废旧干电池对泥鳅的致毒作用

以抗污染能力强的泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicadatus)为实验材料,研究了废旧干电池污染的水源对水生生物的毒害作用。结果表明,泥鳅受毒害程度与水体中废旧干电池的数量和暴露时间成正相关关系;对受毒害但未死亡的个体断尾取血,显微镜下观察血红细胞的形态、结构,发现在废旧干电池污染的水体中残存的个体,其血红细胞的变异率远远超过生活在正常水体中的个体。     

生长温度对盾叶薯蓣POD活性等生理特性的影响

研究了15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃和35℃五个不同温度条件下盾叶薯蓣一些生理参数的变化.结果显示,盾叶薯蓣叶片的POD活性和MDA含量的变化呈V字形,其中在25℃时处于最低点;可溶性蛋白含量的变化呈M字形,可溶糖含量的变化呈W字形.在15℃、20℃、30℃和35℃下, 5d内,随着时间的延长,MDA含量增加,POD活性、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖的含量下降;在25℃下,盾叶薯蓣的POD活性以及MDA、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖的含量变化较小,相对稳定,所以25℃是最为适宜的生长温度. 图1表1参20     

液相色谱法测定血中巴比妥类药物

本文建立了血样中巴比妥类药物的液相色谱定性定量分析方法，该法采用Ｃ１８反相色谱柱分离，二极管矩检测器检测，能一次性将４种药物分析和鉴定，通过色谱峰的保留时间和紫外吸收光谱定性，以色谱的峰面积定量，标准曲线的直线范围在０－１０μｇ．ｍ１＾－１，相关系数在０．９９以上。血中药物经溶浏萃取，回收率在９５％以上，血中的杂质不影响药物检测。方法的最小检出浓度为１０ｎｇ．ｍ１＾－１，本法可用于临床中毒样品的分     

镉致鸡血管氧化应激与金属硫蛋白含量的变化

为探讨镉(Cd)对血管抗氧化功能及金属硫蛋白(MT)的影响,将180只50日龄健康雌性海兰鸡随机分为3组(对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组),分别饲喂含0、140、210mg·kg-1(BW)CdCl2的基础日粮,在饲养20、40、60d后采集主动脉和前腔静脉,测定其MT含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果表明:1)Cd暴露后,与对照组相比,低剂量组血管MT含量显著升高(p<0.01),并随暴露时间的延长而逐渐增加;高剂量组血管MT含量显著降低(p<0.01),并随暴露时间的延长先升高后降低.2)随着Cd暴露剂量的加大,血管SOD、GSH-Px活性逐渐降低,而MDA含量逐渐升高,具有明显的剂量-效应关系.3)随着暴露时间的延长,血管SOD、GSH-Px活性逐渐降低,MDA含量逐渐升高,具有明显的时间-效应关系.4)Cd暴露下,主动脉与前腔静脉各指标具有相同的变化趋势.以上结果表明,Cd具有血管毒性,其毒作用机理可能与MT含量变化以及抗氧化功能失衡有关.     

Removal of petroleum tar from bird feathers utilizing magnetic particles

A previously reported acute temperature dependency for the effective removal of tarry residue from feather clusters, utilising magnetic particles, has also been demonstrated to occur for the plumage of whole birds, whereby a maximum removal of up to 96% may be achieved. The experimental design allows an approximate equilibrium constant, for the distribution of contaminant between the residue and the magnetic particles, to be estimated at each temperature. This allows the thermodynamics of the process to be examined via application of the van't Hoff equation, suggesting an explanation for the phenomenon.     

