Differences of cadmium absorption and accumulation in selected vegetable crops

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣａｄｍｉｕｍｉｓｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌｌｙｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｅｄｉｎｎａｔｕｒａｌａｎｄａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｖａｒｉｏｕｓａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ,ｍｉｎｉｎｇａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｅｘｈａｕｓｔｇａｓｅｓｏｆａｕｔｏｍｏｂｉｌｅｓ(Ｄａｓ,1 997) .Ｔｈｉｓｔｒａｃｅｍｅｔａｌｉｓｔｈｅｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔａｎｄｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｔｏｘｉｎｔｈａｔｈａｓｕｎｋｎｏｗｎｆ…     

贵阳市大气铅镉镍污染现状初探

通过对大流量 2 4h连续采样的总悬浮微粒滤膜进行Pb、Cd、Ni金属元素浓度值测试分析 ,初步摸清了贵阳市大气总悬浮微粒中这三种金属元素的浓度范围、污染现状及形成原因。     

超富集植物藿香蓟(Ageratum conyzoides L.)对镉污染农田的修复潜力

为探究超富集植物藿香蓟(Ageratum conyzoides L.)对镉(Cd)污染农田土壤的修复潜力,通过野外调查,原土盆栽试验和田间试验,测定藿香蓟及其根系土壤Cd含量,计算藿香蓟的富集系数和去除率.结果表明,野外调查中不同铅锌矿区生长的藿香蓟叶片中Cd含量最大值为77. 01 mg·kg~(-1),盆栽试验中,高含量Cd土壤处理(T2)中,地上部Cd积累量达到69. 71mg·kg~(-1),其地上部Cd富集系数为6. 09,在低含量Cd土壤处理(T1)中,藿香蓟对Cd的富集特性与其在高含量条件下对Cd的富集特性一致.藿香蓟对Cd表现出稳定的积累特性.田间试验中,污染区藿香蓟中地上部Cd含量均值为21. 13 mg·kg~(-1),富集系数为6. 93,使用藿香蓟修复Cd污染土壤每亩地种植三茬藿香蓟的去除率为13. 2%～15. 6%.使用超富集植物藿香蓟修复农田Cd污染具有较好的工程应用前景.     

钙稳态失调与镉肝细胞毒性关系的研究

分别从细胞外钙对镉肝细胞毒性的影响.细胞内总钙和游离钙含量变化以及钙移位酶活力的变化等方面探讨了镉对肝细胞的毒性与细胞内钙稳态失调的关系.结果表明:镉对大鼠游离肝细胞的毒作用并非由于引起细胞外钙内流所致,也不是由于干扰了细胞内钙隔离系统功能所致.     

Cadmium status in Egypt

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣａｄｍｉｕｍｉｓａｃｏｍｍｏｎｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ,ｗｈｅｒｅｉｔｏｃｃｕｒｓｉｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｆｏｒｍｓ.ＣａｄｍｉｕｍｉｓｎｏｔｄｅｓｔｒｏｙｅｄｂｙａｎｙｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓａｎｄＣｄｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｗｉｌｌｒｅｍａｉｎｔｈｅｒｅ .Ｉｔｍａｙｍｏｖｅｆｒｏｍｏｎｅｃｏｍｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｔｏａｎｏｔｈｅｒ,ｂｕｔｗｉｔｈｖａｒｙｉｎ…     

外秦淮河生态护坡挺水植物适应性试验研究

针对外秦淮河的污染状况，采用挺水植物菖蒲和狭叶香蒲进行试验，对外秦淮河的污染水质进行净化；同时进行两种挺水植物在外秦淮河当前水质下的耐淹没性试验。通过试验研究得出，在深秋季节，虽然菖蒲和狭叶香蒲两种植物已经处于生长周期的最后阶段，但是对外秦淮河污染水质仍然有较好的净化效果，对TP、TN、氨氮等的去除率能达到80％以上，对CODMn的去除率偏低。而且通过净化和耐淹试验中两种植物的对比．菖蒲比狭叶香蒲更能适应外秦淮河的水质状况。     

