硼铁合金烟气净化喷淋塔气液两相流数值模拟

基于计算流体力学(CFD)技术,采用fluent软件平台,针对某硼铁合金厂烟气处理系统中现有设计参数及操作条件下喷淋塔内部流场进行了三维数值模拟分析,对有无喷淋条件下的烟气流场分布进行了对比,另外还分析了喷淋压力,烟气进口速度,以及液滴分布对气液流场分布的影响。较高的喷淋压力和较低的烟气速度有利于气液两相间的传质,液滴的分布也影响着气液两相的传质效率。     

硼泥复合混凝剂处理切削乳化液废水

研究了硼泥复合混凝剂处理切削乳化液废水的影响因素和最佳处理条件。废水含油量小于３０００ｍｇ／Ｌ时处理的最佳ｐＨ值范围为５．５～１０．０，最佳加药量范围为０．５～５．０ｇ／Ｌ，油的去除率在９６％以上，搅拌速度、搅拌时间、沉降时间、温度对油的去除率无显著影响。硼泥复合混凝剂处理切削乳化液废水与其它处理方法相比具有操作条件范围宽，处理成本低，效率高等优点。     

掺硼铁氧化物在紫外-可见光下的催化性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备不同掺硼量的针铁矿和赤铁矿催化剂,并用X射线衍射图谱（XRD）、比表面积（BET法）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（DRS）及电荷零点（盐滴定法）对催化剂进行表征.结果表明：硼掺杂能改变催化剂的晶体结构,增大其比表面积和Lewis表面酸度,并能提高催化剂的紫外-可见光活性.在紫外光下,掺硼质量分数2%的赤铁矿对...     

Nitrate leaching from a free-draining volcanic soil irrigated with municipal sewage effluent in New Zealand

Land application of municipal sewage effluent is becoming increasingly popular worldwide as a means of disposal, treatment, nutrient recycling, irrigation to meet plants' water requirements, and groundwater recharge. Nitrate leaching from a volcanic soil (Typic Udivitrand) was investigated under a Pinus radiata plantation near Rotorua, New Zealand, which had received, on average, 0, 29, and 88 mm per week of tertiary-treated municipal sewage effluent for the previous 4 years. Four replicates of undisturbed soil monolith lysimeters (200 mm diameter×200 mm depth) from surface soil from each treatment were used to study the influence of the three different rates of effluent application on N leaching. A rapid emergence of nitrate–N occurred in the drainage samples, and indicated that approximately up to half of soil nitrate was readily leached beyond the topsoil. Nitrate–N concentrations in the drainage water increased substantially with effluent application rate, almost reaching the World Health Organisation recommended limits (approximately 10 g m⁻³) in plots receiving effluent at the highest rate. Given that nitrate leaching from the soils may threaten the viability of the land treatment system, due to large N loads being observed in streams which drain irrigated catchments during winter periods, possible strategies for minimising nitrate leaching losses under effluent irrigation may need to be considered.     

污水土地处理系统中硼的分布与输送模型

给出了慢速渗滤土地处理条件下土壤系统中硼的非稳态与稳态定义;建立了硼在土壤-植物系统中分布与输送的数学模型。论述了土地处理系统水力负荷,硼污染负荷、土壤理化性质、淋失率等因素对硼累积与迁移的影响。通过讨论硼的土壤溶液浓度同植物摄取的关系,提出了减少污水土地处理系统中硼对植物危害的途径。该模型可用于土地处理系统或灌溉系统硼的预测。     

Applying the concept of agrodiversity to indigenous soil and water conservation practices in eastern Kenya

Agrodiversity – the diversity of cropping systems, crop species and farm management practices has received increasing attention in recent years as a way of spreading risk and supporting food security in resource-poor farming systems. This paper discusses the dynamic aspects of indigenous soil and water conservation (ISWC) practices in a semi-arid part of Kenya. The objective is to show the range of sources of variability and diversity that prevail in this environment, the responses of farmers to this variability, and the way farmers' rationalise the heterogeneity of soil and water management practices. Methods used included participatory surveys and evaluations, on-farm monitoring, soil and rainfall data analyses, and questionnaire surveys. Sources of variability affecting cropping systems and land management practices included rainfall, soil fertility, farmer resource level and farm productivity. A decision-tree was developed to examine how biophysical and socio-economic variability affected farmers' choice of ISWC. Different ISWC structures dominated on sandy and stony soils, respectively. Low resource farmers tended to choose cheaper and less labour demanding techniques, and constructed smaller ISWC structures than better endowed farmers. The largest diversity of ISWC practices was found on newly-opened land with mixed soils. Moreover, on-farm productivity levels indicated that costly investments in SWC are unfeasible, as this would further increase the risk for negative returns to farming. The wider implications of the results are that SWC interventions in marginal areas should build on the existing agrodiversity and an understanding of the complex interactions between environmental and socio-economic factors that give rise to differences in farming systems and land management practices.     

A socio-economic analysis of rice production systems in the uplands of northern Vietnam

Production of upland rice under shifting cultivation system is an important economic activity in the mountainous areas of northern Vietnam. A comparative study of two districts with differential market access and population pressure was conducted to highlight the effect of these variables on upland rice systems in northern Vietnam. Farmers in the district with a greater population pressure have a shorter cropping and a shorter fallowing cycle than in the district with lower population pressure. Farmers reported a high incidence of food shortage in both districts. Income from livestock and wages are important for food purchases, especially in the district with a better access to market. Even in these upland districts, access to lowland fields is a critical determinant of food security.     

GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN THE CORTARO AREA NORTHWEST OF TUCSON,ARIZONA1

ABSTRACT The Cortaro Area is currently the depository for much of the liquid waste from the City of Tucson. In the past, more than one-half of the sewage effluent was used for crop irrigation. However, since 1970 virtually all of the sewage effluent has been percolated in the normally dry Santa Cruz River channel. Nitrate and chloride contents were monitored monthly in water samples from about 20 large-capacity irrigation wells. Contents and seasonal trends for these constituents were closely related to the disposal of sewage effluent. Water quality problems other than nitrate include total dissolved solids, boron, coliform, and lead. High lead contents in the area appear to be a natural phenomenon and the coliform contents are likely related to poor well construction. The other quality problems are primarily due to sewage effluent.     

丹东地区农业土壤污染及防治研究

本文以丹东地区农业土壤污染与防治为研究对象,论述了在进行经济活动、污染源、污染方式调查的基础上的采样布点原则,并采用灰色聚类法及综合污染指数法进行土壤污染现状评价,根据本地区土壤污染的具体问题提出了镁、硼、锌等的污染防治对策。本文还将邻近学科的甄别比概念引入该研究中。     

硼暴露对男性精液质量的影响

 为考察硼对男性生殖健康有无影响,分析了研究设计分组、日硼摄入量和肌酐校正后的班后尿硼浓度对精子密度、前向运动精子百分率、a级精子和精子总数的影响.结果表明,在研究摄入量范围内,研究对象分别以研究设计分组、WHO推荐日硼摄入安全上限13mg/d分组和肌酐校正尿硼浓度分组,组间精子密度、前向运动精子百分率、a级精子和精子总数差别没有统计学意义.