新疆干旱地区城镇居民硒水平

本文使用新极谱法对我国乌鲁木齐市和奎屯市的居民全血样品分别为９８例和５８例进行硒含量的测定，分别为７５．０１．４４２μｇ／１和１５８．７４１．６μｇ／１．乌鲁木齐市心血管疾病患者２０例，血硒含量为７２．３１．３８２μｇ／ｌ．乌鲁木齐市和奎屯市的水样中硒含量分别为１．７１μｇ／ｌ和３．０２μｇ／ｌ．乌鲁木齐市母乳２０例，硒含量为１１．８３．７７μｇ／ｌ．     

A co-operative approach to risk management in an active lead/zinc smelter community

Trail, Canada has been the site of a large lead/zinc smelting facility since 1916. In mid 1990, the Trail Community Lead Task Force was established and given responsibility for developing a strategy to reduce children's blood lead levels. With funding from the provincial government, the smelting company and the municipal government, the Task Force has carried out blood lead screening, case management, community education, exposure pathways modelling and remediation trials. The decline in children's blood lead levels appeared to accelerate following the implementation of these programmes. The average blood lead in Trail children aged 6–72 months fell 14% from the autumn of 1991 to autumn of 1992, whereas for the previous 16 years, the average annual decline had been about 4%. In subsequent years, blood lead levels have appeared to plateau. Throughout the 5-year history of the Task Force, its members have demonstrated a strong sense of common purpose and have worked co-operatively to reach consensus on most issues.     

Lead in a residential environment in Jamaica

The background levels of lead in Jamaica in soils and sediments, estimated at 37 mg kg^–1, are relatively high compared with world averages. Several areas have values in excess of this due to mineralisation and pollution. One such is the residential Hope Flats/Kintyre area in which levels of lead up to 2.5% are found in the soils and up to 8 g kg^–1 in the water of the nearby Hope River. The blood lead levels of a sample of children were in the range 5.7–57 g dl^–1. The high lead levels suggest a potential health risk, particularly for the children. This can be minimised by programmes which include community education, case management and abatement to reduce the lead exposure.     

Utility of check dams in dilution of fluoride concentration in ground water and the resultant analysis of blood serum and urine of villagers,Anantapur District,Andhra Pradesh,India

High levels of fluoride (beyond 1.5 ppm) in ground water as source of drinking water are common in many parts of Andhra Pradesh, India, causing fluorosis. The study carried out in endemic Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, has indicated that the fluoride-rich ground water present in the wells located down stream and close to the surface water bodies is getting diluted by the low-fluoride surface water. Encouraged by this result, check dams were constructed upstream of the identified marginally high fluoride bearing ground water zones in Anantapur District to reduce fluoride levels as an alternate solution for safe drinking water.In this paper, an attempt is made to study the utility and effect of these check dams in dilution of fluoride concentration in drinking water and its resultant impact on the health aspects of certain villagers of Anantapur District through the analysis of their blood serum and urine. Ground water samples from three fluoride-affected villages, blood and urine of males and females from the same villages were collected and analyzed for fluoride using ion selective electrode method. The results indicated that the fluoride levels in blood serum and urine of males in the age group of 5–11 years are found to be the highest. The concentration of fluoride in ground water is directly proportional to the concentration of fluoride in blood serum and urine. The concentration of fluoride in ground water with depth of the aquifer is a function of lithology, amount and duration of rainfall, rate of infiltration, level of ground water exploitation in the area etc. The construction of check dams upstream of the identified marginally high fluoride waters will not only cause additional recharge of ground water but also reduces the fluoride concentration eventually improving the health of the villagers.     

Enrichment and exposure of particulate lead in a traffic environment in India

Enrichment of lead in respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) and exposure of human blood to particulate lead in traffic environment were investigated. Samples of RSPM, non-respirable suspended particulate matter (NRSPM) and total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) were collected in 10 sampling sites located on National Highway No. 6, Durg–Bhilai section of Chhattisgarh State of India. Forty blood samples, out of which 20 of highway traffic personnel with chronic exposure and other 20 of general population who were residing more than 10 km away from the National Highway, were collected. Samples of particulate matter were weighed and analysed for particulate lead. Results have shown a higher concentration of average RSPM and TSPM in all the sampling sites compared to the Indian permissible limits. Geometric mean of lead levels was found in the range of 0.880–1.414 µg/m³ (TSPM) in the study sites. Concentrations of lead in RSPM have shown a higher enrichment (range 2.645–3.171) relative to NRSPM. Blood lead levels in traffic personnel and general population were found in the range of 56.70–101.17 µg/dL and 7.92–31.22 µg/dL, respectively.