Strengthening effects of ammonia nitrogen on the harmless biological treatment of oily sludge

To improve the efficiency of oil degradation and strengthen the harmless treatment of oily sludge, three dominant strains identified as Chryseomicrobium sp. YL2, Gordonia sp. YL3 and Acinetobacter sp. YL5 were isolated from soil near a refinery, and the effects on the bioremediation of the oily sludge from the refinery were investigated. The results showed that the efficiency of oil degradation increased by 31.5% compared with the control when the dominant strains were added to the treatment of oily sludge. Furthermore, the dominant strains could use oil as a carbon source for heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification. The addition of ammonia nitrogen resulted in a large number of remaining microbes and heightened dehydrogenase activity in the oily sludge, further accelerating oil degradation, mainly for C₁₁ to C₂₅ saturated hydrocarbons, and the oil degradation efficiency increased by 40.8%. After 120 days of bioremediation, the biotoxicity of oily sludge, which was expressed by the equivalent phenol concentration, decreased by 40.0% compared with that of the control, indicating that the addition of ammonia nitrogen enhanced the biodegradation of oil. This method can be used to strengthen the harmless treatment of oily sludge in practical engineering applications.     

土壤修复与改良的微生物技术

综述了国内外近几年来关于土壤污染与损伤的微生物修复技术,包括土壤污染的微生物修复技术和土壤改良的微生物技术,总结了各项技术的工作重点、类型和思路.     

基于文献计量分析土壤修复的研究现状与趋势

本文对CNKI中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库以及重庆维普数据库收录的有关我国污染土壤修复的研究论文进行了检索,以文献计量学方法进行统计分析,明确了我国污染土壤修复研究的发展现状。2000—2011年,我国污染土壤修复领域的文献量呈快速上升趋势,污染土壤修复的研究在全国范围内得到了关注。该领域涉及作者6 012名,核心作者129名。著录发文机构共1 067家,发表论文100篇及以上的机构3家,是本领域的主要研究机构,中国科学院发文数量居首位。被引次数排在前10位的论文总被引次数为3 188,被引次数最高的前3篇论文分别刊登在《土壤通报》、《科学通报》上。《农业环境科学学报》(其前身《农业环境保护》)刊发论文数量、影响因子居于榜首,《安徽农业科学》刊发89篇,位居第2。关键词分析表明,重金属污染、有机物污染、农药污染是我国土壤污染的主要类型;土壤修复方式以植物修复、微生物修复、电动修复较多,化学修复、物理修复、淋溶修复较少;原位修复较异位修复研究为多。     

对氯酚的生物降解及其污染土壤的生物修复探索

从天津农芭厂混合土壤中分离到一株能够降解对氯酚的黄单胞菌Ｄ－１,在此基础上,研究了该菌株对对氯酚的降解特性和将Ｄ－１菌株加入模拟对氯污染土壤中的生物修复试验。     

基因工程菌在富营养化水体中应用的试验研究

实验模拟了自然状况下水体富营养化的一般过程。利用基因工程菌消氮细菌及沉淀细菌对实验水体进行生物修复。得出：在微生物处理下,水体的营养物质浓度不断降低,水体的浊度下降,透明度升高,使得实验水体的水质得到了明显的改善。     

表面活性剂增效微生物修复PAHs污染土壤的研究进展

生物降解是去除土壤环境中多环芳烃（PAHs）的重要途径,通过使用表面活性剂增效修复可显著提高PAHs降解速度和程度。本文系统评述了表面活性剂增效修复PAHs污染土壤的研究现状和存在的问题。     

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术研究

通过实验室选择性富集培养,从大庆石油污染土壤中获得了能以大庆原油为碳源快速生长的石油降解菌。采用该降解菌对原油污染土壤进行了原位生物联合修复实验。接入降解菌的处理单元分别种植大豆、碱草或加入蓬松剂,与空白试样作对比。各处理单元石油污染土壤中石油烃含量初始值为2228．25mg／kg（以1kg干土计）。经过135d的生物联合修复,石油烃降解率达63．65％-83．26％。     

铜绿假单胞菌GF31降解土壤中氯氰菊酯的性能研究

利用实验室分离获得铜绿假单胞菌GF31(Pseudomonas aeruginosa GF31,简称菌株GF31),采用气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)分析技术,开展菌株GF31在实际土壤环境中对氯氰菊酯的降解特性和降解产物研究,并进行了模拟田间实验.结果表明,在土壤中菌株GF31降解氯氰菊酯的主要产物为二氯菊酸和间苯...     

水域泄漏油品回收处理技术

提出了水域泄漏油品回收技术的装备需求,介绍了水域泄漏油品问收处理措施.采用拦油栅来控制漂浮在水上的油品,将泄漏油品集中在相对较小的区域内,并使水面的浮油层加厚,然后使用人工或机械对泄漏油品进行回收.对于水域中的少量泄漏油品,采用吸油材料来进行吸附.在油膜较薄,难以用机械方法回收的情况下,使用消油剂或固化剂进行处理.水域...     

Biodegradation of endosulfan-contaminated soil in a pilot-scale reactor-bioaugmented with mixed bacterial culture

A novel mixed bacterial culture was enriched from an endosulfan (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10 – hexachloro-1, 5, 5a, 6, 9, 9a-hexahydro-6, 9-methano-2, 3, 4-benzo (e) dioxathiepin-3-oxide) processing industrial surface soil. The cultures were successful in the degradation of aqueous phase endosulfan in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Using the cultures, endosulfan degradation in silty gravel with sand (GM) was examined via pilot scale reactor at an endosulfan concentration of 0.78 ± 0.01 mg g^{? 1} of soil, and optimized moisture content of 40 ± 1%. During operation, vertical spatial variability in endosulfan degradation was observed within the reactor. At the end of 56 days, maximum endosulfan degradation efficiency of 78 ± 0.2% and 86.91 ± 0.2% was observed in the top and bottom portion of the reactor, respectively. Both aerobic and anaerobic conditions were observed within the reactor. However, endosulfan degradation was predominant in anaerobic condition and the total protein concentration in the reactor was declined progressively down the soil depth. Throughout the study, no known intermediate metabolites of endosulfan reported by previous researchers were observed.