生物刺激与生物强化联合修复柴油污染土壤

从柴油污染土壤中筛选分离出一株高效降解柴油的菌株CY-1,考察了自然衰减修复、生物刺激修复、生物强化修复以及生物刺激-生物强化联合修复等4种修复方法对土壤中柴油的降解能力及降解过程中几种土壤微生物酶活性的变化。实验结果表明:该菌为假单胞菌属;采用生物刺激-生物强化联合修复初始柴油质量分数为2.70%的柴油污染土壤,经过31 d的降解,柴油质量分数降至1.09%,柴油去除率达59.6%;经生物刺激-生物强化联合修复,土壤脱氢酶活性和荧光素二乙酸酯水解酶活性最高;通过生物刺激处理可使土壤脲酶活性和磷酸酶活性达到最高。     

Use of fungal technology in soil remediation: A Case Study

Two white rot fungi Irpex lacteus and Pleurotus ostreatus and a PAH-degrading bacterial strain of Pseudomonas putida were used as inoculum for bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil from a manufactured-gas-plant-area. Also two cocultures comprising a fungus with Pseudomonas putida were applied. After 10-week treatment out of 12 different PAHs, concentration of phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene decreased up to 66%. The ecotoxicity of the soil after bioremediation did not reveal any effect on the survival of Daphnia magna, a crustacian. However, the toxic effect on seed germination of plant Brassica alba and oxidoreductase activity of bacterium Bacillus cereus decreased after 5 and 10 weeks of treatment.     

浅析生物修复技术在石油污染治理中的应用

生物修复技术是目前人们比较关注的一种新型石油污染治理技术。文章简要介绍了生物修复技术在石油污染的土壤、河流、湖泊、地下水、海洋领域的应用,阐述了该技术的研究将大力推进生物高科技的发展,对环保科技的发展具有重大意义。     

包气带油污土层生物修复现场控制性因素的评价

包气带油污土层的生物修复涉及到石油降解微生物、石油污染物的可生物降解性和土壤环境三个方面.本文通过最或然计数法(MPN)、原油族组分柱层析分析方法和色质联机分析等实验手段,研究了淄河滩包气带油污土层的水力学特性、氮磷营养元素、微生物和石油污染物.结果表明,长期受石油污染的土层含有丰富的微生物,其中大部分具有降解石油烃的能力,且土层的渗透性极强,有利于开展油污土层的生物修复.同时,长期的挥发、淋失和转化造成土层中石油污染物主要由高分子、高沸点烃类组成,且油污土层的速效氮、速效磷含量太低,直接增加了生物修复的难度,成为不利于生物修复的影响因素.     

Plant enhanced degradation of phenanthrene in the contaminated soil

The degradative characteristics ofphenanthrene, microbial biomass carbon, plate counts ofheterotrophic bacteria and most probable number （MPN） of phenanthrene degraders in non-rhizosphere or rhizosphere soils with uninoculating or inoculating phenanthrene degraders were measured. At the initial concentration of 20 mg phenanthrene/kg soil, the half-lives of phenanthrene in uninoculated non-rhizosphere soil, uninoculated rhizosphere soil, inoculated non-rhizosphere soil, and inoculated rhizosphere soil were measured to be 81.5, 47.8, 15.1 and 6.4 d, respectively, and corresponding kinetic data fitted first-order kinetics. The highest degradation rate of phenanthrene was observed in inoculated rhizosphere soil. The degradative characteristics of phenanthrene were closely related to the effects of vegetation on soil microbial process. Vegetation could enhance the magnitude of rhizosphere microbial communities, microbial biomass content, and heterotrophic bacterial community, but barely influence those community components responsible for phenanthrene degradation. Results suggested that combination of vegetation and inoculation with degrading microorganisms of target organic contaminants was a better pathway to enhance degradation of the organic contaminants in soil.     

石油污染土壤生物修复的最佳生态条件研究

通过正交试验得出了生物修复的最佳降解生态条件。结果表明 :微生物的数量是影响石油降解效率的重要因素 ;石油浓度在一定范围内对石油的降解效率并没有影响 ;石油污染土壤生物修复的最佳生态条件为营养物质C∶N =60 ,电子受体H2 O2 的累计加入量为 1 2mg/ g ,含水量为 50 % ,表面活性剂为阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠 ;因素的主次关系排列为含水量、表面活性剂、营养物质和电子受体。     

丛枝菌根真菌-植物联合修复石油污染土壤研究进展

丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)是由丛枝菌根真菌与植物根系所建立的一种互惠共生体,在自然界分布广泛,具有降解复杂有机污染物的能力.石油污染土壤中,利用土著的或外接的丛枝菌根真菌可以明显改善植物根际环境,提高土壤生物活性,从而加速土壤中石油污染物的降解.现有研究已证明丛枝菌根真菌修复石油污染土...     

H_2O_2在石油污染土壤微生物治理过程中的作用

为探讨缩短石油污染土壤微生物治理过程的有效途径，采用生物泥浆法，系统地研究了Ｈ２Ｏ２对土壤中烃类污染物微生物降解速度的影响。结果表明，Ｈ２Ｏ２既可直接氧化一部分烃类污染物，又可为微生物的氧化过程提供充足的电子受体，强化它们对烃类污染物的氧化降解作用，通过添加适量的Ｈ２Ｏ２，使土样中石油污染物的去除率增加了近３倍     

原油降解丝状真菌的分子鉴定及降解效果分析

从大庆油田长期被石油污染的土壤中分离出3种具有高效原油降解能力的丝状真菌,利用1TS-PCR对3种真菌菌株进行鉴定,结果为3号Fusariumo oxysporum(尖孢镰刀菌),4号Fusarium solani f.radicicola(腐皮镰刀菌)和6号Mucor circinelloides f.circine...     

重金属污染土壤的微生物生态效应及其修复研究进展

污染土壤微生物生物修复技术是一项非常有应用前景的环保新技术。本文综述了近年来重金属对土壤微生物生物量、种群及生化过程的影响以及微生物对重金属污染土壤的修复机理和修复研究进展,较全面的分析了重金属对土壤微生物的生态效应。