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471.
高地下水位地区透水停车场的水文控制效果 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
为确定高地下水位地区透水铺装对路面径流的水文控制效果,在上海市区建造了4个实验性透水铺装单元与1个不透水铺装对照,其中3个为设有防水衬底的不透型设施分别为透水混凝土铺装(设施Ⅰ)、水泥稳定碎石基层/缝隙透水砖面层(设施Ⅱ)、碎石基层/缝隙透水砖面层(设施Ⅲ),1个普通缝隙透水砖铺装(设施Ⅳ),以及1个不透水混凝土对照(设施0).历时1年监测了实际降雨条件下4种实验设施的表面径流、排水管出流流量及表面渗透速率,考察不同设施的径流总量削减率、峰值削减及峰现延迟能力.结果表明,缝隙透水砖面层的表面稳定渗透速率明显小于透水混凝土面层,使用1年后,2种面层表面稳定渗透速率均明显下降;4种设施的表面产流均无显著差异;3种不透型设施的就地消纳水量能力均较弱,年径流总量控制率分别为24.2%、28.5%、28.4%,排水管不发生出流的控制降雨量分别为5.2 mm、7.8 mm、7.8 mm;设施Ⅰ的峰值削减与峰现延迟效果弱于设施Ⅱ及设施Ⅲ,且3种设施的峰值削减率和峰现延迟时间与降雨强度呈现显著负相关性. 相似文献
472.
XIE Jian-jun YANG Xue-min ZHANG Lei DING Tong-li SONG Wen-li LIN Wei-gang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(1):109-116
This paper presents the experimental investigations of the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a bench scale circulating fluidized bed combustor for coal combustion and co-firing coal and biomass. The thermal capacity of the combustor is 30 kW. The setup is electrically heated during startup. The influence of the excess air, the degree of the air staging, the biomass share and the feeding position of the fuels on the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O were studied. The results showed that an increase in the biomass shares resulted in an increase of the CO concentration in the flue gas, probably due to the high volatile content of the biomass. In co-firing, the emission of SO2 increased with increasing biomass share slightly, however, non-linear increase relationship between SO2 emission and fuel sulfur content was observed. Air staging significantly decreased the NO emission without raising the SO2 level. Although the change of the fuel feeding position from riser to downer resulted in a decrease in the NO emission level, no obvious change was observed for the SO2 level. Taking the coal feeding position R as a reference, the relative NO emission could significantly decrease during co-firing coal and biomass when feeding fuel at position D and keeping the first stage stoichiometry greater than 0.95. The possible mechanisms of the sulfur and nitrogen chemistry at these conditions were discussed and the ways of simultaneous reduction of SO2, NO and N2O were proposed. 相似文献
473.
To investigate the feasibility of detoxifying chromium slag by sewage sludge,synthetic chromium slag containing 3% of Cr(VI) was mixed with sewage sludge followed by thermal treatment in nitrogen gas for stabilizing chromium.The effects of slag to sludge ratio(0.5,1 and 2) and temperature(200,300,500,700 and 900°C) on treatment efficiency were investigated.During the mixing process before thermal treatment,59.8%-99.7% of Cr(VI) was reduced,but Cr could be easily leached from the reduction product.Increasing heating temperature and decreasing slag to sludge ratio strengthened the reduction and stabilization of Cr(VI).When the slag to sludge ratio was 0.5 and thermal treatment temperature was 300°C,the total leached Cr and Cr(VI) declined to 0.55 mg/L and 0.17 mg/L respectively,and 45.5% of Cr in the thermally treated residue existed as residual fraction.A two-stage mechanism was proposed for the reduction and stabilization of Cr. 相似文献
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475.
水稻秸秆生物炭对耕地土壤有机碳及其CO2释放的影响 总被引:11,自引:5,他引:11
为探究生物炭自身稳定性及其输入土壤后对于土壤本体有机碳的影响,本研究模拟自然条件,分别将500℃和700℃裂解的水稻秸秆生物炭(RBC500和RBC700)以0%(空白土壤)、3%、6%和100%(纯生物炭)的比例添加至耕地土壤进行室内培养实验,观测总有机碳(TOC)与易氧化态碳(EOC)含量的变化及CO2排放特征.结果表明,与空白土壤处理相比,土壤TOC、EOC含量均随水稻秸秆生物炭添加量的增加而升高;相同添加量条件下,RBC500对土壤TOC与EOC增加的贡献均高于RBC700.各处理土壤TOC含量在前30 d内均降低(最大降幅为15.8%),并于培养后期趋于稳定;土壤EOC含量在培养初30 d内均降低,当生物炭添加比例为3%和6%时,RBC500使土壤的EOC含量降幅分别为72.4%和81.7%,大于RBC700的61.3%和69.8%;培养结束时,添加相同裂解温度生物炭的土壤EOC值相近.培养前期土壤中EOC含量的下降可能与生物炭中易分解组分引起的矿化作用有关.在130 d培养期内,CO2累计排放量大小顺序为:土壤+生物炭混合处理<纯土壤处理<纯生物炭处理,可见,生物炭的土壤处理可以减少土壤CO2的排放,最大减排率可达41.05%.在一个长的时间尺度内,生物炭的土壤处理有利于土壤碳的固定.生物炭施用于土壤可作为碳储存载体. 相似文献
476.
A series of WO3/CeO2 (WOx/CeO2) catalysts were synthesized by wet impregnation of ammonium metatungstate on a CeO2 support. The resulting solid acid catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in-situ FT-IR) of ammonia adsorption, NH3-TPD, H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), NH3/NO oxidation and activity measurements for NOx reduction by NH3 (NH3-SCR). The results show that polytungstate (WOx) species are the main species of tungsten oxide on the surface of ceria. The addition of tungsten oxide enhances the Brönsted acidity of ceria catalysts remarkably and decreases the amount of surface oxygen on ceria, with strong interaction between CeO2 and WOx. As a result, the N2 selectivity of NH3 oxidation and NH3-SCR at high temperatures (> 300℃) is enhanced. Therefore, a wide working temperature window in which NOx conversion exceeds 80% (NOx conversion > 80%) from 200 to 450℃, is achieved over 10 wt.% WOx/CeO2 catalyst. A tentative model of the NH3-SCR reaction route on WOx/CeO2 catalysts is presented. 相似文献
477.
A+OSA活性污泥工艺剩余污泥减量特性研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
采用自动热量计对Anoxic (A) + oxic-settling-anaerobic(OSA)系统解偶联池进出污泥进行热值分析,以考察污泥量变动与能值变动的相互关系;通过解偶联池参数调整,了解污泥减量趋势,结合能量和物质平衡与常规水质指标测试,推测减量途径和特性.结果表明,解偶联池水力停留时间为5.56、 7.14和9 h时,整个系统污泥减量分别为1.236、 0.771和0.599 g/d.进出解偶联池的污泥含能水平发生了变化,随停留时间增加出流污泥的单位热值有高于进流污泥单位热值的趋势:5.56 h时,进出水热值没有显著差异;7.14 h时,进出水热值差值在99~113 J/g之间;9 h时,差值在191~329 J/g之间.解偶联池发生了污泥的衰减,停留时间延长,衰减程度越高.A+OSA系统污泥减量是解偶联池污泥衰减与AO主体反应区污泥产生率变化共同作用的结果. 相似文献
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