姜黄素对宫颈癌淋巴转移动物模型干预效应研究

目的 研究姜黄素对IGF-1调控的宫颈癌淋巴转移动物模型的研究.方法 建立宫颈癌淋巴转移鸡胚尿囊膜（CAM）模型,并观察姜黄素对IGF-1调控的淋巴管生成的作用.结果 ①在健康受精的SPF鸡胚的CAM上接种不同浓度的Hela细胞悬液1×103/L～1×108/L存活率差异没有统计学意义.1×107/L为最适接种浓度.②移植瘤组织切片HE染色课件癌细胞聚集成癌巢,与人宫颈癌形态相似.免疫组化染色,可见移植瘤内有微淋巴管形成③对照组、IGF-1组、Cur组和IGF-1＋ Cur组的LMVD依次为21.28±10.13、28.58±12.26、16.23±8.76和18.23±9.36条/4HP,LVA依次为2.91±1.16、3.42±1.25、2.00±1.51和2.72±1.21％,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 在鸡胚人宫颈癌移植瘤模型中可观察到姜黄素对IGF-1调控的宫颈癌淋巴管生成的抑制作用.图3,表3,参9.     

福建省稻米中的砷水平及其健康风险研究

为更好了解区域水平上水稻(OryzasativaL.)砷所引起的健康风险,在福建省9个地区采集了206份水稻样品并对其总砷和无机砷含量进行了分析,然后在此基础上建立风险评价模型并对其健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,福建省水稻精米中总砷平均含量为(0.105±0.091)mg·kg-1,无机砷平均含量为(0.045±0.019)mg·kg-1。全省所有样品中无机砷含量符合中国国家标准规定的限量标准(MCL)0.15mg·kg-1。通过膳食调查的数据和水稻无机砷含量对每天通过稻米消费无机砷摄入量进行了计算,全省平均每天无机砷摄入量为13.50μg,并且9个地区每天无机砷摄入量均超过了美国国家研究委员会所规定的最大限量标准10μg·d-1。根据无机砷摄入量和癌症斜率因子所构建的癌症风险模型结果表明,福建省稻米无机砷所引起的癌症风险为每100000有37.5人,虽然低于中国的平均水平(每100000有61人),但是超过了美国国家环境保护局所规定的可以接受的癌症风险的上限(每100000人有10人)。因此,需要进一步通过流行病学方面的调查来确定福建省稻米无机砷摄入和健康风险之间的关系。     

北京某小学室内外VOC浓度及有毒害物种识别

采用美国EPA推荐的TO14/15方法定量分析了北京市某小学室内外夏季观测的空气样品,得到82种挥发性有机物（VOCs）的浓度水平及组成特征,对其中可能危害儿童健康的有毒有害物质进行了识别.结果表明,室内总VOCs浓度高于室外,烷烃是含量最丰富物种,平均占室内外空气中定量VOCs总浓度的32.8%.室内外VOCs组成相似,异戊烷、苯、甲苯、丙醛、丙烯和二氯甲烷为浓度优势物种,受到室外源的影响较大,室内的对二氯苯、环己烷及间二氯苯较为特征,前2种物质室内/室外浓度比例平均值分别为65.8和10.5,间二氯苯室内平均浓度为2.02×10^-9（体积分数）,而室外浓度低于检测限,这3种物质可能来自室内源. 1, 3-丁二烯、氯乙烯、苯和氯甲烷4种物质在学校室内、室外及儿童家中都超过1×10^-6的癌症风险值,平均风险值分别为1.3×10^-5、 6.4×10^-6、 5.1×10^-6和3.3×10^-6,小学室外、室内及儿童家中的累积癌症风险超过1×10^-6的癌症风险值24～39倍.丙烯醛未确认具有致癌性,但具有毒有害性,在室内外及儿童家中超过基准浓度13～72倍.     

非毒性剂量重金属锑通过改变细胞脂代谢促进前列腺癌进展

本文旨在检测健康人群与前列腺癌患者血清中重金属锑的含量,并对重金属锑在前列腺癌发生发展中的作用和相关机制进行初步探索。本实验使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对健康人群和前列腺癌患者血清中重金属锑的含量进行了检测;此外,分别通过MTT和Alamar-Blue方法对于重金属锑对人前列腺癌PC-3细胞的毒性效应进行了评价,并进一步探讨了非毒性剂量的重金属锑对前列腺癌细胞增殖能力(细胞计数及克隆形成实验)及脂类代谢过程(细胞内甘油三酯)的影响。研究结果显示:重金属锑在前列腺癌组患者血清中含量明显高于健康人群组且差异具有统计学意义;毒性实验结果表明高剂量的重金属锑能够显著抑制细胞活力且呈浓度依赖型方式,而非毒性剂量重金属锑能够显著促进前列腺癌细胞增殖,并导致细胞内甘油三酯的含量增加(P0.05)。综上所述,重金属锑在前列腺癌患者血清中具有相对较高水平,其机制可能是通过影响细胞脂类代谢从而促进前列腺癌的进展,这将对未来前列腺癌的预防和治疗提供一定的理论依据。     

