全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1934篇 |
免费 | 117篇 |
国内免费 | 92篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 257篇 |
废物处理 | 17篇 |
环保管理 | 326篇 |
综合类 | 703篇 |
基础理论 | 497篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 54篇 |
评价与监测 | 78篇 |
社会与环境 | 122篇 |
灾害及防治 | 87篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 35篇 |
2022年 | 41篇 |
2021年 | 67篇 |
2020年 | 100篇 |
2019年 | 44篇 |
2018年 | 30篇 |
2017年 | 47篇 |
2016年 | 61篇 |
2015年 | 81篇 |
2014年 | 95篇 |
2013年 | 107篇 |
2012年 | 132篇 |
2011年 | 158篇 |
2010年 | 123篇 |
2009年 | 125篇 |
2008年 | 71篇 |
2007年 | 116篇 |
2006年 | 109篇 |
2005年 | 111篇 |
2004年 | 85篇 |
2003年 | 80篇 |
2002年 | 57篇 |
2001年 | 49篇 |
2000年 | 45篇 |
1999年 | 34篇 |
1998年 | 35篇 |
1997年 | 23篇 |
1996年 | 24篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2143条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
511.
介绍了原油管道用火作业的特点,对原油管道用火作业的安全技术方法和措施进行分析,为今后原油管道用火作业技术提供了经验借鉴。 相似文献
512.
513.
结合实验室方法确认工作中的经验,从方法确认的内容、过程、结果以及记录的形成等方面,阐述了实验室方法确认工作有效开展的保障措施。 相似文献
514.
Abstract: The unit of trade in ecosystem services is usually the use of a proportion of the parcels of land associated with a given service. Valuing small changes in the provision of an ecosystem service presents obstacles, particularly when the service provides non‐use benefits, as is the case with conservation of most plants and animals. Quantifying non‐use values requires stated‐preference valuations. Stated‐preference valuations can provide estimates of the public's willingness to pay for a broad conservation goal. Nevertheless, stated‐preference valuations can be expensive and do not produce consistent measures for varying levels of provision of a service. Additionally, the unit of trade, land use, is not always linearly related to the level of ecosystem services the land might provide. To overcome these obstacles, we developed a method to estimate the value of a marginal change in the provision of a non‐use ecosystem service—in this case conservation of plants or animals associated with a given land‐cover type. Our method serves as a tool for calculating transferable valuations of small changes in the provision of ecosystem services relative to the existing provision. Valuation is achieved through stated‐preference investigations, calculation of a unit value for a parcel of land, and the weighting of this parcel by its ability to provide the desired ecosystem service and its effect on the ability of the surrounding land parcels to provide the desired service. We used the water vole (Arvicola terrestris) as a case study to illustrate the method. The average present value of a meter of water vole habitat was estimated at UK£12, but the marginal value of a meter (based on our methods) could range between £0 and £40 or more. 相似文献
515.
Abstract: Application of island biogeography theory to prediction of species extinctions resulting from habitat loss is based on the assumption that the transformed landscape matrix is completely inhospitable to the taxa considered, despite evidence demonstrating the nontrivial influence of matrix on populations within habitat remnants. The island biogeography paradigm therefore needs refining to account for specific responses of taxa to the area of habitat “islands” and to the quality of the surrounding matrix. We incorporated matrix effects into island theory by partitioning the slope (z value) of species–area relationships into two components: γ, a constant, and σ, a measure of taxon‐specific responses to each component of a heterogeneous matrix. We used our matrix‐calibrated model to predict extinction and endangerment of bird species resulting from land‐use change in 20 biodiversity hotspots and compared these predictions with observed numbers of extinct and threatened bird species. We repeated this analysis with the conventional species–area model and the countryside species–area model, considering alternative z values of 0.35 (island) or 0.22 (continental). We evaluated the relative strength of support for each of the five candidate models with Akaike's information criterion (AIC). The matrix‐calibrated model had the highest AIC weight (wi = 89.21%), which means the weight of evidence in support of this model was the optimal model given the set of candidate models and the data. In addition to being a valuable heuristic tool for assessing extinction risk, our matrix‐calibrated model also allows quantitative assessment of biodiversity benefits (and trade‐offs) of land‐management options in human‐dominated landscapes. Given that processes of secondary regeneration have become more widespread across tropical regions and are predicted to increase, our matrix‐calibrated model will be increasingly appropriate for practical conservation in tropical landscapes. 相似文献
516.
