A data-driven narratives skeleton pattern recognition from accident reports dataset for human-and-organizational-factors analysis

Accidents in the process industry involve several interacting factors, including human and organizational factors (HOFs). A long-standing obstacle to HOFs analysis is lack of data. Accident reports are an essential data source to learn from the past and contain HOFs-related data, but they are usually unstructured text in a not standardized format. Some studies have explored the extraction of information automatically from accident reports based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. However, they were not dedicated to HOFs. Risk communication is considered an essential pillar in safety and risk science. This research develops a HOFs-focused risk communication framework based on the NLP techniques that can support risk assessment and mitigation. The proposed approach automatically extracts the target groups oriented “Who, When, Where, Why” (4Ws) information from accident reports.This framework was applied to explore the eMARS database. The results show that the “4Ws” skeleton of narratives has appreciated performance in pattern recognition and holistic information analysis. The graphical representation interfaces are designed to display the features of HOFs-related accidents, which can better be communicated to the sharp-end operators and decision-makers.     

Simulation of scenario characteristics of LPG tank explosion accident and its contribution to emergency planning: A case study

Leakage and explosion of hazardous chemicals during road transportation can cause serious building damage and casualties, and adoption of highly-efficient emergency rescue measures plays a critical role in reducing accidental hazards. Considering a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) transport tanker explosion accident that occurred in Wenling, Zhejiang Province, China on June 13, 2020 as example, this study proposes a risk assessment framework. This framework recreates the leakage and explosion of the accident process using FLACS v10.9, suggests plans for evacuation, describes the rescue areas of different levels, and explores the influence of environmental factors on the evacuation and rescue areas. The results show that simulated and predicted distributions of fuel vapour cloud concentration and explosion overpressure can provide a reference basis for rapid rescue activities; the characterization of the dynamic effects of wind speed, wind direction, and temperature with respect to the evacuation and rescue areas can be used as theoretical support for on-site adjustment of rescue forces. The role of obstacles can prevent the expansion of the evacuation areas under low wind-speed conditions, and the presence of highly congested obstacles determines the level of the rescue area. The results obtained are important for the risk analysis and the development of emergency rescue measures in case of explosion accidents associated with transportation of hazardous chemicals on high-hazard and high-sensitive road sections.     

城市可持续发展环境经济评价及案例

基于城市发展测度演变的分析、明确真实储蓄作为城市可持续发展综合评价指标的经济学含义和政策意义：并针对世界银行在地区真实储蓄测算方法上的不足,重点探讨在真实储蓄测算中如何考虑城市开放性、资源折旧、环境污染损失评估计算的界定问题。文中还以烟台市为试点城市,利用真实储蓄及相关指标评价了该市不同发展时期的可持续发展水平。     

稻田土壤砷、镉复合污染阻控技术研究进展

砷（As）和镉（Cd）是稻田土壤中最常见的有毒有害重金属元素,且易从土壤迁移到水稻籽粒中.目前,我国稻田土壤中As和Cd及其复合污染现象普遍,对粮食安全和人体健康均构成了严重威胁.As和Cd在土壤中的环境行为相反,对As-Cd复合污染的同步治理是当前水稻安全生产的关键技术难点.通过综述近年来同步阻控水稻对As和Cd吸收以及转运的若干实用技术,包括水分管理、钝化技术、淋洗技术、电动修复技术、植物修复技术、低累积水稻品种的选取以及叶面阻控技术,归纳并分析了各种技术的处理效果、作用机制和制约因素,提出了主要阻控技术的发展方向,指出构建区域高适配性综合技术模式的重要性,以期为稻田As-Cd复合污染治理和水稻安全生产提供参考.     

提高污泥碱性发酵挥发酸积累的新方法

为了加大剩余污泥在碱性条件下的水解酸化程度,本研究尝试了两种新的能促进污泥碱性发酵产酸的方式,分别是向批式的污泥碱性发酵系统中投加未灭菌发酵污泥和投加灭菌发酵污泥,结合温度的影响(10℃和35℃)分别考察了这两种方式对污泥水解酸化效果的影响.结果表明,中温有利于水解酶和产酸菌作用的发挥,增大了污泥的水解酸化程度,体系内有明显的挥发酸(VFAs)积累.35℃条件下,两种方式都在很大程度上促进了新鲜污泥的水解酸化程度,经灭菌后的发酵污泥的投加较等量的未灭菌的发酵污泥的投加效果更为显著.前者的水解速率是后者的2倍,发酵末期酸积累量为后者的1.5倍,且前者在较长的发酵时间内VFAs含量维持恒定.分析两种方式能促进污泥水解酸化的原因得到:未灭菌发酵污泥的投加是向系统中引入了一定量的产酸菌,灭菌发酵污泥的投加引入了大量的较易水解的有机底物.水解产物的增加能在更大程度上影响产酸的效果.因此,中温条件下向污泥碱性发酵系统中投加经灭菌处理后的发酵污泥是提高剩余污泥发酵产酸量更为有效的方式.     

