间歇式活性污泥法处理味精工业废水的研究

研究了间歇式活性污泥法处理味精工业废水的操作运作条件，实验结果表明，采用非限制曝气进水方式为宜；在进水时间为1h ,反应时间为6h，泥水比为1，污泥负荷＜0.2kgCOD/kgMLSS,pH=6-7条件下运行，可高效降解废水中的有机物，COD的去除率达90％以上；废水中所含高浓度的硫酸盐对SBR处理系统无影响。     

用SPE法萃取,GC／NPD检测全血中氯氮平药物

本文报道了用固相萃取技术（ＳＰＥ）富集分离全血中的氯氮平药物，采用气相色谱氮磷检测器（ＧＣ／ＮＰＤ）分析方法凤ＳＫＦ５２５Ａ为内标物，在１ｍｌ全血中加入２．０μｇ药物，回收率为９０．０％，ＲＳＤ为７．９５％，血中最低检出浓度为５８ｎｇ．ｍｌ＾－１，该方法具有简单、快速、准确、１灵敏的优点。     

黄孢原毛平革菌酵母双杂交cDNA文库的构建及应用

作为研究木质素降解系统的模式微生物黄孢原毛平革菌,迄今还没有蛋白-蛋白相互作用方面的报道.本研究利用酵母双杂交技术构建了低氮培养基中培养2d和3d的酵母双杂交cDNA文库,分别得到2.5×105和3.0×105个重组子.以14-3-3蛋白为钓饵筛选3d cDNA文库,在SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp缺陷培养基平板上共获得了约600个单克隆,进一步分析发现,有30个克隆可激活3个报告基因.分离自这些克隆中的质粒DNA能转化大肠杆菌.利用HaeⅢ和Sau3AⅠ限制酶切分析可将它们分为4类.序列测定和同源分析结果表明,其中一类为14-3-3蛋白基因,提示14-3-3蛋白可形成二聚体,另外3类在GenBank没有明显同源的基因.通过SBASE网站预测,编号为Y2H333的克隆含有一个OB-fold核酸结合结构域(OB-fold nucleic acid binding domain).这些研究结果表明,所构建的黄孢原毛平革菌cDNA酵母杂交文库是成功的,14-3-3蛋白在黄孢原毛平革菌中能以蛋白-蛋白相互作用的形式发挥功能.图4表1参28     

大鸨生长期能量代谢和蛋白质沉积量的初步研究

对不同日龄笼养大鸨 (Otistarda)的能量代谢和蛋白质沉积量进行研究 .结果表明 ,5 0日龄、70日龄、30 0日龄和 4 0 0日龄雄性大鸨的能量日摄入量分别为 14 98.9kJ、2 376 .2kJ、2 397.4kJ和 2 4 6 5 .9kJ;能量代谢率分别为 82 .3%、81.8%、81.8%和 83.1% ;蛋白质的日沉积量分别为 5 .8g、13.4g、15 .8g和 13.5g .表 3参 9     

Integrated ecological models: simulation of socio-cultural constraints on ecological dynamics

We suggest that general systems theory provides a common philosophical basis for dialog between ecological and social scientists interested in studying the reciprocal interactions of humans and their environment. We (1) provide a synopsis of the ‘systems approach' as viewed from the biological and social sciences, respectively; (2) develop a conceptual framework for the explicit linking of ecological and social variables, and (3) draw upon game theoretic results of the Prisoner's Dilemma to represent human decision-making quantitatively in a model that simulates the tragedy of the commons. The model consists of 5 submodels that represent the ‘observers world' and each of 4 ‘participant's worlds.' The observer's-world represents the decision processes, either Optimize or Tit-for-Tat, by which each of 2 users decides to add or remove animals. The 4 perceived worlds represent hypothetical situations in which (1) persons A and B both add an animal; (2) A adds and B does not; (3) B adds and A does not, and (4) neither A nor B add an animal. Simulation results indicate that net worth of the community and of each person individually under Tit-for-Tat is more than double the net worth attained under Optimize. Replacement of the static payoff matrix assumed in game theory with a dynamic quantitative model illustrates how ‘norm-based' approaches to ecosystem management can outperform optimizing approaches based on predicted outcomes. Although ‘soft systems' techniques may better help decision-makers reach norm-based agreements on ecosystem management, quantitative models have more explanatory value, and if developed sufficiently such models could incorporate complex social dimensions that would enhance further their explanatory value.     

