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排序方式: 共有1446条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
Yiming Yang Zhongren Nan Zhuanjun Zhao Shengli Wang Zhaowei Wang Xia Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(2):275-281
A pot experiment was conducted to study the relationship between distribution of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) and their availability
to cole (Brassica campestris L.) grown in the multi-metal contaminated oasis soil in northwest of China. The results showed that Cd
and Zn in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly found in the residual fractionation, however, with increasing contents of Cd and Zn in the
oasis soil, the distribution of Cd and Zn changed significantly. The growth of cole could be promoted by low Cd and Zn concentration,
but significantly restrained by high concentrations. There was antagonistic e ect among Cd and Zn in the multi-metals contaminated
oasis soil. Stepwise regression analysis between fractionations distribution coe cients of the two meals in the soil and their contents in
cole showed that both Cd and Zn in the exchangeable fractionation in the oasis soil made the most contribution on the uptake of Cd and
Zn in cole. The bio-concentration factor (BCF) of Cd was greater than Zn in cole, and BCFs of the two metals in leaves were greater
than those in roots. The translocation factors of the two metals in cole were greater than 1, and the two metals mainly accumulated
in the edible parts in cole. Therefore, cole is not a suitable vegetable for the oasis soil because of the plants notable contamination by
heavy metals. 相似文献
992.
The mechanism of Cd(II) uptake by the dead biomass of macrofungus Pleurotus platypus was investigated using di erent chemical
and instrumental techniques. Sequential removal of cell wall components of the biosorbent revealed that structural polysaccharides
play a predominant role in the biosorption of Cd(II). The adsorption kinetics fitted well with the pseudo second-order model suggested
that the adsorption of Cd(II) on P. platypus involved a chemisorption process. Transmission electron microscopy of the cadmium
exposed biomass confirmed the deposition of the metal mainly in the cell wall. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of
the metal loaded biosorbent confirmed the participation of –OH, –NH and C–O–C groups in the uptake of Cd(II). Energy dispersive
X-ray analysis of the biosorbent before and after metal uptake revealed that the main mechanism of adsorption was ion-exchange. The
e ectiveness of CaCl2 in the desorption of cadmium perhaps suggested the exchange of Ca2+ with Cd(II). 相似文献
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996.
分别采用氢化物原子荧光法和石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中痕量镉的含量,在选定的最佳条件下,比较两种方法测定镉元素的优劣。实验结果表明,两种方法都具有较高的准确度和精密度,无显著性差异。 相似文献
997.
单轴拉伸条件下先进增强结构力学性能研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的研究单轴拉伸条件下先进增强结构的力学性能。方法开展先进增强结构以0.02 mm/s匀速加载至20 000 N的静力拉伸实验,采用应变检测方法获取先进增强结构复合材料结构和金属基体结构的应力应变分布特点,研究先进增强结构对金属基体应力水平的降低程度。结果在确保先进增强结构完好的情况下,先进增强结构能大幅度降低金属基体结构的应力水平,降低程度约为85%。结论按照飞机高应力区结构特点和载荷分布特点,合理布置先进增强结构,能增加局部区域的传递路径,减小局部区域的应力水平,提高该区域的疲劳和损伤容限性能。 相似文献
998.
XIAO Xiyuan CHEN Tongbin AN Zhizhuang LEI Mei HUANG Zechun LIAO Xiaoyong LIU Yingru 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2008,20(1):62-67
Field investigation and greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the tolerance of Pteris vittata L. (Chinese brake) to cadmium (Cd) and its feasibility for remediating sites co-contaminated with Cd and arsenic (As). The results showed that P. vittata could survive in pot soils spiked with 80 mg/kg of Cd and tolerated as great as 301 mg/kg of total Cd and 26.8 mg/kg of diethyltriaminepenta acetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd under field conditions. The highest concentration of Cd in fronds was 186 mg/kg under a total soil concentration of 920 mg As/kg and 98.6 mg Cd/kg in the field, whereas just 2.6 mg/kg under greenhouse conditions. Ecotypes of P. vittata were differentiated in tolerance and accumulation of Cd, and some of them could not only tolerate high concentrations of soil Cd, but also accumulated high concentrations of Cd in their fronds. Arsenic uptake and transportation by P. vittata was not inhibited at lower levels (〈20 mg/kg) of Cd addition. Compared to the treatment without addition of Cd, the frond As concentration was increased by 103.8% at 20 mg Cd/kg, with the highest level of 6434 mg/kg. The results suggested that the Cd-tolerant ecotype of P. vittata extracted effectively As and Cd from the site co-contaminated with Cd and As, and might be used to remediate and revegetate this type of site. 相似文献
999.
Phytotoxicity of cadmium on growing Arachis hypogaea L. seedlings was studied. Seeds were exposed to 25, 50, and 100 μmol/L CdCl2 concentrations, for a period of 10, 15, 20 and 25 d. The extent of damage to chlorophyll, protein, proline, nitrate and nitrite reductase, antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves and roots were evaluated after 10 d of cadmium stress. The higher concentration of cadmium (100 μmol/L) resulted (leaves and roots) total chlorophyll 91.01%, protein 79.51%, 83.61%, nitrate reductase 79.39%, 80.72% and nitrite reductase 77.07%, 75.88% activity decreased with increase in cadmium concentrations and exposure periods. Cadmium caused significant changes in the activity of antioxidative enzymes. Contrastingly Cd treated plant tissues showed an increase in proline 159.87%, 239.6%, gluthion reductase (GR) 337.72%, 306.14%, superoxide disumutase (SOD) 688.56%, 381.72%, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) 226.47%, 252.14%, peroxidase (POD) 72.19%, 60.29% and catalase (CAT) 228.96%, 214.74% as compared to control. Cadmium stress caused a significant increase in the rate of SOD activity in leaves and roots of plant species. Results show the crop A. hypogaea is highly sensitive even at very low cadmium concentrations. 相似文献
1000.
铜绿山矿冶废弃地优势植物重金属的积累与迁移 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过野外调查和取样分析,研究了大冶铜绿山矿冶废弃地鸭跖草等5种优势植物对重金属的吸收累积与迁移特性,以期为矿区退化生态系统的植被恢复、重金属污染土壤的治理等提供依据。结果表明,鸭跖草等5种植物对重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr都有程度不等的高量积累,尤其是铜元素,其最高积累量出现在海洲香薷根部,达到844.65 mg/kg,是一般植物Cu含量(5~25 mg/kg)的33.8~1689倍;而在同样条件下,As在5种植物体内的含量为018~098 mg/kg,远远低于As在一般植物中的含量(<10 mg/kg),这说明这些植物对As可能具有某种规避机制。从植物对重金属的吸收、富集和转运能力综合考虑,鸭跖草等5种植物都不太可能是重金属Cu等6种重金属的超累积植物。但是,它们对重金属所表现出的耐性无疑对矿冶废弃地的植被恢复过程有重要意义。 相似文献