A spatial-temporal system for dynamic cadastral management

A practical spatio-temporal database (STDB) technique for dynamic urban land management is presented. One of the STDB models, the expanded model of Base State with Amendments (BSA), is selected as the basis for developing the dynamic cadastral management technique. Two approaches, the Section Fast Indexing (SFI) and the Storage Factors of Variable Granularity (SFVG), are used to improve the efficiency of the BSA model. Both spatial graphic data and attribute data, through a succinct engine, are stored in standard relational database management systems (RDBMS) for the actual implementation of the BSA model. The spatio-temporal database is divided into three interdependent sub-databases: present DB, history DB and the procedures-tracing DB. The efficiency of database operation is improved by the database connection in the bottom layer of the Microsoft SQL Server. The spatio-temporal system can be provided at a low-cost while satisfying the basic needs of urban land management in China. The approaches presented in this paper may also be of significance to countries where land patterns change frequently or to agencies where financial resources are limited.     

Surfer软件和AutoCAD在污染场地调查及风险评估中的应用

在场地调查和风险评估报告中需要描述污染物分布和确定土壤修复区域和范围,目前对此无统一的技术要求,不同案例使用的技术方法不同。今提出将 Surfer软件和 AutoCAD结合使用生成等值线图件,以及据此确定污染土壤修复范围的方法,并基于某搬迁化工厂初步土壤调查及风险评估的案例介绍了操作步骤。旨在介绍2个专业软件联用的新功能的开发和使用技巧,为编制场地调查和风险评估报告提供一种便捷、易操作的工作方法。     

Mathematical approaches to the analysis of the spatial-age structures of tussock herb species

Some up-to-date methods of analysis of the spatial and age structures of populations, including local population density maps and Ripley’s functions, are described using 20 cenopopulations (CPs) of Adonis vernalis L. as an example. Pregenerative plants have been found to be the most contagious, irrespective of climatic and phytocenotic conditions and land use type. The spatial distribution pattern and structure of A. vernalis are mainly determined by generative plants forming a tussock, irrespective of the climate and vegetation type. This is explained by higher competitiveness of generative plants, which results in a reduced vegetation density at small distances from them (25–50 cm). Within wider areas, plant distribution may be random due to uniformity of local conditions in microhabitats. The formation of distinct plant aggregations is accounted for by insufficient water supply and the intensity and type of anthropogenic impact.     

大气环境及腐蚀性

根据近年来国内外对大气环境和腐蚀性的研究成果．描述了大气环境及腐蚀性的研究状况,介绍了国际标准化组织的分类分级标准和我国大气环境的腐蚀性的分类分级的探讨性研究以及大气腐蚀图的研究。     

全国大气润湿时间分布分析软件开发

软件以小方块在地图上标注全国195个地区的实际位置,按ISO 9223标准对各地区的年润湿时间进行分级,并以不同的颜色对应不同的等级。使用软件可查询1991年至2000年全国195个地区大气润湿时间的分布状况;不同临界相对湿度的润湿时间;各年润湿时间的变化规律情况,包括10年润湿时间的平均值和标准差;年润湿时间在各温度段所占的比例。     

Creating affordable Internet map server applications for regional scale applications

This paper presents an overview and process for developing an Internet Map Server (IMS) application for a local volunteer watershed group using an Internal Internet Map Server (IIMS) strategy. The paper illustrates that modern GIS architectures utilizing an internal Internet map server coupled with a spatial SQL command language allow for rapid development of IMS applications. The implication of this approach means that powerful IMS applications can be rapidly and affordably developed for volunteer organizations that lack significant funds or a full time information technology staff.     

