珠江三角洲地区城市群发展对局地大气污染物扩散的影响

为探讨城市群发展对局地气象环境和污染物输送的影响,以珠江三角洲不同时期的下垫面为例,选取有利于和不利于污染扩散的较典型的气象条件,采用数值模拟手段,模拟并分析比较该地区城市群的形成与发展对城市气象环境、污染物分布、城市间污染物输送的影响.结果表明,重污染气象条件下出现长时间逆温现象,凌晨3 :0 0到6:0 0间逆温最强,强度约为2 1℃·hm- 1 ,逆温层厚度达3 0 0m .城市群的发展使得城市夜间的逆温强度增强,逆温持续时间增长;城市群的发展使得城市地区风速减小,重污染气象条件下广州小风区面积约增加2 8% ,佛山约增加45 2 % ,轻污染气象条件下增加较小;重污染气象条件时广州和佛山二氧化硫浓度一般大于45 μg·m- 3,城市群的发展使污染物扩散范围变小,对本地贡献率增大,对其它地区的贡献率减小;地区间氮氧化物和二氧化硫的输送基本量级为10 0 t·d- 1 到数10 1 t·d- 1 ,城市群的发展使污染物不易向外输送,在重污染气象条件时广州二氧化硫输出量由5 1 3 7t·d- 1 减小为42 81t·d- 1 .     

Supplier evaluation and selection for sustainable supply chain management under uncertainty conditions

Abstract

With the global increasing importance of sustainable development, sustainable supply chain has gained value among both researchers and industrialists in the last decade. Nowadays, industries are facing pressure from government legislation and the global competition in addition to the pressure from their clients to carry out environmentally – conscious actions. Thus, organisations are required to implement actions to enhance their level of both environmental and economic performances. Traditionally, organisations use criteria such as cost, quality and on-time delivery to evaluate their suppliers’ performance. Although there have been numerous studies on the common criteria for these assessments, very few studies have taken sustainable criteria into consideration. Thereupon, this study tries to put forward a complete model for selection and evaluation of the suppliers, considering three criteria for sustainability, thus using the fuzzy group graph theory and matrix approach. It is an innovative approach based on fuzzy logic and group decision-making, which aims to treat lack of certainty in selection and evaluation of suppliers. We will also discuss a case study in the industry to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.     

Material flow and industrial demand for palladium in Korea

Material flow analysis (MFA) requires the use of reliable data. In intermediate or the end industries that lack field survey data or actual statistical data, the integrated material flow analysis methodology uses bottom–up flow analysis for primary and secondary resources, and top–down flow analysis for the distribution structure. By combining the advantages of the top–down and bottom–up methods, the Integrated Material flow Analysis Methodology (IMFAM) can overcome the limitations of each methodology. Using the IMFAM, this study surveyed the material flow of palladium, and a platinoid element used in Korea. Palladium is produced as a byproduct in the copper refining process in Korea, and about 80% of used palladium as a three-way catalyst (TWC), i.e., an exhaust gas purifying system for automobiles. As automobile production in Korea is expected to continually increase, the usage of palladium is also expected to increase. Moreover, the increase in the use of printed circuit board (PCB) plating solutions is expected to further increase the use of palladium.This MFA results well represent the flow of palladium in Korea and give a strategy to secure palladium steadily.     

企业班组安全生产管理新模式研究

为提高企业班组安全管理效率和水平,本文在对电力、矿山、化工、钢铁冶炼等行业企业的班组安全管理现状进行调研的基础上,提出我国代表性班组安全管理模型存在的问题;基于实践和研究,从核心思想、工作理念、工作原则、安全生产目标指标与责任制系统建设、基础保障5大方面阐释班组安全管理新模式,并应用于实践。研究表明:班组安全生产管理的新模式可以全方位、全层次有效提升班组安全管理的水平,更具有系统性和有效性。     

