Determination of Alphacypermethrin in the Air by Capillary Gas Chromatography

A new method for sampling and chemical analysis of alphacypermethrin in workplace air has been described. Air samples were taken using a glass tube filled with silica gel with chemically bounded octadecyl phase. Chromatographic determinations were conducted using an HP-5 capillary column (10 m x 0.53 mm) and an electron-capture detector. Alphacypermethrin recovery was 100.15%. The calculated detection limit for a 60-L air sample was 0.0001 mg/m3.     

The effect of a biofilm on solute diffusion in fractured porous media

At sites in fractured rock where contamination has been exposed to the rock matrix for extended periods of time, the amount of contaminant mass residing in the matrix can be considerable. Even though it may be possible to diminish concentrations by the advection of clean water through the fracture features, back diffusion from mass held in the matrix will lead to a continuing source of contamination. In such an event, the development of a biofilm (a thin film of microbial mass) on the wall of the fractures may act to limit or prevent the back diffusion process. The objective of this preliminary study is to explore the influence imparted by the presence of a biofilm on the process of matrix diffusion. The investigation was conducted using radial diffusion cells constructed from rock core in which biofilm growth was stimulated in a central reservoir. Once biofilms were developed, forward diffusion experiments were conducted in which a conservative solute migrated from the central reservoir into the intact rock sample. Diffusion experiments were performed in a total of 11 diffusion cell pairs where biofilm growth was stimulated in one member of the pair and inhibited in the other. The effect of the presence of a biofilm on tracer diffusion was determined by comparison of the diffusion curves produced by each cell pair. A semi-analytical model that accounts for the presence of a biofilm was used to investigate the effect of the biofilm on mass transfer due to changes in the effective porosity, effective diffusion coefficient, and the depth of penetration of the biofilm into the intact rock. The results show that the biofilm acted to plug the rock matrix, rather than forming a discrete layer on the reservoir surface. The reduction in effective porosity due to the biofilm ranged from 6% to 52% with the majority of the samples in the 30% to 50% range. Based on the present results, with more efficient biofilm stimulation, it is reasonable to assume that a more complete plugging of the microcrack porosity might be possible, leaving a much thicker and efficient barrier than could be achieved via a surface biofilm.     

Determination of vanillin in vanilla perfumes and air by capillary electrophoresis

The present study investigated capillary electrophoretic detection of vanillin in vanilla perfume and air. An UV-absorbance detector was used in a home-made capillary electrophoretic instrument. A fused silica capillary (outer diameter: 364 μm, inner diameter: 50 μm) was used as a separation capillary, and a high electric voltage (20 kV) was applied across the two ends of the capillary. Total length of the capillary was 70 cm, and the effective length was 55 cm. Experimental results showed that the vanillin peak was detected at about 600, 450, and 500 seconds when pH of running buffers in CE were 7.2, 9.3, and 11.5, respectively. The peak area of vanillin was proportional to its concentration in the range of 0–10^?2 mol/L. The detection limit was about 10^?5 mol/L. Vanillin concentration in a 1% vanilla perfume sample was determined to be about 3×10^?4 mol/L, agreed well with that obtained by a HPLC method. Furthermore, determination of vanillin in air by combination of CE and active carbon adsorption method was investigated     

基于SEM图像处理法的化学镀Ni-P合金表面改性基底层孔隙表征

目的对Ni-P合金表面层孔隙进行定量表征。方法通过SEM微观形貌图像分析孔隙分布,运用ImageJ软件对SEM图像进行处理,并统计分析Ni-P合金表面层孔隙的孔隙率、孔隙数目、等效直径等数据。结果电化学蚀刻在改性Ni-P合金表面层制备微孔层,随时间延长,表面微孔数量增多、孔径增大。蚀刻1,3,5 min的孔隙率分别为0.85%,4.34%,11.18%,蚀刻5 min后微孔发生交联,Ni-P合金层防护性能被破坏。结论电化学蚀刻3 min可在Ni-P合金表面层获得分布均匀、等效直径主要分布在100~850 nm之间的微孔。     