Abstract: Quantifying the extent to which existing reserves meet conservation objectives and identifying gaps in coverage are vital to developing systematic protected‐area networks. Despite widespread recognition of the Philippines as a global priority for marine conservation, limited work has been undertaken to evaluate the conservation effectiveness of existing marine protected areas (MPAs). Targets for MPA coverage in the Philippines have been specified in the 1998 Fisheries Code legislation, which calls for 15% of coastal municipal waters (within 15 km of the coastline) to be protected within no‐take MPAs, and the Philippine Marine Sanctuary Strategy (2004), which aims to protect 10% of coral reef area in no‐take MPAs by 2020. We used a newly compiled database of nearly 1000 MPAs to measure progress toward these targets. We evaluated conservation effectiveness of MPAs in two ways. First, we determined the degree to which marine bioregions and conservation priority areas are represented within existing MPAs. Second, we assessed the size and spacing patterns of reserves in terms of best‐practice recommendations. We found that the current extent and distribution of MPAs does not adequately represent biodiversity. At present just 0.5% of municipal waters and 2.7–3.4% of coral reef area in the Philippines are protected in no‐take MPAs. Moreover, 85% of no‐take area is in just two sites; 90% of MPAs are <1 km2. Nevertheless, distances between existing MPAs should ensure larval connectivity between them, providing opportunities to develop regional‐scale MPA networks. Despite the considerable success of community‐based approaches to MPA implementation in the Philippines, this strategy will not be sufficient to meet conservation targets, even under a best‐case scenario for future MPA establishment. We recommend that implementation of community‐based MPAs be supplemented by designation of additional large no‐take areas specifically located to address conservation targets. 相似文献
517.
论地震灾害心理研究的内容与目标 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
依据1976年唐山大地震后的现场调查材料,考察了地震灾害给人造成的心理伤害,分析了震灾心理的形成机制和表现特征,提出了地震灾害心理研究的基本内容和目标,同时对地震灾害发生后实施心理救助的问题也做了一些探讨。 相似文献
518.
介绍了1995年日本阪神7.2级地震造成的河流损害、防止次生灾害采取的紧急对策及修复方案,以供我国研究防御地震次生灾害参考。 相似文献
519.
盐碱泡沼广泛分布于东北地区的中、西部,是该区域宜渔国土资源的主要类型之一.根据1988~1995年东北松辽平原农业综合开发的实践,本文以大安市试验示范区为例,初步介绍了盐碱泡沼渔业开发的6项主要技术措施,以供同类地区借鉴。 相似文献
520.
David Takacs 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2020,22(1):43-58
ABSTRACTEcological democracy seeks environmentally sustainable ends through broad, active democratic participation. What happens when laws fostering participation in environmental decision-making and biodiversity preservation lead to differing results? What is best for biodiversity may not be what for local citizens believe is best. I examine conflicts and congruencies in the context of Biodiversity Offsetting, REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation), and the Rewilding movement. I ask questions that are legal (Who has what legal rights to speak for or against programs that enhance biodiversity?), epistemological (Whose expertise and knowledge matters when scientists and non-scientists don't agree?), axiological (Are some values objectively better, and why?), and normative (Whose opinions about biodiversity should count?). Many people have the right to participate in an ecological democracy: But when protecting biodiversity, who does and should have the right to be heard? I problematize the role that ‘local’ actors play in decision-making and describe the variegated role that experts – particularly biologists – play in ecological democracy when biodiversity preservation matters. To determine whose values and voices should be prioritized, I describe ‘deep equity,’ an axiological and normative groundwork for determining when biodiversity-promoting policies may be preferable even if affected citizens don't agree. 相似文献