福建省胃癌高发区环境地质、地球化学特征分析

采用多元统计方法,从福建省14个市、县的52个乡、镇、市区调查结果表明,胃癌死亡率以40/10万为界,分为胃癌高发区和中低发区,两者间地理分布差异明显。胃癌高发区位于中部沿海平原,地质背景以第四纪海积层为主,四周为中生代酸性－中酸性火山岩及花岗岩类侵入体。区内断裂构造发育。环境地球化学以缺乏铁、钴、镍、钒与异常富集的汞、金、钡为特征,其中,铁、钴的协同抑制胃癌高发区有明显的作用,金、汞协同诱发胃癌的作用值得进一步研究。     

ARSENIC POISONING IN BANGLADESH: A GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS1

ABSTRACT: Drinking of arsenic‐contaminated tubewell water has become a serious health threat in Bangladesh. Arsenic contaminated tubewells are believed to be responsible for poisoning nearly two‐thirds of this country's population. If proper actions are not taken immediately, many people in Bangladesh will die from arsenic poisoning in just a few years. Causes and consequences of arsenic poisoning, the extent of area affected by it, and local knowledge and beliefs about the arsenic problem — including solutions and international responses to the problem — are analyzed. Although no one knows precisely how the arsenic is released into the ground water, several contradictory theories exist to account for its release. Initial symptoms of the poisoning consist of a dryness and throat constriction, difficulty in swallowing, and acute epigastric pain. Long‐term exposure leads to skin, lung, or bladder cancer. Both government and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Bangladesh, foreign governments, and international agencies are now involved in mitigating the effects of the arsenic poisoning, as well as developing cost‐effective remedial measures that are affordable by the rural people.     

Genotoxicity at Low Level Dose of Inspirable Urban Ambient Air Particulate in a Semiarid Regime

Samples of inspirable air particulate(inhalable + ingestable) were obtained at two urbanlocations in southern Argentina which differ in theirexposure to pollution by class B2 polynuclear aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs). Sample extracts were tested in vitro for induction of chromosomal aberrations incultured rat hepatocytes. The average induced amountof chromosomal aberrations did not vary amonggeographic locations, but significant differences wereidentified in samples near known emitting sources. Thedifferences were analyzed in the frame of a model ofthe emissions and their subsequent distribution andre-suspension from the soil and other surfaces. Theresults show that the rat hepatocyte test is sensitiveto genotoxic activity of the urban air particulate inthe low dose range of the tested fractions. Adequatemodels of human exposure to these materials shouldconsider emissions and re-suspension of pollutants bywind. The implications of these results on theformulation of policies of emission reduction, urbansoil management and the design of cancer epidemiologystudies are discussed.     

甲醛致骨髓造血细胞遗传毒性研究展望

甲醛是我国目前最主要的室内空气污染物.相当一部分新装修的房屋室内甲醛浓度超过安全标准,室内甲醛污染已成为中国的环境污染公害.2004年6月15日世界卫生组织下属的国际癌症研究局确认甲醛是人类致癌物,然而甲醛是否能导致人类白血病?该公报指出:虽然有流行病学的证据,但是由于致病机制并不清楚,需要做进一步的研究,才能得出结论.问题的关键是:甲醛或其衍生成分经血液向骨髓转移的分子机制,以及这些成分在骨髓中对微环境组分的作用机制.     

Pesticide exposure and serum organochlorine residuals among testicular cancer patients and healthy controls

The incidence of testicular cancer (TC) has been increasing worldwide during the last decades. The reasons of the increase remains unknown, but recent findings suggest that organochlorine pesticides (OPs) could influence the development of TC. A hospital-based case-control study of 50 cases and 48 controls was conducted to determine whether environmental exposure to OPs is associated with the risk of TC, and by measuring serum concentrations of OPs, including p,p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p’-DDE) isomer and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in participants. A significant association was observed between TC and household insecticide use (odds ratio [OR] = 3.01, 95 % CI: 1.11-8.14; OR_adjusted = 3.23, 95 % CI: 1.15-9.11). Crude and adjusted ORs for TC were also significantly associated with higher serum concentrations of total OPs (OR = 3.15, 95 % CI: 1.00-9.91; OR_adjusted = 3.34, 95 % CI: 1.09-10.17) in cases compared with controls. These findings give additional support to the results of previous research that suggest that some environmental exposures to OPs may be implicated in the pathogenesis of TC.     

双酚-A和17β-雌二醇对人乳腺癌细胞生长的影响

通过MTT-细胞增殖活性测定法和双参数流式细胞光度术研究了双酚-A和17b-雌二醇对人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7增殖、细胞周期以及核酸和蛋白合成的影响.结果表明,在310^-16～310^-8mol/L范围内,双酚-A和17b-雌二醇都能促进细胞增殖;在310^-14mol/L时,细胞增殖活性达到最高值.当作用浓度为310^-14mol/L时,细胞周期的S期比例增加,细胞总蛋白表达量明显增加.统计结果表明,双酚-A和17b-雌二醇对MCF-7细胞生长特性的雌激素效应非常相似.