分层填料土地毛管渗滤系统脱氮作用研究

对土壤煤渣分层的土地毛管渗滤系统的脱氮效果和机理进行了研究。氮的静态吸附试验和土壤全氮含量分析表明,填料对氮的去除作用有限。植物对总氮的去除贡献率只占0.47%,作用不明显。温度和总氮去除率的相关分析表明,温度对总氮去除效果影响不显著。提高出水水位30 cm以创造适合反硝化菌生长的还原环境,总氮去除率由39.1%下降到30.0%,可见氧化还原条件不是系统反硝化反应的限制条件。投加葡萄糖作为碳源,使C/N〉3,有机物去除率保持在80%以上,总氮的去除率上升到52.4%,较高的C/N比能有效提高土地毛管渗滤系统的总氮去除效果。     

Effect of biomass addition on the surface and adsorption characterization of carbon-based adsorbents from sewage sludge

Sewage sludge with the additive corn cob was used as prescusor to prepare sludge-based carbon adsorbents by pyrolysis method. And then, the carbonizated products were activated with potassium hydroxide. The mixing ratio of the corn cob to sewage sludge was investigated. The surface area and pore size distribution, elemental composition, surface chemistry structure and the surface physical morphology were determined and compared. The results demonstrated that the addition of corn cob into the sewage sludge sample could effectively improve the surface area (from 287 to 591 m 2 /g) and the microporosity (from 5% to 48%) of the carbon based adsorbent, thus enhancing the adsorption behavior. The sulfur dioxide adsorption capacity was measured according to breakthrough test. It was found that the sulfur dioxide adsorption capacity of the adsorbents was obviously enhanced after the addition of the corn cob. It is presumed that not only highly porous adsorbents, but also a high metallic content of these materials are required to achieve good performances.     

Characterization of cake layer structure on the microfiltration membrane permeability by iron pre-coagulation

A cake layer is formed by coagulation aggregates under certain transmembrane pressure in the coagulation-microfiltration (MF) process. The characteristics of humic acid aggregates coagulated by different iron-based coagulants, such as charge, size, fractal dimension and compressibility, have an effect on the cake layer structure. At the optimum iron dose of 0.6 to 0.8 mmol/L for ferric chloride (FC) and polymer ferric sulfate (PFS) pre-coagulation, at the point of charge neutralization for near zero zeta potential, the aggregate particles produced possess the greatest size and highest fractal dimension, which contributes to the cake layer being most loose with high porosity and low compressibility. Thus the membrane filterability is better. At a low or high iron dose of FC and PFS, a high negative or positive zeta potential with high charge repulsion results in so many small aggregate particles and low fractal dimension that the cake layer is compact with low porosity and high compressibility. Therefore the membrane fouling is accelerated and MF permeability becomes worse. The variation of cake layer structure as measured by scanning electric microscopy corresponds with the fact that the smaller the coagulation flocs size and fractal dimension are, the lower the porosity and the tighter the cake layer conformation. This also explains the MF membrane flux variation visually and accurately.     

甲苯在毛细带中的垂向迁移过程及其环境要素响应

为探究甲苯在非均质毛细带中的迁移规律及环境要素响应,采用一维土柱淋滤分层监测实验,模拟瞬时释放情境下甲苯从包气带进入毛细带到达含水层的迁移过程,同步监测pH值、DO、ORP等环境要素随甲苯迁移的变化规律,利用Pearson方法识别各环境要素与甲苯迁移的相关性.结果表明:甲苯在毛细带中迁移可分为4个阶段,即以重力作用为主...     

露天堆场防风抑尘网临界孔隙率的数值模拟

应用Fluent6.3对防风抑尘网及料堆周围流场进行数值模拟,通过研究不同孔隙率抑尘网与料堆周围湍流特性及料堆表面剪切力分布规律,确定了临界孔隙率.结果显示:高孔隙率(0.3、0.4、0.6)流动状态与无网工况一致,来流风沿迎风面贴附向上,风速逐渐增大,堆顶达到最大;低孔隙率(0、0.2)流态与无网迥异,迎风面处于涡旋中,风速向下,孔隙率为0时涡旋中心高于堆顶3m,孔隙率为0.2时涡旋中心位于堆高2/3处.孔隙率30.3时,料堆各表面剪切力变化趋势一致,与无网工况来流风同向,最大剪切力出现在堆顶.孔隙率为0.2时,作为最大起尘量的迎风面,其表面剪切力随高度先增大后减小,最大剪切力处于堆高3/5处.孔隙率为0.25时,湍流结构和剪切力分布发生突变,迎风面为贴附和涡旋复合流动,表面剪切力最小.据此确定来流风速6m/s,运用该几何模型时,临界孔隙率为0.25.