中国能源安全问题探讨及对策研究

剖析能源安全概念和内涵,分析中国能源安全的严峻形势,指出供给不足、能源结构以煤为主、石油过度依赖进口、能源消费导致的环境污染等问题。针对中国目前的能源安全问题,笔者提出应对措施,具体有4方面对策:提高能源效率、改变我国能源结构;能源进口多元化;建立蛛网式能源供应战略通道,实施石油储备战略;促进环境保护和环境改进。认为只有将能源供应、经济竞争力和环境质量作为国家能源安全的3个基本要素,才可能实现中国的能源安全和可持续发展。     

重庆市土地储备制度的融资选择

城市土地储备制度的运行必须以连续的资金流为保汪，但是传统的融资渠道，如财政拨款和银行贷款已不能满足当前城市土地整理及开发中巨大的资金需求。以重庆市为例，从分析重庆市城市土地利用状况和土地市场特点出发，运用PPP模式和ABS模式，提出土地信托和土地债券的概念，得出一条创新的城市土地储备制度融资渠道，以加强城市抵御各方面风险的能力。     

The sands of Forvie (Scotland): A case study in geomorphology and conservational management

The Sands of Forvie, National Nature Reserve, Scotland is a complex coastal sand dune system which is associated with the dynamic estuary of the River Ythan. The dune system has developed over more than 5000 years. The south partis a peninsula of dunes, sandhills, sand arcs, erosion and deflation surfaces. The north part is superimposed on a rock plateau with a cliff coastline. This plateau is covered in glacial deposits and is essentially an upland heath landscape. Some of the best examples of large active parabolic dunes in Britain are found in North Forvie. The sequence of geomorphic development is described. As a nature reserve with a rich ecology it has been managed for conservational purposes since 1960s. As such it is an excellent case study of how conservational management has changed to become more flexible and more aware of the importance of dynamic processes.     

黄河三角洲自然保护区生物多样性及其保护

介绍了黄河三角洲自然保护区内物种多样性和生态系统的多样性,分析了破坏和威胁生物多样性的因素,提出了自然保护区生物多样性保护措施。     

论长白山自然保护区的综合功能效应

自然保护区除了具有保护自然环境和自然资源的功能,还具有开展科学研究、资源持续利用示范、开展宣传教育等多方面的功能效应。本文针对长白山国家级自然保护区的管理目标,阐述了该保护区为实现管理目标而进行的功能区划分,进而揭示了该保护区在现有功能区划分的基础上所发挥出的综合功能效应,可为全国同类自然保护区的管理提供借鉴     

甘家湖荒漠梭梭林自然保护区管理问题的初探

结合西北实际对甘家湖梭梭林自然保护区的现状及管理进行了初步分析,并提出应如何加强管理的对策和建议。     

The influence of food change on the development ofArchips podana Sc. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a polyphagous insect

The influence of food change on the development of the mothArchips podana was studied. Larvae of a natural population were collected from an apple tree. Nevertheless, the minimal duration of development and the maximal weight of pupae in the next generation were observed in insects that developed on plum, pear, and currant, rather than on apple trees. Transfer has effect on larvae of late instars: transfer from the plum to other trees results in the deterioration of developmental parameters, while that from apple to plum and currant leads to their improvement. This procedure has an effect on the proportion of pupating larvae. The timing of egg laying influences the development and mortality of the larvae. The development of adults from older clutches on apple is comparable to that on plum.     

森林自然保护区保护效果评价方法:挑战与进展

建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性的最有效的保护措施之一,但如何评估自然保护区保护效果一直是自然保护研究的难点。本文针对热带森林自然保护区保护效果评价方法进行综述,分析热带森林自然保护区保护效果评价面临的挑战:空间不可比、时间不可比;明确了热带森林自然保护区保护效果评价可比性建立的基本模式:确定森林退化指标,选择协变量,平衡协变量,选择对比方式,判断并去除空间溢出的影响范围;回顾了自然保护区保护效果评估常用统计方法:回归评估法和匹配评估法。为了加强热带森林自然保护区保护效果评估,在今后评估方法选择过程中建议:强化时空对比;强化多学科交叉方法的应用;强调多维度评估指标的选择和应用。     

长白山自然保护区森林生态系统间接经济价值评估

使用市场价值法、影子工程法、机会成本法和替代花费法等对长白山自然保护区森林牛态系统的功能价值进行了经济评估评价结果表明,保护区总的生态功能价值为176465.94万元,其中活立木生产量价值10777.43万元,涵养水源价值69741.2万元,保护土壤减少侵蚀的价值2307.02万元,固碳以减缓温室效应的价值87716．6万元,林分持留N、P、K分价值4338．88万元,降解SO₂和防治病虫害价值1584.73万元     

Biodiversity conservation: From ecosystem to the ecosystem approach

The possibility of implementing 12 principles of the ecosystem approach is considered with regard to the results of meetings of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and recent international forums. The importance of these principles for achieving the main goals of the CBD is shown, and the role of biosphere reserves in solving urgent problems of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development in adjoining territories of subjects of the Russian Federation is discussed.