镉与天然固体表面络合物的条件稳定常数

本文研究天然固体、伊利土和湘江悬浮沉积物从水中吸附极低浓度(ppb级)的镉时吸附量随pH的变化;同时研究不同pH值时的吸附等温线。根据简单的表面络合模式,利用线性关系及其分配系数,求取不同pH值时的天然固体与镉形成的表面络合物的条件稳定常数。条件稳定常数随pH值的上升,分为两个区域而呈线性增长。据此求得表面络合反应的条件络合常数。镉与伊利土和湘江悬浮沉积物的表面络合物条件稳定常数分别为3.0—1.8×10~2和0.8—2.5×10~2(pH5.0—8.5).低pH区伊利土和湘江悬浮沉积物吸附镉的条件络合常数分别为3.3×10~(-2)和2.8×10~(-2),高pH区二者的络合常数分别为5.6×10~(-5)和8.5×10~(-8)。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中的镉

采用微波消解系统处理土壤样品,可以大大减少消化试剂的用量及样品的处理时间.石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中的镉,以磷酸氢二铵和硝酸镁作混合基体改进剂,可提高灰化温度,消除基体干扰.方法简便、快速,准确度高.镉的测定结果相对标准偏差为2.1%～4.5%;检出限为0.007mg/kg.     

一种新型环境矿物材料在废水治理中的应用研究 --磷矿石去除水溶液中铅离子和镉离子的对比研究

采用天然磷矿石及其改性产品对水溶液中铅离子和镉离子的去除进行了对比研究.天然磷矿石能够有效地去除水溶性铅离子和镉离子,在强酸介质条件下对铅离子的去除效果最好,而对于镉离子,在弱酸或中性的介质中去除效果达到最佳;改性后的磷矿石能够在广泛的pH值范围内对铅离子具有良好的去除作用,显著地提高了对铅离子的去除能力,但是对镉离子的去除没有明显的改善;最后指出,磷矿石对铅离子和镉离子去除差异的根本原因是其对铅离子和镉离子去除机理的不同.     

Second german heavy-metal survey by means of mosses,and comparison of the first and second approach in germany and other european countries

This paper shows the geographic distribution in Germany of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) analyzed in mosses in 1995/96 and compares it with the results of the 1990/91 pilot study within a European moss-monitoring programme. Other elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ti, V, Zn) are compared on basis of the overall element medians for Germany of the 1990/91 and 1995/96 survey. Samples of Pleurozium schreberi, Scleropodium purum, Hypnum cupressiforme and Hylocomium splendens were taken at a total of 1026 sites. In the 1995/96 monitoring campaign, 95% of the original sites of the 1990/91 study were resampled. The results from 1995/96 display local elevated values and many cases of areas affected by known sources of heavy-metal emissions. The industrialized and urban regions of Germany are shown up clearly by the 1995/96 moss-monitoring results: the Ruhr area, parts of Saarland and Baden-Württemberg, as well as areas in eastern Germany. Relatively low values for many elements were found in large areas of Lower Saxony and Bavaria. A comparison of the results of the 1990/91 and 1995/96 moss-monitoring programmes shows a fall in the concentration of the presented elements (except cadmium, copper and zinc) over the relevant period. Especially in the former GDR, chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V) decreased significantly. This is, firstly, a reflection of the closure of and/or technological improvements to large power plants; secondly it is due to the fact that lignite has given way to other fuels. Vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni), typical constituents of crude oil, also show a decrease in the western part and thus document changes in the type of fuel consumed. The significant fall in lead concentration in 1995/96 as compared to 1990/91 in what used to be East and West Germany probably results from the increasing use of lead-free petrol. A comparison of the median values for 1990/91 and 1995/96 in mosses to the rate of emission of heavy metals in Germany for 1990 and 1995 shows similar trends in the case of elements such as arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). The comparison of the medians of the elements analyzed for 19 European countries indicates for most of the elements a general tendency to lower values in 1995, except for Lithuania, Netherlands, Portugal, Italy and United Kingdom.