改性竹炭生物滤池处理微污染原水的实验研究

以微污染原水中污染物质为去除目标,以廉价和资源丰富的竹炭为原料,通过微波辅助铁钴复合改性,制备了改性竹炭水处理材料,并应用于生物滤池中对微污染原水进行了实验研究。结果表明：在稳定运行条件下改性竹炭生物滤池对浊度、NH4＋－N及CODMn的平均去除率分别为84％、81％和74.5％,且随着运行时间的推移,改性竹炭生物滤池后期出水水质稳定：浊度＜1.0 NTU,NH4＋－N ＜0.5 mg／L,CODMn ＜1.0 mg／L。因此改性竹炭作为生物滤池填料应用于微污染原水处理是可行的。     

改性竹炭固定化威尼斯不动杆菌吸附协同降解柴油废水的机理及动力学分析

利用改性竹炭作为载体来固定化威尼斯不动杆菌(Acinetobacter venetianus),用于去除柴油.结果显示,培养96 h后,固定化菌对柴油的去除率为86.35%,要高于游离菌(80.50%).为了探究固定化菌去除柴油的机理,采用动力学拟合实验数据,发现固定化菌去除(吸附-降解)柴油中总石油烃(TPHs)的过程符合伪二级动力学,表明TPHs是先吸附在改性竹炭上,然后被目标菌降解.为了进一步证实,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察到Acinetobacter venetianus很好地固定在载体材料上.傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)结果表明,经固定化菌处理后,柴油水溶液的谱图在3437.2、2924.4、1407.8 cm-1处出现新的吸收峰,可能为烷烃降解的酯类及羧酸类物质.GC-MS分析表明,相比游离菌,固定化菌对柴油的去除更为彻底.因此,改性竹炭不仅可以作为良好的固定化载体,同时因其对TPHs良好的吸附性能从而提高了去除效率,为油类污染中TPHs的生物材料修复提供了一个新的视角.     

壳聚糖改性竹制粉末活性炭吸附剂对微囊藻毒素的吸附特性研究

研究了壳聚糖改性的竹制粉末活性炭吸附剂对饮用水中微囊藻毒素Microcystin-RR(MCRR)的吸附效果和机理.结果表明,这种新合成的吸附剂具有一定的孔结构,比表面积为203.63m·2g-1,平均孔径为7.23nm,并且具有较高比例的介孔分布,这种特性使得其对最长分子尺寸为2.86nm的MCRR具有较好的捕捉效果.吸附动力学实验表明,接触时间达到100min后,吸附趋于稳定,该吸附剂对MCRR的吸附行为可以用Langmuir模型(Ce/Qe=0.014Ce+0.81,R2=0.99)和Freundlich模型(lnQe=0.61lnCe+1.04,R2=0.99)较好地描述;在中性条件下该吸附剂对MCRR的最大吸附量达到69.93μg·g-1,具有较强的吸附能力.受吸附剂本身等电点及MCRR分子带电性能的影响,吸附剂对MCRR的吸附受pH影响较大,在pH=3时吸附能力最强;此外,天然有机物(NOM)的存在会对MCRR的吸附产生明显的竞争作用.脱附实验表明,改变脱附溶液的pH对提高脱附效率影响不大,甲醇作为脱附剂具有较好的脱附效果,脱附率可达到96%.     

Thermochemical pretreatment of meat and bone meal and its effect on methane production

Since the solubilization of meat and bone meal (MBM) is a prerequisite in many MBM disposal approaches, enhancement of the solubilization by means of thermochemical pretreatment was investigated in this study at two temperatures (55°C and 131°C) and six sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 g/L). The MBM volatile solid (VS) reduction ratio was up to 66% and 70% at 55°C and 131°C, respectively. At the same temperature, the VS reduction ratio increased with the increase in the dosage of NaOH. The study on the methane (CH₄) production potential of pretreated MBM shows that the addition of NaOH at 55°C did not cause the inhibition of the succeeding CH₄ production process. However, CH₄ production was inhibited by the addition of NaOH at 131°C. The CH₄ production potential was in the range of 389 to 503 mL CH₄/g VS MBM and 464 to 555 mL CH₄/g VS MBM at 55°C and 131°C, respectively.     

