油气集输联合站消防系统探讨

介绍了油气集输工程建设中的消防设计标准和消防设施的配备,主要结合输气管道沿线各站场的实际情况,通过消防设计参数核算和安全要求,建立合理的消防系统,以保证防火的安全。     

振动台进行冲击响应谱试验控制参数优化方法

冲击响应谱(SRS)试验已经成为大多数航天产品必做的力学环境试验项目之一,而利用电动振动台进行模拟试验已成为常用方法。在试验实施过程中如果控制策略、参数设置不合理,经常导致控制过试验/欠试验,或者持续时间过长等问题。文中利用小波合成冲击响应谱原理,结合SD2560控制系统,通过调试和试验确定如何较好地利用振动台开展冲击响应谱试验,给出了小波各参数的确定及优化方法。     

生物法降解含油污泥反应器流场及工作参数研究

为提高生物反应器法处理含油污泥的降解效率,对生物反应器内铜绿假单胞菌NY3降解含油污泥的工艺过程进行研究.建立了生物反应器内气-液-固三相流场动力学模型和群体平衡模型(PBM),结合FLUENT软件对反应器内气泡直径分布和搅拌转速进行仿真.研究发现,直径在6mm以下的气泡占比为85%,能有效增加反应体系溶解氧浓度,并模拟出反应器最佳离底悬浮转速为150r/min.利用氧守恒原理建立了曝气速率随时间的变化关系模型,并通过设计实验确定最佳接菌量为15.23%,温度为32.56℃,指导最终降解过程的工艺参数选择.通过设定最佳工作参数值,用多功能生物反应器对6kg含油污泥进行降解实验,反应9d后石油烃降解率高达86.20%,含油率为1.46%.研究结果表明,生物反应器法降解含油污泥周期短、效率高,为处理含油污泥提供了一种有效可靠的新途径.     

考虑移动医院的因灾受损血液供应链网络重构

为快速恢复因灾受损的血液供应链的救援能力,针对血液这一重要医疗物资,研究考虑移动医院的应急供应链重构。设计包含移动医院和临时献血点选址、血液外调与自采和血液与伤员转运的混合整数规划模型,并以红细胞为例,将模型应用于我国龙门山地震带的灾害救治案例中。结果表明:重构的供应链能够综合运用移动医院等资源,快速恢复血液救援能力,最大程度缓解灾害影响。即便是在灾情最严重的情况下,缺血量可减少12.95%。管理者在进行人道主义应急救援决策时,应综合考虑移动医院等医疗资源的有效利用。     

Two-Dimensional Automatic Control Modeling of a Posture Control System

A posture control model has been developed on the basis of the 2-dimensional feedback control theory. Human postural characteristics were investigated in 5 healthy participants. Tests were performed with eyes open and eyes closed. After 5 s of quiet standing, each participant was unexpectedly pulled forward by 30 mm at his pelvis height and then released. Postural sway was measured over 20 s at a rate of 100 per second. Transfer functions to represent the posture control characteristic were identified by the least squares' method. These showed good results of the model's fitness, predictability, and stability. The response of the eyes-closed condition to perturbation is more oscillatory than that of the eyes-open condition. It seems that the model identified could be applicable to ergonomics, sports, or clinical situations.     

支持向量机在边坡稳定性预测中的应用

针对离子型稀土原地浸矿边坡稳定性问题的小样本、非线性等特点,采用一种边坡稳定性预测模型——支持向量机(SVM)模型,分别使用网格参数寻优、遗传算法(GA)参数寻优、粒子群(PSO)寻优算法来计算SVM模型的参数,分析比较3种算法得到的参数,确定最适合离子型稀土原地浸矿边坡稳定性预测的SVM回归模型的参数寻优算法。     

A CFD based explosion risk analysis methodology using time varying release rates in dispersion simulations

A full probabilistic Explosion Risk Analysis (ERA) is commonly used to establish overpressure exceedance curves for offshore facilities. This involves modelling a large number of gas dispersion and explosion scenarios. Capturing the time dependant build up and decay of a flammable gas cloud size along with its shape and location are important parameters that can govern the results of an ERA. Dispersion simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are generally carried out in detailed ERA studies to obtain these pieces of information. However, these dispersion simulations are typically modelled with constant release rates leading to steady state results. The basic assumption used here is that the flammable gas cloud build up rate from these constant release rate dispersion simulations would mimic the actual transient cloud build up rate from a time varying release rate. This assumption does not correctly capture the physical phenomena of transient gas releases and their subsequent dispersion and may lead to very conservative results. This in turn results in potential over design of facilities with implications on time, materials and cost of a project.In the current work, an ERA methodology is proposed that uses time varying release rates as an input in the CFD dispersion simulations to obtain the fully transient flammable gas cloud build-up and decay, while ensuring the total time required to perform the ERA study is also reduced. It was found that the proposed ERA methodology leads to improved accuracy in dispersion results, steeper overpressure exceedance curves and a significant reduction in the Design Accidental Load (DAL) values whilst still maintaining some conservatism and also reducing the total time required to perform an ERA study.     

基于相关向量机模型的腐蚀声发射信号识别

相关向量机(RVM)模型的分类性能与其核函数参数的选择有密切关系。本文分别利用人工蜂群算法(ABC)、粒子群算法(PSO)和遗传算法(GA)寻找相关向量机模型的最优参数,对几种方法的寻优性能进行了对比。采用基于二叉树结构的一对多扩展方法,对二分类相关向量机模型进行了扩展,建立了四分类模型。基于该分类模型对罐底腐蚀声发射信号进行识别,将声发射特征参数和频域参数作为模型的输入参数,获得了较好的识别结果。     

基于无人机多光谱的沼泽植被识别方法

为了探究高分辨率无人机多光谱数据对沼泽植被群丛识别能力,在洪河国家级自然保护区的核心区、缓冲区和实验区分别建立典型样区,通过低空无人机搭载的RGB及多光谱相机获取研究区正射影像,构建多维数据集并确立4种分类方案.采用面向对象的随机森林（RF）算法,对输入的多维数据集进行变量选择和参数（mtry、ntree）调优,构建适合沼泽植被群丛尺度识别模型.结果表明：优化的面向对象的RF算法对沼泽湿地植被具有较高的识别能力,在95%的置信区间内,核心区方案四（结合了光谱波段、纹理特征、几何特征、位置特征、地表高程信息和植被指数）获得最高总体精度为87.12%,kappa系数为0.850,比方案二（结合了光谱波段、几何特征和位置特征）总体精度高12.27%,kappa系数高0.140;对于单一典型沼泽湿地植被识别精度中,芦苇获得最高的用户精度高于88%,生产者精度高于90%,小叶章的生产者精度高于85%,但是在核心区用户精度较低,仅为78%.该方法可以作为沼泽植被群丛识别的有效方法,为研究沼泽湿地生态环境变化提供更准确的数据支持.     

二硫化碳对作业工人心血管系统的影响

对80名接触二硫化碳的生产工人进行了血脂和心血管系统影响的调查.结果显示,接触组的收缩压和舒张压均值与对照组相比,均明显增高(收缩压t=4.15,P＜0.01;舒张压t=2.89,P＜0.01);心电图异常和高血压发生率两组相比,接触组亦明显高于对照组,差异有极显著性意义(心电图异常χ2=23.06,P＜0.01;高血压χ2=18.03,P＜0.01);但血脂(TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C)检查,两组相比,差别均无显著性意义(P均＞0.05).研究显示,较长时间接触二硫化碳对心血管系统可产生影响,表现为血压升高,心电功能异常.