基于知识图谱的应急管理研究态势分析

为直观展现国际范围内应急管理的研究态势,以2001—2011年间SSCI数据库中相关文献和数据为基础,运用Cite SpaceⅡ软件绘制应急管理研究领域的知识图谱。通过知识图谱可视化分析,展示国际应急管理领域主要研究力量的分布,应急管理研究的起源与知识基础,其学科领域和前沿的基本态势。研究结果表明,应急管理已成为研究热点,主要力量集中在欧美发达国家。相关研究起源于医疗卫生领域,目前研究内容延伸到自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件与社会安全事件等诸多领域。研究前沿问题集中在"恐怖主义"、"实时生产监控"、"突发事件"、"应急响应"、"应急护理"等方面。     

Using MCDA and GIS for hazardous waste landfill siting considering land scarcity for waste disposal

The main aim of this study was to develop a procedure that minimizes the wasting of space for the siting of hazardous waste landfills as part of a solid waste management system. We wanted to tackle the shortage of land for waste disposal that is a serious and growing problem in most large urban regions. The procedure combines a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach with a geographical information system (GIS). The GIS was utilised to obtain an initial screening in order to eliminate unsuitable areas, whereas the MCDA was developed to select the most suitable sites. The novelty of the proposed siting procedure is the introduction of a new screening phase before the macro-siting step aimed at producing a “land use map of potentially suitable areas” for the siting of solid waste facilities which simultaneously takes into consideration all plant types. The issue of obtaining sites evaluations of a specific facility was coupled with the issue of not wasting land appropriate to facilitate other types of waste management options. In the developed case study, the use of an innovative criteria weighting tool (the “Priority Scale”) in combination with the Analytic Hierarchy Process was useful to easier define the priorities of the evaluation criteria in comparison with other classic methods such as the Paired Comparison Technique in combination with the Simple Additive Weighting method.     

A systematic survey of the integration of animal behavior into conservation

The role of behavioral ecology in improving wildlife conservation and management has been the subject of much recent debate. We sought to answer 2 foundational questions about the current use of behavioral knowledge in conservation: To what extent is behavioral knowledge used in wildlife conservation and management, and how does the use of animal behavior differ among conservation fields in both frequency and types of use? We searched the literature for intersections between key fields of animal behavior and conservation and created a systematic heat map (i.e., graphical representation of data where values are represented as colors) to visualize relative efforts. Some behaviors, such as dispersal and foraging, were commonly considered (mean [SE] of 1147.38 [353.11] and 439.44 [108.85] papers per cell, respectively). In contrast, other behaviors, such as learning, social, and antipredatory behaviors were rarely considered (mean [SE] of 33.88 [7.62], 44.81 [10.65], and 22.69 [6.37] papers per cell, respectively). In many cases, awareness of the importance of behavior did not translate into applicable management tools. Our results challenge previous suggestions that there is little association between the fields of behavioral ecology and conservation and reveals tremendous variation in the use of different behaviors in conservation. We recommend that researchers focus on examining underutilized intersections of behavior and conservation themes for which preliminary work shows a potential for improving conservation and management, translating behavioral theory into applicable and testable predictions, and creating systematic reviews to summarize the behavioral evidence within the behavior‐conservation intersections for which many studies exist.     

Detection of small leakage from long transportation pipeline with complex noise

In the long distance pipeline remote monitoring system, small leak detection becomes an important issue. Weak singularities in small leak signals are usually difficult to detect precisely under complicated noise background, which may cause false alarm or miss alarm. The advantage of applying the harmonic wavelet method is explored in this paper. Pipeline small leak sensitive characteristics are recognized and the negative pressure wave inflexions are extracted by harmonic wavelet analysis, expressed in terms of harmonic wavelet time-frequency mesh map, time-frequency contour map, and time-frequency profile plot. This paper also presents a comparative study of both Daubechies wavelet and harmonic wavelet analysis when applied to pipeline small leak detection under complicated background noises. Results of simulating test and field experiment show that it is possible to distinguish weak non-stationarities from complicated noises by harmonic wavelet analysis in pipeline small leak detection system. The comparison clearly illustrates that harmonic wavelet based pipeline small leakage detection method is significantly more accurate than other wavelets analysis such as Daubechies wavelet. This work provides a reliable and safe guarantee for oil and gas long distance transportation, reducing petroleum product losses and protecting surrounding environment.