Promoting group potency in project teams: The importance of group identification

We examined the antecedents and consequences of group potency in 71 multinational project teams in the Greater China region. We extended the theoretical basis of group potency by employing group identification theory. Results showed that group identification was one of the key factors in developing group potency. Further, fostering the acceptance of group goals that are interdependent was important for increasing group identification. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Removal of natural organic matter by cationic hydrogel with magnetic properties

Magnetic cationic hydrogel (MCH) was synthesized, and its removal efficiency and mechanisms in regard to natural organic matter (NOM, represented by humic acid and fulvic acid) from the aqueous environment were studied. The effects of time, adsorbent dosage, initial pH, ionic strength, background ions, and NOM types were also investigated. MCH was characterized and found to have a strong magnetic character, yielding an extra advantage for recycling and reuse. Batch studies showed that the removal of Aldrich humic acid (AHA) by MCH was effective. The main mechanism for the removal of NOM is believed to be due to electrostatic interaction. NOM with larger molecular weight tended to be preferentially removed. Solutions with low pH, high ionic strength, and background electrolytes containing calcium, sulfate and bicarbonate were unfavorable for AHA removal. The adsorption-desorption of MCH was evaluated in three cycles, and demonstrated high regeneration rates.     

驾驶员感知特性对隧道群交通安全的影响

针对高速公路隧道群对驾驶员感知特性的影响,以驾驶员的感知特性与高速公路隧道群行车安全的关系为研究对象,采用速度估计测试仪和深度知觉测试仪,在"铜汤高速-安徽段"沿线对高速公路隧道群行车途中的160名驾驶员进行实地测试,所得数据进行t检验和方差分析,用灰色建模软件V2.1进行关联度分析。结果表明:驾驶员的速度估计特性与高速公路隧道群驾驶员的年龄、驾龄以及连续行车时间具有较强的相关性,其中连续驾车时间的影响最大。年龄对驾驶员深度知觉准确性无显著影响;驾龄、连续行车时间对驾驶员的深视力准确性有显著影响。     

小江流域滑坡对土地利用的敏感性

土地利用是人类活动与自然交叉最紧密的领域,不合理的土地利用方式对滑坡和泥石流等山地灾害具有明显的促进作用。选择小江流域为研究区,通过定量分析不同立地类型组中土地利用方式对滑坡的敏感性,发现易致灾的土地利用方式有:高海拔立地类型组中的旱地、密林地、疏林地、中盖度的草地、未利用地,中海拔立地类型组中的旱地、工矿交通用地、未利用地、中盖度的草地,低海拔立地类型组中的疏林地、高/中盖度草地、未利用地,它们的敏感性值均等于或大于0.5,易导致滑坡灾害的发生。并以敏感性值为依据进行了敏感性分区,可为流域土地利用方式选取、水土保持工程布局和山地灾害生物工程治理提供参考。     

环境群体性事件的成因分析——基于对十起典型环境群体性事件的研究

通过对近5年来10起典型的环境群体性事件进行分析,旨在发现不同阶段引发环境群体性事件的原因,从而预防和解决环境群体性事件的发生,为人们营造一个和谐稳定的生活和工作环境。     

Classification of multiple types of organic carbon composition in atmospheric particles by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy analysis

A scanning transmission X-ray microscope at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is used to measure organic functional group abundance and morphology of atmospheric aerosols. We present a summary of spectra, sizes, and shapes observed in 595 particles that were collected and analyzed between 2000 and 2006. These particles ranged between 0.1 and 12 μm and represent aerosols found in a large range of geographical areas, altitudes, and times. They include samples from seven different field campaigns: PELTI, ACE-ASIA, DYCOMS II, Princeton, MILAGRO (urban), MILAGRO (C-130), and INTEX-B. At least 14 different classes of organic particles show different types of spectroscopic signatures. Different particle types are found within the same region while the same particle types are also found in different geographical domains. Particles chemically resembling black carbon, humic-like aerosols, pine ultisol, and secondary or processed aerosol have been identified from functional group abundance and comparison of spectra with those published in the literature.