玻璃纤维生产废水处理实验研究

采用混凝 +SBR +活性炭吸附组合工艺对玻璃纤维废水进行了处理试验研究 ,结果表明单独使用高分子有机絮凝剂效果不好 ,而与无机混凝剂复合使用时阳离子有机絮凝剂比阴离子有机絮凝剂效果要好。PAM +与PAC复合使用的最佳pH值为 7.5 ,其最佳配比为 0 .0 0 2 +2 .4g/L。采用SBR生化处理后 ,废水中的有机物得到有效降解 ,出水COD浓度为 1 35mg/L ,去除率达到了 70 %。活性炭对于表面活性剂废水的后处理作用明显 ,COD去除率在 60 %以上。在常温条件下的实验结果 :COD从进水的 90 0mg/L下降到 55mg/L ,去除率93 .9% ,达到国家一级排放标准     

热分析在椰壳活性炭制备过程中的应用

以椰壳炭为原料,水为活化剂,利用同步热重-差热分析（TG—DTA）仪对椰壳炭活化的机理、浸渍时间、反应热效应以及微波辐照对椰壳活性炭制备的影响进行了探讨。实验表明,不同的椰壳炭都有一个吸热脱水失重阶段。随着浸渍时间的增加,活化点、失重率以及相应放热温度区间的上限温度均增加,当浸渍时间由24h延长到48h时,390～998℃失重率由11．001％增加到32．048％,放热温度区间的上限温度由660℃增加为855℃,放热效应有利于水蒸气与椰壳炭在800～900℃高温下的吸热活化反应,同时有利于使水一椰壳炭通过微波辐照迅速达到活化反应温度,为椰壳活性炭的制备提供理论依据。     

Temperature calibration formula for activated charcoal radon collectors

Radon adsorption by activated charcoal collectors such as PicoRad radon detectors is known to be largely affected by temperature and relative humidity. Quantitative models are, however, still needed for accurate radon estimation in a variable environment. Here we introduce a temperature calibration formula based on the gas adsorption theory to evaluate the radon concentration in air from the average temperature, collection time, and liquid scintillation count rate. On the basis of calibration experiments done by using the 25 m³ radon chamber available at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Japan, we found that the radon adsorption efficiency may vary up to a factor of two for temperatures typical of indoor conditions. We expect our results to be useful for establishing standardized protocols for optimized radon assessment in dwellings and workplaces.     

Use of agricultural waste for the removal of nitrate-nitrogen from aqueous medium

The effectiveness of wheat straw charcoal (WSC) and mustard straw charcoal (MSC) as adsorbents for the removal of nitrate-nitrogen from water has been investigated. Commercial activated carbon (CAC) was used as a standard for comparison. The adsorption effectiveness of MSC was highest followed by CAC and WSC irrespective of the concentration of nitrate-nitrogen in the range of 0-25mg/l. The effects of temperature in the range of 15-28 degrees C on adsorption by WSC and MSC have also been investigated. It was observed that the temperature dependence of the adsorption effectiveness of MSC was higher than that of WSC and CAC. It is concluded that the MSC can be used for the in situ treatment by adsorption of nitrate-nitrogen in underground and surface water.     

软锰矿-污泥活性炭的制备及其对废水中铅离子的吸附

以城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥为原料,掺杂一定量的软锰矿,采用氯化锌活化法制备一种软锰矿-污泥活性炭,并运用比表面积测定、电镜扫描、红外光谱分析及O2-TPO等表征手段对软锰矿-污泥活性炭及纯污泥活性炭进行了结构特性的比较分析,证明添加软锰矿将污泥活性炭的比表面积提高52.33%,是由于在制备过程中软锰矿催化了污泥中有机质的分解,同时也为新生炭提供了更多的骨架,促进了积炭反应的发生。软锰矿-污泥活性炭和纯污泥活性炭对废水中铅离子的吸附实验表明:当Pb2+初始浓度为40 mg/L、pH为5.0、活性炭用量为2 g/L、吸附时间为1 h时,软锰矿-污泥活性炭对废水中Pb2+的去除率可达88%,效果明显优于纯污泥活性炭。常温下软锰矿-污泥活性炭对Pb2+的吸附符合Lang-muir吸附等温式。