对加快推进我国矿山生态修复的思考

绿色矿山建设是矿业领域践行"绿水青山就是金山银山"的重要体现。本文从矿山生态修复的内涵到外延，从问题识别到任务措施，从单一治理修复目标到生态系统功能修复目标，从矿山生态修复系统到与经济社会发展系统相结合等多个方面，系统地梳理矿山生态修复的解决路径，围绕矿业绿色发展提出一系列建议。     

氮和氧同位素示踪伊洛河河水硝酸盐来源及转化过程

河流硝酸盐(NO^-₃)浓度及氮和氧同位素组成(δ¹⁵N-NO^-₃和δ¹⁸O-NO^-₃)可以辨识河水NO^-₃受自然过程和人为输入的影响,但流域不同土地利用方式对河水NO^-₃来源及转化过程的影响尚不明确,特别是山区人为输入对河水NO^-₃的影响仍不清楚.选择土地利用空间异质性显著的伊河和洛河作为研究对象,借助水体水化学组成,氢氧同位素(δD-H₂O和δ¹⁸O-H₂O)、δ¹⁵N-NO^-₃和δ¹⁸O-NO^-₃,辨识不同土地利用方式影响下河水NO^-₃来源及...     

Development of analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in airborne particulates： A review

In the present work, the different sample collection, pretreatment and analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in airborne particulates is systematacially reviewed, and the applications of these pretreatment and analytical methods for PAHs are compared in detail. Some comments on the future expectation are also presented.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, photodegradation kinetics and photocatalytic activity of novel photocatalyst ZnBiYO4

ZnBiYO₄ was synthesized by a solid-state reaction method for the first time. The structural and photocatalytic properties of ZnBiYO₄ were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance. ZnBiYO₄ crystallized with a tetragonal spinel structure with space group I41/A. The lattice parameters for ZnBiYO₄ were a = b = 11.176479 Å and c= 10.014323 Å. The band gap of ZnBiYO₄ was estimated to be 1.58 eV. The photocatalytic activity of ZnBiYO₄ was assessed by photodegradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The results showed that ZnBiYO₄ had higher catalytic activity compared with N-doped TiO₂ under the same experimental conditions using visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange with ZnBiYO₄ or N-doped TiO₂ as catalyst followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the first-order rate constant was 0.01575 and 0.00416 min^-1 for ZnBiYO₄ and N-doped TiO₂, respectively. After visible light irradiation for 220 min with ZnBiYO₄ as catalyst, complete removal and mineralization of methyl orange were observed. The reduction of total organic carbon, formation of inorganic products, SO₄^2- and NO₃^-, and evolution of CO₂ revealed the continuous mineralization of methyl orange during the photocatalytic process. The intermediate products were identified using liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry. The ZnBiYO₄/(visible light) photocatalysis system was found to be suitable for textile industry wastewater treatment and could be used to solve other environmental chemical pollution problems.     

城郊农业区小流域土地利用结构对氮素输出的影响

以位于湖南省长沙市城郊农业区的金脱河流域为研究区域,通过解译2009年的Spot-5卫星遥感图获取了小流域的土地利用图;结合流域的DEM图,利用ArcGIS 9.3的水文、空间分析模块将流域划分为若干个子流域,分析各子流域的土地利用结构.从2009年12月～2010年11月在各子流域出口处采取水样,分析其TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N输出浓度、输出量的时空变化特征以及与土地利用结构、施肥等因素之间的关系.结果表明,流域径流氮素污染严重,其TN、NH4+-N输出浓度呈明显的季节变化特征,为冬季>春季>夏、秋季,而NO3--N的输出浓度的季节差异较小.流域内的土地利用结构对NO3--N的输出浓度起着重要的控制作用,林地、水面表现为源作用,水田、旱地、居民地为汇作用;不同的时间尺度上土地利用结构对其影响不同,年度尺度上对NO3--N输出影响最大的为旱地,春夏季为林地,秋冬季为旱地.TN、NH4+-N的输出浓度与土地利用结构的相关性较差,各形态氮素的输出量与纯氮施用量、人口数、养猪量表现为极显著正相关.