用高效分散剂碳化法从煤矸石中制备超细氢氧化铝粉体

利用煤矸石为原料制备超细氢氧化铝粉体。采用高温煅烧活化煤矸石，利用C2S晶相转变制备煤矸石自粉化料，用8％Na2CO3溶液从煤矸石自粉化料中以NaAlO2形式提取铝组分，用高效分散剂碳化法制备超细氢氧化铝粉体。研究了高效分散剂碳化法制备高纯超细氢氧化铝粉体的影响因素，找出了高效分散剂碳化法制备超细氢氧化铝粉体的最佳条件，制备出了平均粒度〈100nm、纯度〉99．9％的氢氧化铝，为煤矸石的高价值利用开辟了一条新的途径。     

The stability of trophic mass-balance models of marine ecosystems: a comparative analysis

Dynamic simulations of 18

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mass-balance marine trophic models are used to explore the stability of systems when briefly impacted by a fishery on the key ‘wasp–waist' populations occurring at intermediate trophic levels. The results are related to different ecosystem goal functions previously identified as representative of three attributes of ecosystems development: community complexity, homeostasis and energetics. System recovery time, the time required for all functional groups to returns to baseline level, and here used as a measure of model stability, was inversely correlated to Finn's Cycling Index, i.e. to the fraction of ecosystem throughput that is recycled, and to the mean length of trophic pathways in the systems. Systems with higher capacity to recycle detritus are systems with a higher ability to recover from perturbations. The results are in agreement with the E.P. Odum's theory of ecosystem development, where recycling is interpreted as a chief positive feedback mechanism that contributes to stability in the mature systems by preventing overshoots and destructive oscillations due to external impacts.     

热带山地雨林土壤球囊霉素的分布特征

球囊霉素(GRSP)作为土壤有机碳的重要组分,对土壤质量和土壤碳库有着重要的指示作用。选择我国保存最完好的热带雨林海南尖峰岭为研究对象,通过不同海拔(300、600、900、1200 m)的样品采集,研究了热带山地雨林丛枝菌根(AM)的重要分泌物球囊霉素的空间分布特征,并结合土壤因子,进一步探讨了其分布机制,旨在阐明球囊霉素对热带山地雨林土壤碳库和土壤质量的贡献,丰富丛枝菌根的功能多样性理论基础。结果表明,4个海拔的植物都具有较高的菌根侵染水平,平均为82.92%。不同海拔间,土壤总提取球囊霉素(T-GRSP)和易提取球囊霉素(EE-GRSP)含量具有相同的变化规律,都在海拔1200 m时最高,显著高于其它3个海拔。尖峰岭T-GRSP的质量分数在1.79-3.11 mg·g^-1之间,平均2.205 mg·g^-1;EE-GRSP则为0.75-1.13 mg·g^-1,平均0.904 mg·g^-1。T-GRSP和EE-GRSP占土壤全碳比值的规律在4个海拔也一致,都是在海拔1200 m时最低。在4个海拔中,T-GRSP和EE-GRSP分别占到土壤全碳质量分数的4.33%-8.87%和1.58%-4.12%。对T-GRSP和EE-GRSP的影响因素分析则表明,土壤全碳、全氮和C/N都影响着GRSP的含量;无论是T-GRSP还是EE-GRSP都随着土壤全碳、全氮和C/N的增大而增加;三者对T-GRSP变异的解释率(63.16%、58.94%和36.05%)要远远高于对EE-GRSP变异的解释率(39.59%、32.19%和19.08%)。但土壤pH则仅影响着EE-GRSP的含量变化,全磷则对T-GRSP和EE-GRSP都没有影响。可见,热带雨林土壤中,GRSP含量较高,对土壤碳库具有重要的贡献,且受到土壤全碳和全氮及二者比例的显著影响。     

甘蓝型油菜脂肪酸链延长酶基因FAE1的克隆与原核表达

脂肪酸延长酶1(FAE1)是广泛存在于植物中并定位于内质网上的一种能催化脂肪酸碳链延长的酮脂酰CoA合成酶.根据Genbank上已知的植物FAE1基因设计引物,以从甘蓝型油菜叶片中提取的总DNA为模板,进行PCR扩增,获得了1380bp的片段.回收该片段,并连接到pMD18-T载体测序.序列比对结果说明了该片段与植物中已知的FAE1序列有极高的相似性,并且不存在内含子序列.将该片段通过高保真酶扩增,EcoRⅠ酶切消化后定向克隆到pGEX-2T表达载体中,在IPTG诱导下于28℃表达出Mr76×103的蛋白质条带.用兔抗GST多克隆抗体做第一抗体进行Western-blot检测,并获得阳性检测结果.这为甘蓝型油菜脂肪酸链延长酶基因FAE1功能的进一步研究奠定了基础.图4表1参14     

How <Emphasis Type="Italic">Doratomyces stemonitis</Emphasis> copes with Benzoxazolin-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-one (BOA), its derivatives and detoxification products

Summary. Doratomyces stemonitis (Hyphomycetales, Dematiaceae) is a saprotrophic fungus belonging to the mycobiota of the cereal rhizosphere. The fungus is able to metabolize benzoxazolin-2-(3H)-one and a variety of its derivatives including higher plant detoxification products, microbial degradation products and the chemically rather stable 2-amino-(3H)-phenoxazin-3-one. D. stemonitis can use all of these compounds as sole C-sources but their utilization, especially that of microbial degradation products and 2-amino-(3H)-phenoxazin-3-one, seems to be highly energy consuming, resulting in slow mycelium growth and a change of colony morphology. Benzoxazolin-2-(3H)-one derived compounds induce the synthesis of different isoforms of a glycosylated protein with sequence homologies to the endo-1,3-β-glucanase Asp f2, an allergen from Aspergillus fumigatus and other Asp f2-like proteins e.g., from Verticillium dahliae or PRA1 antigen from Candida albicans. The induction of the protein is regarded as a stress response.