable to potential changes in future conditions. We used a decision-theoretic approach to investigate the effects of two types of investment uncertainty on the optimal allocation of global conservation resources for land acquisition in the Mediterranean Basin. We considered uncertainty about (1) whether investment will continue and (2) whether the acquired biodiversity assets are secure, which we termed transaction uncertainty and performance uncertainty, respectively. We also developed and tested the robustness of different rules of thumb for guiding the allocation of conservation resources when these sources of uncertainty exist. In the presence of uncertainty in future investment ability (transaction uncertainty), the optimal strategy was opportunistic, meaning the investment priority should be to act where uncertainty is highest while investment remains possible. When there was a probability that investments would fail (performance uncertainty), the optimal solution became a complex trade-off between the immediate biodiversity benefits of acting in a region and the perceived longevity of the investment. In general, regions were prioritized for investment when they had the greatest performance certainty, even if an alternative region was highly threatened or had higher biodiversity value. The improved performance of rules of thumb when accounting for uncertainty highlights the importance of explicitly incorporating sources of investment uncertainty and evaluating potential conservation investments in the context of their likely long-term success.     

浙江省农业自然资源合理利用战略研究

针对浙江省自然资源利用程度高,资源环境压力大,资源浪费和污染等严重问题,根据浙江省资源构成特点,从资源,环境与经济协调发展的观点提出减少非农建设占用耕地,完善基本农田保护工作,绝不以牺牲现有耕地为调整农业产业结构。与此同时,积极开发后备土地资源,补充现有耕地面积;对于水资源必须依法治,管并重,节约与开源相结合,合理利用水资源,着重开发山,海资源和改善农业生态环境等战略措施。     

唐山地震中人员伤亡情况的分析及若干启示

唐山大地震对人的伤害是立体的,人员伤亡的主要原因是房屋建筑的倒塌．唐山市区被废墟埋压者中有约84％的人活了下来．唐山地震中人员伤亡情况的分析,对如何减少地震伤亡以及有效开展救灾活动,提供了有益经验。     

西气东输—陕京二线联络线工程岩溶区岩土工程条件分析

针对西气东输—陕京二线联络线工程山东枣庄—济南段岩溶区,采用高密度电法、探地雷达、面波及探井、钻探等多种方法和手段对其进行了系统的野外勘察和分析评价,从岩溶区域分布特征阐述了管道沿线岩溶的基本环境类型,通过对其岩土工程条件的分析评价,提出了管道安全性评价结果及不同岩溶地质灾害管道宜采取的防治措施。     

CDM Forestry and the Ultimate Objective of the Climate Convention

In its Article 2, the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change policymakers gave themselves a long-term dynamic mandate under uncertainty. Taking the example of forestry activities in developing countries, the present article discusses whether land-based climate change mitigation measures in the context of compensation mechanisms for human-induced greenhouse gas emissions are covered under the UNFCCC's ultimate objective. Both the problem of climate change and human intervention act over long, yet finite timeframes. The article argues for taking a dynamic 100-year timeframe as reference for present-day activities. It concludes that increasing biotic carbon storage is legitimate for measures that contribute to biodiversity conservation, as long as it does not serve as a pretext for neglecting technological change. Among all forestry options, the list of priorities should be avoiding deforestation and devegetation, sustainable forest management, and afforestation. The problem of saturation can be encountered by the combination of forestry with the increased use of wood products and bioenergy. Concluding, the article gathers criteria for forest climate activities in the post-2012 regime. JEL Classification: Q23, Q54; Q57; Q58     

黄河口孤东油田灾害环境评价

孤东油田系新开发的油田工程之一。 位于黄河入海口的滨海地带,自然环境复杂。其中,风暴潮、黄泛和河口蚀退等不利的灾害因素,对油田安全生产的威胁比较突出。在掌握这些灾害因素时空分布规律及其影响程度的基础上,相应地提出了加固油田堤防工程、河口海岸工程等环境保护对策的意见。     

关山隧道渗水治理工程措施研究

关山地区水文地质及工程地质条件复杂，地下水类型以基岩裂隙水和断层构造裂隙水为主。关山隧道在掘进过程中，围岩裂隙带和构造破碎带相互串通导致基岩裂隙水向隧道内渗漏，引起山体泉水干涸，对其周边地区生态环境产生影响。通过对隧道渗水及漏水地段采用混凝土现浇和注浆工艺等阻水工程措施治理，达到了阻水堵漏和洞口排水的工程效果。     

循环经济发展模式下公众参与问题分析

中国循环经济工作的深入开展是一项系统工程,离不开公众的广泛、深入和积极参与.本文首先指出了公众参与在中国循环经济整体发展进程中具有基础性地位的重要作用;继而探讨了目前中国循环经济工作的公众参与方面主要存在着公众对循环经济的认识和参与技能严重不足,参与形式单一、范围较窄,各级政府部门职能尚未予以足够重视,环境资源NG0s较薄弱等障碍性因素;最后提出国家应积极从政策、制度层面来构筑公众参与的平台,并通过宣教、规制、激励等措施来提高公众参与中国循环经济工作的力度和效率.